1. ROME:
Christianity, Achievements, and Decline

2. Warm-up 1 Word Bank: Judaism Pax Romana, Julius Punic
Augustus polytheistic
Warm-up 1
Punic
The ______Wars were caused by competition between Rome and Carthage for control of trade.
___________ Caesar forced the senate to make him dictator and was later assassinated.
Under ________ Caesar, Rome became an empire.
Two hundred years of peace and prosperity that began with the rule of Augustus is called the ____________
Roman Mythology was a ___________ religion.
The holy book of this monotheistic religion is the Torah. _______________
Julius
Augustus
Pax Romana
polytheistic
Judaism

3. Rome II, Day 1 Warm-up Christianity Notes
Venn Diagram Judaism/Christianity
Terms 1-12
Go over map on text book worksheet (p. 6)
Complete p. 11 and 12 (review)
The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome in terms of its impact on Western civilization by
describing the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Christianity on a Venn Diagram and terms list.

4. Apostles, Paul, legalized by Constantine
Warm-up 2
Give the letter of
Spain
Gaul
Britain
Birthplace of Judaism and Christianity
Greece
Opponent of Rome in Punic Wars A E B E B A D C F C H F G H
7. Christianity has it’s roots in which religion?
8. Who do Christians believe is the son and incarnation of God?
9. Which book contains accounts of the life and teachings of Jesus?
10. Who spread Christianity?
Judaism
Jesus
New Testament
Apostles, Paul, legalized by Constantine

5. Rome II, Day 2 Warm-up Notes on the decline of Rome
MAD PIE activity (movie clips)
Terms 13-20
Complete p. 9 (in Greece and Rome review)
The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about in terms of its impact on Western civilization by citing the reasons for the decline and fall of the Western Roman Empire on a terms list and review.

6. Warm-up 3 List the causes for the decline of the Roman Empire M P A I
2. As the Roman Empire declined, what became the unifying force in Western Europe: Christian Church or Islamic Religion?
3. What part of the Roman Empire fell: East or West?
4. The Eastern Roman Empire became known as the Byzantine or Holy Roman Empire?
oral Decay
olitical Problems
rmy Discipline
nvasions
ivision of Empire
conomic Problems

7. Rome II, Day 3 Warm-up Notes on the achievements of Rome
Complete packets
Terms 20-28
Finish review (p.10)
Crossword Puzzles (crossword bank available)
The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome by listing contributions in art and architecture, technology and science, medicine, literature and history, language, religious institutions, and law on crossword puzzles and a review.

8. Warm-up 4
Which number represents the location of ancient Athens?

9. military discipline or civic responsibility
2. In this quotation, Pericles describes Athenian society as valuing —
military discipline or civic responsibility

10. Persian or Peloponnesian?
3. Which war is being described above
Persian or Peloponnesian?

11. 4. The sequence above describes the development of government in ancient — Athens or Sparta?

12. 5. Which number on the map below marks the location of this building?

13. 6. Which number on the map below marks the location of this building?

14. 7. What best replaces the question mark
7. What best replaces the question mark? Representative Democracy or Direct Democracy?

15. 8. Which list places these events in the correct chronological order?
2, 4, 3, 1
3, 1, 2, 4

16. 9. Which civilization most influenced the architecture in this picture?
Greece or Rome

17. 10. Which action best completes this diagram
10. Which action best completes this diagram? Uniform currency or price controls?

18. 11. Which number marks a province of the Roman Empire?
Early Hellenic culture spread from Greece to Asia Minor as a result of —

19. 12. This passage, in which Jesus expressed many of the values representative of his faith, is from the —
Ten Commandments or New Testament?

20. Rome II, Day 4 Warm up Turn in packets Greece and Rome Test
Begin Early Middle Ages Unit
The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece and Rome in terms of its impact on Western civilization on a unit test.

