1. THE CANADIAN BREWER SPECTROPHOTOMETER NETWORK (CBSN)
by: Tom Grajnar
Ozone and UV Network Manager

2. The Brewer Spectrophotometer: A Canadian Contribution to the Global Ozone and UV Monitoring Programme
Developed to replace Dobson spectrophotometer as prime standard for ground-based ozone monitoring
Is a modified Ebert spectrophotometer that can be used to measure total column ozone, SO2, NO2, ozone profile, aerosol optical depth and temperature of the ozone layer
1979-Development began at MSC
1980-Working prototype displayed at QOS in Boulder
1980-Initiation of Commercial production at SCI-TEC (now Kipp & Zonen)
1982-First foreign MKII delivered to Greece
1985-First MKIV
1987-Patented by Kerr et al.
1992-First MKIII
1997-First MSC MKV
2000-Over 165 Brewers in 43 countries and Antarctica

3. CBSN: History
1957 to Implementation of Dobson Network – 5 stations
1982 to 1994 – Implementation of Brewer Network – 13 stations

4. CBSN: Present State Canada: United States: 13 stations
28 Brewer spectrophotometers (+31 computers)
1 Dobson spectrophotometer
United States:
1 station (Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii)
2 Brewer spectrophotometers (+3 computers)

5. CBSN: Station Location and Instrumentation
Name
Latitude
Longitude
Dobson
Brewer
Ozonesonde
(North)
(West)
Network 
Alert
82.451
62.508  
Present
1987
Churchill
58.739
94.075
Present
1973
Edmonton (Stony Plain)
53.548
Present
1970
Eureka
79.989
85.934
Present
1992
Goose Bay
53.306
60.363
Present
1969
Halifax (Dartmouth)
44.665
63.570
Mauna Loa (HI, USA)
19.536
Present
Montreal
45.468
73.742
Present
Moosonee
51.237
80.680
Regina
50.210
Present
Resolute Bay
74.705
94.969
1987- Present
1966
Saskatoon
52.108
Saturna Island
48.775
Present
Toronto
43.781
79.468
Present
Winnipeg
49.895
97.236

6. CBSN: Station Map

8. CBSN Management and Maintenance: Purpose
Long-term monitoring of total column ozone and solar spectral ultraviolet radiation
Provision of near real-time data for use in CMC ozone and UV forecasts
Submission of data to WOUDC for long-term archival (trends studies)
Ozone transfer calibrations— for other organizations

9. CBSN Management and Maintenance: Staff
Direct
Network Manager
Network Technologist
Three Interns (9 months each)
One intern supporting network operations
Two interns writing software
Indirect
Station employees
Station contractors

10. CBSN Management and Maintenance: Key Operational Tools
Budget spreadsheets
Brewer parts inventory database
Electronic station Log Forms
Various other databases

11. Canadian Brewer Spectrometer Network (CBSN): Actual Salary, Capital and O & M Budgets Charged to CBSN Project for Fiscal
Prepared: April 14, 2003
Category
Item
Costs
Totals
% of
Section
Total
%Totals
Salary
Staff
Staff salaries (including overhead)
$142,262
71.0%
Overtime for all station travel
$4,500
2.2%
Total Salary
$146,762
73.3%
Capital
Equipment
Brewer Spectrometers $0
0.0%
Computer Systems
Other Equipment
Station infrastructure upgrades
$1,350
0.7%
Total Equipment
O & M
Station Visits
Maintenance, calibration, repairs, training, upgrades at Brewer stns
$10,768
5.4%
Station Contracts
Total contract costs
$14,645
7.3%
Shipping
Shipment of calibration equipment to stations for 2 year cal, mtnce, repair cycle
$15,193
7.6%
Shipment of supplies, parts and repair equipment to stations
$400
0.2%
Equipment maintenance
$4,200
2.1%
Communications
Internet service providers (for non-Government stations)
$2,393
1.2%
Telephone lines (for stations with modem communications)
$2,051
1.0%
Training
Estimated training for both Manager and Technician including travel costs
Estimated training of station contractors
Contingency
Approximately 3% of total O & M budget
$2,500
Total O & M
$52,150
26.0%
Total Estimated CBSN Budget for Fiscal 2003
$200,262
100.0%

