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World War II Begins Section 2
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Japan Sparks War in Asia 1937 – Japan starts all out war with China Bombed major cities Thousands killed Nanjing – 300,000 civilians and POWS were murdered Japan took control of Northern and Central China U.S. continued to hold to their Isolationism
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Germany Brings War to Europe 1938 – Hitler annexed Austria 1938 – claimed Sudetenland – western part of Czechkoslovakia Munich Conference Hitler promised Britian and France he would not take any more land Appeasement – practice of giving in to aggression to avoid war 1939 – Germany seized the rest of Czechkoslovakia
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Invasion of Poland August 1939 – Nazi-Soviet Pact Stalin and Hitler agreed not to attack each other September 1939 – blitzkrieg – lightning war German army invaded Poland Polish army was overwhelmed Stalin invaded eastern Poland, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia
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A Second World War September 1939 Britian and France declare war on Germany Axis Germany Italy Japan 6 others, including Romania Allies Britain France Soviet Union United States China 45 other countries, including Canada
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Fall of France Spring 1940 – Germany invaded Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, and France Italy joined the attack on France British sent troops to help French, but were forced to retreat – Miracle at Dunkirk In nine days, 331,226 soldiers — 192,226 British and 139,000 French — were rescued by a hastily assembled fleet of 860 boats June 22, 1940 – France surrendered
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Battle of Britain Britain was left as the only country in Europe opposing the Axis powers Winston Churchill – Prime Minister of Great Britain “We will never surrender” Hitler hoped to invade Britain Fighters and bombers attacked for several months, destroying cities and towns throughout London British RAF shot down 2,000 Luftwaffe planes, convincing Hitler to give up his plan for an invasion Many American pilots went to England to fly with the RAF against the Germans
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United States Moves Towards War Aid to the Allies “Cash and carry plan” – U.S. would sell supplies to Allies, but they had to come get them U.S. gave British 50 old destroyers to assist in protecting against U-boat attacks Prepared for War Increased spending for the military Established a military draft – first ever during peacetime
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Cont. A Third Term for FDR Both FDR and his opponent promised to keep U.S. out of war Many people were against FDR running for third term, but won easily Lend-Lease Act 1941 – allowed sales and loans of war material to “any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States.” Sent tanks, planes, guns, and ammunition to Britain Extended to Soviet Union when they were attacked by Germany
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Atlantic Charter Roosevelt and Churchill established war goals Agreed to seek no new territory Pledged to support “the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they live” Also called for a new “League of Nations”
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