1. EXCAVATION

2. Excavation 1Excavation activity involves use of manual and mechanical means and interaction of both. Hence, safety aspect to plan involvement and inter action of the same: 1Individual Excavation 1Deep Excavation 1Excavation of Trenches 1Cannal Excavation

3. Topic that will be dealt with  Hazards of Excavation  Remedial measures  Inspections  Emergency Response

4.  Collapse of shoring  Falling loads Excavation hazards

5.  Slip & fall of workmen  Underground utilities …..Excavation hazards

6.  Vehicular traffic  Adjacent structures …..Excavation hazards

7.  Access / Egress  Mobile equipment. …..Excavation hazards

8.  Cave-in / Soil collapse  Improper shoring. …..Excavation hazards

9. Excavation Hazards To sum it up ……. Cave -in / Soil Collapse Utilities Hazardous atmospheres Adjacent structures Falling loads Access/Egress Vehicle traffic Mobile equipment

10.  Before going down, check & sides are properly shored.  Inspect for proper shoring Remedial measures

11.  When working inside trench, location of safe exit to be ascertained.  If you notice any shift in position, stop and investigate. …..Remedial measures

12.  Use a proper means of access to cross a trench  Barricade the opening …..Remedial measures

13.  Proper shoring / Benching  During excavation ladder shall be provided for access / egress. …..Remedial measures

14.  Use Gumboot while working inside a trench …..Remedial measures  Usage of stop blocks to prevent vehicle fall inside a trench

15. So what should be done prior to Excavation Check for…..  Soil type & Ground condition  Ground / Surface Water / Water table  Under ground / Overhead utilities  Adjacent buildings  Dynamic (Traffic) load

16. Preventing Soil Collapse Soil Classification determines construction of protective system:  Sloping or benching  Shoring Timber / Aluminum shoring Sheet piling  Placing shield between the side of the excavation & the work area.  Underpinning

17. Water Accumulation Ground water Surface water Water table

18. Soil classification Type A - Cohesive soils –Clay, Sandy clay, silty clay, clay loam Type B - Cohesionless soils –Silt, Sandy loam, silt loam Type C - Water is freely seeping –Gravel, sand,

19. Types of Soil Loose soil like black cotton and sandy soil Stiff soil like murrum Rock Excavation

20. ANGLE OF REPOSE Minimum angle of inclination for free standing soil face for stability

21. Simple Sloping -Type A Soil Unsupported Vertically-Sided Lower Portion <12 ft Unsupported Vertically-Sided Lower Portion <8 ft

22. Simple Sloping -Type A Soil Supported or Shielded Vertically-Sided Lower Portion

23. Simple Sloping Type A - 3/4:1 53 0 Type B - 1:1 45 0 Type C - 1½ :1 34 0 Greater than 20 feet deep shall be designed by a registered professional engineer.

24. Benching

25. Preventing Soil Collapse SLOPE / SHORING Above 5 ft. depth. 1M 3 SOIL WEIGHS APP. 1.3 MT

26. Timber Shoring Installations Refer to Design Engr.

27. Utilities Underground Above ground PERMIT SYSTEM

28. Hazardous Atmospheres Oxygen CO H 2 S Petroleum Other toxics

29. Access / Egress –Ladders - @ every 30mts. –Ramps –Stairs cut on earth

30. STACKING OF MATERIAL ETC.

31. Other parameters……..  BARRICATION  FENCING  ILLUMINATION

32. Mobile Equipment

33. Vehicle Traffic »Traffic Control »Traffic Safety Vests

34. Adjacent Structures Ensure structure stability –Shoring –Bracing –Evaluation by Professional

35. Excavation Inspections Daily Inspections by Competent Person –Start of shift, as needed, following rainstorms or other hazard-increasing event Possible cave-ins Protective system failure Water accumulation Hazardous atmospheres

36. Excavation Rescue Initial Size-up –Type of incident? Cave-in, flooding, medical, fire, spill –Injuries? Number and type –Missing personnel? –Chemical (or sewage) exposures? –Safety of excavation for rescuers?

37. Excavation Rescue Notify: –Field personnel –SSC = Emergency Coordinator –Fire Department –Police Department –Emergency Medical Services (EMS)/Hospital

38. Excavation Rescue Stabilize cave-in Control flooding Hazardous Atmospheres? –Ventilate –SCBA –Safety harness and line –Basket stretcher

39. Excavation Rescue

40. DON’T ROLL THE DICE!!! Excavation Rescues The best rescue is the one you never have to make! –Practice proper procedures Make sure everything is safe before anybody goes in!