12. Canadian Brewer Spectrometer Network (CBSN): Pro Forma Salary, Capital and O & M Budgets Charged to CBSN Project for Fiscal
Prepared: April 14, 2003
Category
Item
Costs
Totals
% of
Section
Total
%Totals
Salary
Staff
Staff salaries (with 0.5 of a Computer Programmer incl. overhead)
$179,429
19.8%
Overtime for all station travel
$8,000
0.9%
Total Salary
$187,429
20.7%
Capital
Equipment
Brewer Spectrometers
$480,000
53.1%
Computer Systems
$18,000
2.0%
Other Equipment
$37,321
4.1%
Station infrastructure upgrades
$15,000
1.7%
Total Equipment
$550,321
60.8%
O & M
Station Visits
Maintenance, calibration, repairs, training, upgrades at Brewer stations
$25,559
2.8%
Station Contracts
Total contract costs
$14,645
1.6%
Shipping
Shipment of calibration equipment to stations for 2 year cal, mtnce, repair cycle
$15,193
Shipment of supplies, parts and repair equipment to stations
$1,000
0.1%
Equipment maintenance
$68,175
7.5%
Communications
Internet service providers (for non-Government stations)
$2,393
0.3%
Telephone lines (for stations with modem communications)
$2,051
0.2%
Training
Estimated training for both Manager and Technician incl. travel costs
$6,000
0.7%
Estimated training of station contractors
$5,000
0.6%
Contingency
Approximately 3% of total budget
$27,000
3.0%
Total O & M
$167,016
18.5%
Total Estimated CBSN Budget for Fiscal 2003
$904,766
100.0%

13. Microsoft Access Database Over 800 entries Information:
CBSN Management and Maintenance: Key Operational Tools – Parts Inventory Database
Microsoft Access Database
Over 800 entries
Information:
Product ID#
Product Name
Product Description
Kipp & Zonen or Supplier Part #’s and Prices
Storage Location
Quantity in stock
Quantity required in stock
Quantity to order

14. CBSN Management and Maintenance: Key Operational Tools – Log Form
Excel workbook
One sheet per month
One Log File per year
Sections:
Contact information
Daily checks
Notes for proper Brewer operation and maintenance
Frequency of non-daily checks
Table to log non-daily checks
Table to log other maintenance notes

15. BREWER SPECTROMETER DAILY LOG FORM
(Refer to "Sample" Log Form worksheet for a sample of a filled-in form)
(This form can be re-sized using the "Zoom" option under the "View" menu)
For Brewer Spectrometer issues please contact:
Contact
Name
Phone
Manager
Tom Grajnar
(416)
Technologist
Mike Brohart
(416)
Backup
Edmund Wu
(416)
Day
CUT/GMT
Brewer
Computer
Corrected
Name of
Cleaned
Operator's
Time of
Date & Julian
Time off
Schedule
Dome and
Initials
Check
Day Correct? by
Time
in use
Window
(DD)
(HHMM)
(y or n)
(+/- sec.) 1 2 3 4 5 6

17. Frequency of Checks and Maintenance:
(1) Computer check, dome/window cleaning and moisture check should be performed daily.
(2) Steps per Revolution and sightings should be performed close to the 1st and 15th of each month.
(3) Desiccant checks should be performed as close to the 1st and 15th of each month as possible.
(4) Clean azimuth drive plate edge at least every 2 months (monthly is better). Inform the Manager
(or another contact if the Manager is unavailable) if there are any bits or flakes of aluminum on the plate edge.
Desiccant
Steps/Revolution
Sightings
Day Drive
Day
Box
Tube
Number
CUT
Horizon
North
Plate
Log % Pink and if
(DD)
of Steps
TIME
Correction
Cleaned
Replaced (y or n)
Previous
(Preferably
ex.: 15
75 / y
50 / y
Month
Monthly)
Other Maintenance and Abnormal Brewer Operation (continue below table if space insufficient)
(Provide detailed note of all problems and all changes made with CUT time of change and operator initials)

18. CBSN Management and Maintenance: Station Visits -- Overview
For: calibrations, maintenance, repairs, training
Visit frequency: every 2 years
Ideal staff complement: 2
Duration: about 6 days incl. travel time
Equipment: about 450 kg
Completed so far this year
Alert
Additional station visits this year:
Goose Bay, Dartmouth, Montreal, Mauna Loa?