21. Origins of Christianity
Had its roots in Judaism
Was lead by Jesus of Nazareth who was proclaimed the Messiah
Messiah: savior

22. Beliefs of Christianity
Monotheism: belief in one God
Jesus is both the Son and incarnation (human form) of God
Life after death

23. The New Testament of The Bible
Contains accounts of the life and the teachings of Jesus as well as the writings of early Christians

24. Spread of Christianity
Carried by the Apostles, including Paul, throughout the Empire
The Apostles
Paul

25. Martyr: Someone who dies for their beliefs
Persecution
Early Christians were persecuted by the Romans for refusing to worship the Roman Gods
Martyr: Someone who dies for their beliefs

26. Christian doctrine was established by early church councils
Doctrine: beliefs
The First Council of Nicaea

27. Emperor Constantine Adopted and legalized Christianity
Later Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire

28. Constantine Legalizes Christianity

29. Impact of the Church in the Late Roman Empire
As the Roman Empire declined in the West, the church in Rome grew in importance, membership, and influence.
The church became an example of moral authority

30. Church in Western Europe
Loyalty to the church became more important than loyalty to the Emperor.
The church became the main unifying force in Western Europe.

31. Christianity

32. Diaspora Scattering of the Jews
By the end of the first century BCE, Rome had taken over the eastern Mediterranean and the Jewish population was spread through many cities of the east. In the third and fourth centuries CE there were substantial Jewish settlements in most major eastern cities and many western provinces as well.
  By the end of the first century BCE, Rome had taken over the eastern Mediterranean and the Jewish population was spread through many cities of the east. In the third and fourth centuries CE there were substantial Jewish
Jews were exiled from Israel by the Romans in AD 132. They migrated to places all around the Mediterranean Sea

33. Maps: Ancient Greece Troy Aegean Sea Athens Sparta Mediterranean Sea
MACEDONIA
Dardanelles
Troy
PERSIAN EMPIRE
BALKAN PENINSULA
Aegean Sea
ANATOLIA or ASIA MINOR
Athens
Sparta
PELOPONNESSUS PENINSULA
Mediterranean Sea

34. Roman Empire BRITAIN GAUL ALPS GREECE Black Sea Rome SPAIN
Constantinople
ITALY
ANATOLIA
Carthage
Mediterranean Sea
Jerusalem
ISRAEL
EGYPT

35. Decline of the Roman Empire
Moral decay
Army discipline
Division of empire
Political problems
Invasions
Economic problems
MAD PIE

36. Barbarian Invaders Barbarians: Non-Romans
Germanic tribes repeatedly attacked along the northern borders.

37. Army Membership
To defend against increasing threats, Rome hired mercenaries (foreign soldiers who fought for money).
Military started to include invaders
Discipline and loyalty collapsed.
During the 2nd and 3rd Centuries A.D., mass migrations from Eurasia put constant pressure on the European frontier. In Mesopotamia, the Parthians and Sassinids attacked the frontiers; and in 260 A.D., the Sassinids defeated a Roman army at Edessa. The Roman Emperor Valerian was killed and up to 25,000 Romans were captured and sold as slaves. By 350 A.D., the Roman army was closer in appearance to their enemies and former enemies than to the Imperial Roman troops of Trajan. Much of this change was due to the fact that the legions were made up of men recruited in the provinces rather than Rome and Italy.

38. Rome was divided into Eastern and Western portions
Division of the Empire
Rome was divided into Eastern and Western portions
Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium (He also ended persecution of Christians)

39. Invasions
From 376 to 476 Germanic and Mongol invaders poured into the Western portion of the Roman Empire.

40. Economic Problems
The high cost of defending its borders caused the Empire to raise taxes and mint coins with less silver.
With Roman money worth less(devaluation), prices rose (inflation).
Small farmers abandoned their lands causing food shortages.

41. Political Problems
Civil conflict: politician- generals fought each other for power
Weak leadership: Emperors were unable to handle problems faced by the empire. They were often brutal and incompetent. Many were murdered.
During his reign several attempts were made on Commodus' life.[[34]] After a few botched efforts, an orchestrated plot was carried out early in December 192, apparently including his mistress Marcia. On 31 December an athlete named Narcissus strangled him in his bath,[[35]] and the emperor's memory was cursed

42. Moral Decay
Conditions in the later centuries made Romans lose their patriotism.
The people lost faith in Rome and the family

43. Rome’s Decline

45. Chaos as the Empire Falls

48. Western Empire Falls
The Western Roman Empire ceased to exist in 476 AD when Germanic invaders overthrew the last Roman Emperor.

