1. Body Organization
Chapter 1

2. Objectives Define the terms anatomy and physiology.
Describe the process of science.
Identify the classic characteristics of life.
List and discuss in order of increasing complexity the levels of organization of the body.
List and discuss the major organ systems of the body and their functions
Explain the interaction between structure and function.
Discuss the concept of body type (somatotype).
Define homeostasis.
Explain the importance of homeostatic control mechanisms and the operation of negative and positive feedback loops.
Describe the anatomical position.
Discuss and contrast the axial and appendicular subdivisions of the body by identifying the specific anatomical regions in each area.
List the nine abdominal regions and the four abdominal quadrants.
List and define the principle directional terms and body planes used in describing the body and the relationships of its parts.
Name the cavities of the body and identify the major organs in each.

3. Basics Anatomy Gross Microscopic Developmental Pathological Systemic
Cytology
Histology
Developmental
Pathological
Systemic

4. Basics Physiology Anatomical Position Organism involved
Organization level
Systemic function
Anatomical Position

5. Characteristics of Life (p. 6)
Responsiveness
Conductivity
Growth
Respiration
Digestion
Absorption
Secretion
Excretion
Circulation
Reproduction
To do: in a group of 2-3 you need to discuss and in your own words define the term assigned, to be spoken to the class

6. Levels of Organization (Fig. 1-3)
Chemical level
Organelle level
Cellular level
Tissue level
Organ level
System level (Table 1-1)
Organism level

7. System Level Organization
Outer protection
Support and movement
Communication, control, and integration
Transportation and defense
Processing, regulation, and maintenance
Reproduction and development
To do: in groups of 4-5 list the systems responsible for each function

8. Body Regions (Fig. 1-6, Table 1-3) and Body Cavities (Fig. 1-5)
Ventral cavity (Table 1-2)
Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
Dorsal cavity
Cranial cavity
Spinal cavity
Abdominal regions (Fig. 1-7)
Abdominopelvic quadrants (Fig. 1-8)
Found in Table 1-3 (let’s look!)

9. Draw and label the frontal view

12. Directional terms (p.14) Superior and inferior Anterior and posterior
Ventral and dorsal
Medial and lateral
Proximal and distal
Superficial and deep
You need to choose 2 more words
to learn in addition to your 5.

13. Body Planes and Sections (Fig. 1-9)
Sagittal
Coronal
Transverse

14. Interaction of Structure and Function
Body type and disease (Fig. 1-11)
Endomorph
Mesomorph
Ectomorph

16. STOP
Book questions p.
Review
Critical

17. Homeostatic Control Mechanisms (p. 21)
Basic components of control mechanisms (Fig. 1-14)
Afferent (sensory) mechanism (towards)
Integrating or control center
Effector (motor) mechanism (away)
Feedback mechanisms
Negative feedback control systems
Positive feedback control systems

18. Homeostasis Temperature regulation Regulation of carbon dioxide level
Regulation of blood glucose level

19. Negative Feedback Inhibitory Stabilizing Produce an opposite action
Maintain homeostasis
More common

20. Negative Feedback

21. Positive Feedback Stimulatory Amplify the action Destabilizing effects
Disturb homeostasis
Bring body function to a completion

22. Positive Feedback (Box 1-3)

23. Cycle of Life: Life Span Considerations (p. 26)
Our body’s structure and function change over time
Develop and age
Infancy and old age are the least functional years
Young adults have the most efficient homeostatic capabilities
Our bodies atrophy as we advance in age

24. Mechanisms of Disease (p. 28)
Genetic mechanisms
Pathogenic organisms (Fig. 1-15)
Prions
Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi (yeast cells)
Fungi (mold)
Protozoans
Pathogenic animals

25. Mechanisms of Disease (p. 28)
Tumors and cancer
Physical and chemical agents
Malnutrition
Autoimmunity
Inflammation
Degeneration

26. Disease Terminology (Box 1-4)
Terms
Pathology
Diagnosis
Symptoms
Syndrome
Acute
Chronic
Idiopathic
Communicable
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology

27. Medical Imaging of the Body (Box 1-1)
Radiography
Computed tomography (CT)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Ultrasonography

28. The End

29. Teaching Tips and Learning Activities
Divide the class into ten groups of two or three students each, assigning an organ system to each group. Give the groups ten minutes or so to prepare a brief explanation of the contributions of their assigned organ system. After hearing from each team, recommend that each group keep these presentations in mind for comparison later when the chapter on that organ system is covered.
Next, have the students rank, by initial impression, the relative complexity of the ten organ systems. Last, you may ask whether the groups have additional information they want to add; also ask them which systems strike them as being more complex than they had originally thought.
A human torso model may also be used to identify organs, body regions, and body cavities (Fig 1-6).