19. CBSN Management and Maintenance: Station Visits -- Agenda
Calibration reference + details
Preliminary diagnostics examination
Initial Calibrations (Dispersion, UV, Ozone, etc.)
Maintenance + repairs (260 checks)
New equipment installation + upgrades
Final Calibrations (Dispersion, UV, Ozone, etc.)
Calibration data processing
Installation of new constants
Computer maintenance (15 checks)
Station inventory (50 checks)
Station photos + panorama
GPS station coordinates check
Training
Report finalization

20. CBSN Management and Maintenance: Station Visits – New Activities
Pressure test all Brewers
Installation of a sky cameras
Installation of a land cameras

21. CBSN Management and Maintenance: Station Visits – Future Upgrades
Humidity sensors
External desiccant system (closed cases)
Sky and land cameras
Proportionally controlled heaters with fans
Umkehr measurements at all stations
NO2 measurements where possible
Insulated covers for Arctic and northern stations

22. CBSN Management and Maintenance: Arctic Strategy
Historically the most problematic
Network Brewers range in age from 6 to 21 years -> average = 18 years
Arctic challenges:
High employee/contractor turnover (or no staff)
High cost of non-scheduled station visit
High cost of shipping parts back and forth for testing
Time lag due to infrequent flights, wx conditions employee/contractor time available to test/diagnose
Two Brewers each with one computer
Alert: red + single, Eureka: red + double, Resolute: red + single
Benefits:
Dramatic reduction in data record gaps
Red vs regular Brewer ozone measurement studies
Spare + diagnostic equipment already there
Data comparison

23. Software Tools: Calibration Software
Ozone calibration: intcom3a/BfilePro
Dispersion calibration: DisPro
UV calibration: LampsPro
Temperature coefficients: TempCoef
GS scan analysis: GraSPro
Mirror positioning: Et.rtn
Neutral density filter test: Testfw2
Sunscans: IdealStepNumber
Zenith sky coefficients: FullZen

26. Calibration Procedures: UV Calibration
Irradiance source: 1,000 Watt DXW NIST traceable lamps
Lamps operated at 8.0 amps DC in horizontal position
40 cm distance from middle of lamp filament to teflon diffuser
Lamp system components:
Power supply: Xantrex model XHR 150-7
8.3 amp current limit and 16-bit resolution with RS232 interface
Digital Voltmeter: HP Model 34420A nono-volt/micro-Ohm meter
7.5 digits resolution
Shunt: Isotek model RUG-Z-R
0.1 ohm resistor (0.1% tolerance, 1ppm/degree C TCR)
Reference precision standard resistor: Guildline model 9222/0.05 Resistor s/n 33635
Computer: IBM compatible with RS232 interface for instrument control

27. Calibration Procedures: UV Calibration
Computer controls power supply and DVM via a single serial port
The current is set to 8.0 amps
Every 10 seconds voltage across shunt is measured and checked to be within % of 8.0 amp target
Adjustments are made as required to satisfy this criteria

29. The Brewer Reference Triad
Established in 1984
Consists of Brewers 008, 014 and 015
Each Brewer is calibrated absolutely and independently
Each of the triad goes to MLO for a two week period at least every 8 years to collect data for an absolute calibration
Any refurbishment or changes to the instrument are done at this time
Not a requirement that the same instruments remain part of the triad even though this has been the case
The long-term mean standard deviation among the 3 instruments is < 1%