49. Byzantine Empire
The Eastern Roman Empire survived and later became known as the Byzantine Empire

50. Proud Rome is Brought to its Knees

53. Roman Achievements Roads
Connected Rome to all parts of the Empire
Were built to last (some are still in use today)

54. Arches and Aqueducts
Arches were used as memorials in addition to supporting buildings, bridges, and aqueducts
Aqueducts were designed to bring water from the mountains to the cities.
Victory Arch
Aqueduct

55. Roman Accomplishments

56. The Forum Means open space or marketplace
The political and economic heart of Rome.
The Forum (a Latin word meaning open space or market place) was the administrative and corporate heart of Rome. Generally this word referred to the open space in any Roman town where business, judicial, civic, or religious activities were conducted. A typical forum might be surrounded by temples, shops, and basilicas (large, covered structures used for various meetings).
In Rome, there were several forums. The most famous, the Roman Forum, was designed by the architect Vitruvius who felt the proportions needed to be 3:2 (length to width). For centuries, the Roman Forum was the site of the city's most important public buildings including the Arch of Septimius Severus, built in 203 B.C. and the Rostra or public speaking platforms. The reliefs on the triple arch represented many of Rome's victories over oriental tribes and the Rostra was decorated with prows of warships captured during battles. The Roman Forum became the spectacular showcase of the Empire filled with beautiful statues and architecture.
Eventually, the Roman Forum proved too small for Rome's ever growing public activities. Consequently, the first Imperial Forum was built in 54 B.C. by Caesar. Most subsequent emperors built their own forums including Nerva, Vespasian, and Trajan, who built the largest which covered an area of 25 acres.

57. Pantheon
Domed temple dedicated to the Roman gods

58. Architecture: The Pantheon

59. Roman Colosseum Stadium which held 50,000
Mock battles, gladiator contests, and other bloody spectacles were seen here
Other forms of enjoyment in Roman society involved death and destruction. The main attraction for many Romans was the "games" in the Colosseum, a huge outdoor theater. Gladiators were slaves or former soldiers who fought in the Colosseum and in other arenas, against other people or against animals. These "games" were often fatal to the participants.
In the end, the civilization of ancient Rome is known for several things:
the hugeness of the Empire;
the success of the well-trained armies;
the massive, impressive structures and construction, such as roads, aqueducts, baths, the Forum, and temples;
the struggle with and then embracement of Christianity;
the spreading of Roman writing, laws, trade practices and ideals and, especially, of Greek ideals to the rest of the known world;
the terrible tragedies of slavery and conquest on which the civilization was ultimately based;
the dramatic way in which the Empire collapsed, serving as an example for generations afterward. 

60. Roman Baths
Romans swam, exercised, gambled, gossiped, and played games in addition to bathing.
Both rich and poor could afford to go often.
could afford to go often. Those who could spare the time went every day. Men and women bathed in separate rooms because mixed bathing was not allowed. People did not go to the baths just to get clean. The baths were a place to meet friends and gossip, gamble or play games. You could have a massage or go for a swim. Some baths had restaurants and even libraries. (A) HOT ROOM The heat and steam made bathers sweat, getting rid of dirt in the pores of their skin. (B) STEAM BATH Furnaces boiled pools of water to fill the hot room with steam. (C) WARM ROOM Before entering the hot room, bathers went to the warm room to get used to the heat. (D) COLD ROOM Bathers went to the cold room last of all. Here they had a quick dip in a pool of cold water to give the skin a final rinse. (E) EXERCISE AND GAMING AREA Before going home, bathers liked to sunbathe and chat with their friends. Some also did athletic exercises.

