1. Effects of Forest Management on Carbon Flux and Storage Jiquan Chen, Randy Jensen, Qinglin Li, Rachel Henderson & Jianye Xu University of Toledo & Missouri Department of Conservation

2. A Few Relevant Advancements in Carbon Study Global warming associated with human activities is much greater than the portion associated with greenhouse gases (GHG);Global warming associated with human activities is much greater than the portion associated with greenhouse gases (GHG); Carbon sequestration strength varies with management (e.g., harvesting, fertilization), climate and natural disturbances, but no widely accepted models for managers;Carbon sequestration strength varies with management (e.g., harvesting, fertilization), climate and natural disturbances, but no widely accepted models for managers; Respiratory carbon loss dominates over the carbon gain through photosynthesis;Respiratory carbon loss dominates over the carbon gain through photosynthesis; Retention of green trees during harvests might prevent a stand from being a carbon source.Retention of green trees during harvests might prevent a stand from being a carbon source.

3. CWD Atmosphere Soil Roots Non-photo-tissue Photo-tissue Autotrophic respiration Leaf respiration Stem respiration Soil surface CO 2 efflux Leaf litter Root & mycorrhizal respiration Heterotrophic soil respiration Leaf litter respiration Photorespiration CWD respiration Leaf net photosynthesis Gross primary production Net primary production Modified from Gifford (2003) by Li & Chen Heterotrophic respiration Leaf gross photosynthesis Net ecosystem exchange Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes Qs?

4. Annual Carbon Storage in N. Hemisphere Forests Gough et al. (2008), Bioscience

5. Growing season NEP for comparable pine ecosystems of various age classes – results of a meta-analysis Euskirchen, Pregitzer & Chen (2006), JGR Gough et al. (2008), Bioscience

6. Effects of clearcut and fire on annual carbon storage by site index at UMBS Gough et al. (2008), Bioscience

7. Created by J. Chen (2004) Hypothesized change in annual carbon storage of disturbed forests

8. Management disturbances will increase the amount of carbon loss through respiration.

9. Changes in elevated respiration rate (%) at MOFEP compartment, showing rapid diminish trends. Year Difference from the Refs (%) EAM UAM

10. Daily mean ecosystem component respiration in the NHM stands

11. Daily mean ecosystem component respiration in the UAM stands

12. Daily mean ecosystem component respiration in the EAM stands

13. NHMUAMEAM Soil1193.8 (73%)1309.5 (77%)1097.5 (85%) Down dead wood 39.7 (2%)39.5 (2%)156.3 (12%) Snag87.5 (5%)105.4 (6%)0 (0%) Sapwood158.6 (10%)114.2 (7%)23.3 (2%) Leaf 162.2 (10%)122.3 (7%)8.4 (1%) Ecosystem 1641.7 (100%)1690.9 (100%)1285.6 (100%) Mean respiration (percentage) of different components at the three treatments unit: Kg CO 2.ha -2.yr -1

14. Soil respiration not an exponential function of soil temperature – complex regulations! Reduction in photosynthesis (C- gain) at higher VPD (Temperature) will also reduce respiratory C loss!

15. Change in NEE in comparison to low-VPD conditions as a function of VPD at midday. Noormets et al. (2008), New Phytologists

16. Summer respiration (C loss) is linearly related to annual/winter precipitation in California’s Serra Nevada. Concilio et al. (2008), Clim. Change.

17. Relationship between soil respiration & temperature SRR was positively related to T s5 when M s >15%. SRR was positively related to T s5 when M s >15%. The positive relationship changed to the negative when M s <5%. The positive relationship changed to the negative when M s <5%. M s > 15%.5 ~ 15%. < 5%. Ma et al. (2004), For. Sci. Clearly, water and other resource use and biophyscial environmental variable can alter the conventional Q10 predictions.

18. Challenges For Managing Ozark Forests 1.Understand the long-term dynamics of carbon fluxes and regulative mechanisms as climate, species composition, and management practices will be agile; 2.Link management options directly to carbon storage and fluxes (i.e., credit) in adaptation plans (e.g., climate change and societal needs); 3.Examine the C credits and sequestration of Ozark forests in context of overall ecosystem functions and services.

19. Thank You!