30. Implementation and Maintenance of the CBSN Traveling Standard Brewer
Primary and backup traveling standards
Instruments must demonstrate high quality diagnostics and good stability
SL ratios and other diagnostics are checked before leave MSC, on arrival at station and on return to MSC
Calibrated against the triad at least annually, more frequently if concerns exist

31. Software Tools: Remote Control Software
PCAnywhere 9.2
Used for:
Diagnostics
Testing
File upload/download
Connections:
5 stations with TCP inside MSC firewall
2 stations with TCP outside MSC firewall
6 stations with modem outside MSC firewall

32. Software Tools: Brewer Control Software
Network Brewer software: v3.75e/3.75f
VB6.0 Brewer software in development:
Temporary setback—loss of programmer
Two intern programmers for 9 months
About 85 of the 100 routines completed
Will support all Brewer models and all 3 electronic board configurations
Completion of Stage II could be as soon as September 2003 followed by submission to interested parties for Beta testing and comment

33. Data Transfer from Stations
Ozone and uv bulletins (and some images several times per hour from each Brewer to CMC (and GTS) and to MSC website
All new Brewer data, program, constants, log and image files on a daily basis to CBSN server
WOUDC downloads files from CBSN server daily

35. Data Quality Assurance Procedures
First level Q/A—Real-time Bulletins
Automatically displayed to desktop computer screens
Compare ds ozone with uv ozone
Note time of last bulletin to ensure continuous operation
Second level Q/A
Monthly diagnostics checks—action as required
Monthly Log Form checks—Feedback to station operators
Final Data Q/A
Data processing and submission to WOUDC by Vitali Fioletov

36. Final Processing of Observations from Individual Stations: New BDMS Software
Processes B- and UV-files at the same time
Calculates ozone and UV from raw counts
Works directly with ICF and DCF files
“Flexible” SL test correction
Allows specification of time window and weighting function
Typically use median value which works well with spikes and calibrations
HG test-based quality control
Rejection of data if hg after data changes by more than 3 to 5 steps or if low correlation coefficient
If before hg is bad then data acceptance constraints are tougher
If before and after hg are bad then data is rejected
Outputs daily ozone values and individual measurements in ExtCSV format

37. Final Processing of Observations from Individual Stations: New UV Algorithm
Linear responsivity interpolation
Stray light correction
Using laser scan data (if available)
Otherwise use parameterization
Total ozone and SO2 calculation
“Spikes” correction
HG control
Use same process describe above for total ozone
Angular response correction

38. Application of New BDMS Software
Currently only Canadian data is processed every 4 to 6 months
Looking into processing UV data for other countries
Not currently available for public use due to lack of good user interface and installation package
Intention exists to make it widely available

39. CBSN as an Example for the Regional Networking of Brewer Stations in the GAW Network
CBSN is an example of how a Brewer Network might be operated with minimal resources
Best to get input from other Brewer networks and scientists and recommend a set of “minimal requirements” for proper Brewer operation and a set of “optimal requirements”
These recommendations may then be forwarded to the Brewer Ad-Hoc Committee and the WMO to act as a guide for others and be tailored to their own resource situation

40. New Developments for WOUDC
New Web Address:
New Web Form:
Allows users to sub search on what data are available from the WOUDC archive
Calibrations
It has become an important issue to have data originators include calibration information, inter-comparison details and summaries and any reports dealing with the status of instruments
It is important to have this information sent to the WOUDC
The archive is designed to accommodate and report on this information
WOUDC News
The Czech Dobson and Brewer analysis programs are being successfully used by several data originators (contributors) to the WOUDC archive

41. New Developments for WOUDC/BDMS
New Web site
WOUDC web site has undergone recent changes and so will the BDMS portion of the site
Changes are expected to be completed by late summer 2003.
Meeting reports
Will continue to post meeting reports from Biennial Brewer meetings
Hopefully can add reports from inter-comparisons.
Bulletin board for Brewer community
BDMS web site may also used as a Brewer community “bulletin board” for information such as standard operating procedures, best practises, lessons learned, even FAQs about networks and operations.
Ad hoc reports
Reports from the Brewer Sub-committee will be posted at this site