61. Public Health Piped water for drinking and bathing
Sewage systems to remove human waste
Medical Schools
Claudius Galen
Born in Turkey
Claudius was a famous Roman doctor.
He cut up animals to find out what was inside. This helped him to find out about human organs.
He was the first doctor to take a patient's pulse.
back...
The Romans adopted many Greek philosophies but made their own advancements in public health. They developed sewers to remove human waste from the cities and towns and built systems to provide clean water not only to drink, but for public baths. The baths provided a place to wash, exercise and socialize. Sophisticated hospitals were also built in ancient Rome. They were developed to take care of sick and injured soldiers, which was important to the Roman Empire because it relied on it’s army to conquer new territory.
Romans enjoyed going to the baths. The baths were cheap to enter, so both rich and poor
Galen

62. The Aeneid Written in praise of Rome and Roman virtues
By Virgil
Written in praise of Rome and Roman virtues
Modeled after the Greek Epics of Homer
The Aeneid, by Virgil, is an epic written in early Rome.  The story deals with the journey of a hero, Aeneas, to a new country.  The diversity of the characters in the Aeneid are the driving force of the plot. These characters must overcome conflicts through out the story.  The Aeneid contains five major themes in which Virgil presents the story.  The Aeneid can only be properly studied when read in context with the historical and cultural aspects of the time period.  There was a distinct social structure,  political structure ,  and  economic structure  in ancient Rome. 
Virgil Reading The Aeneid to Augustus

63. Ptolemy Created the first world Atlas with longitude and latitude.
Designed an Earth-centered, (wrong) model of the universe that was held as truth for 1400 years.
Following (three centuries later!) the line of thought of Hipparchus, Ptolemy rejected the opinion of Aristarchus that the sun was the center of our cosmos (the heleocentric theory).  Ptolemy "demonstrated" what appeared to be the much more logical (and ancient) view that the earth is the center of the cosmos (the geocentric theory) and that all heavenly bodies rotate around the earth as the epicenter of the universe.  In order to get his theory to work, he (and others after him) had to add a large number of secondary explanations (following Hipparchus' use of eccentrics and epicycles) of the peculiar movement of heavenly bodies around the earth in order to get them to fit his theory.
That Ptolemy could place Earth at the center of the universe and still predict the planets’ positions adequately was a testament to his ability as a mathematician. That he could do so while maintaining the Greek belief that the heavens were perfect—and thus that each planet moved along a circular orbit at a constant speed—is nothing short of remarkable.
Charts have aided mariners ever since the Alexandrian astronomer Ptolemy created the first world atlas in the second century A.D. The redoubtable Ptolemy even plotted latitude and longitude lines on his atlas's 27 maps, though the farther one got from the known world centered on the Mediterranean, the dangerously less reliable they became.
From at least the time of Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD, man believed that the Earth was at the center of the universe.  In the 15th century, Copernicus brought us closer to the truth, moving the Sun to the center of the universe.

64. Latin and the Romance languages
Latin: The language of Rome, the Roman Catholic Church, and learning in Western Europe.
Romance languages: Languages derived from Latin: Italian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese.

65. More Roman Achievements

66. The First Triumvirate
The Senate had been seriously insulting Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar, so they joined together in 60 B.C. and made up a secret political group known as the First Triumvirate. The First Triumvirate quickly began to wrestle the government of Rome away from the senate, planning to make Caesar consul in 59 B.C.
    Caesar then began to try to take over Gaul (now France, Belguim, and a little bit of Germany) and succeeded by 51 B.C. Pompey stayed in Rome to keep the power from slipping through their fingers. Meanwhile, Crassus was attempting to take over the Parthians(now Iran) but was killed in 53 B.C. Caesar counteracted by forming the so-called triumvirate, or, to use the more adequate term that was coined by the historian Titus Livy (59 BCE - 17 CE), a conspiracy against the state by its three leading citizens. The other two citizens implied in the conspiracy were the rich banker Marcus Licinius Crassus (above) and the generalissimo Gnaeus Pompeius, better known as Pompey. 
    Caesar returned to Italy with his army in 49 B.C. gaining control of the entire peninsula. Pompey, fearing Caesar, fled from the country and eventually went to Egypt, where he was then murdered. Caesar chased him there and started a relationship with Queen Cleopartra VII. When he returned to Rome he took Cleopatra with him. He set up colonies for his soldiers and for the unemployed, and also handled Rome's serious debt problem wisely. He had been a dictator since 49 B.C., and in 44 B.C. he was appointed dictator for the rest of his life. Next he planned to go east and conquer something, but his plans were interrupted because a group of senators stabbed him to death because they thought he was destroying the republic.