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Acids, Bases, & Salts
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What is an ACID? pH less than 7
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What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases
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What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O
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What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with metals
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What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen gas Good conductors of electricity
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What is an ACID? pH less than 7 Neutralizes bases Forms H + ions in solution Corrosive-reacts with most metals to form hydrogen gas Good conductors of electricity Tastes Sour
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Acids Generate Hydronium Ions HNO 3 + H 2 O H + + H 2 O + NO3 H 3 O + + NO 3
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Weak vs. Strong Acids Weak Acids do not ionize completely: Acetic, Boric, Nitrous, Phosphoric, Sulfurous Strong Acids ionize completely: Hydrochloric, Nitric; Sulfuric, Hydriodic
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Common Acids HCl- hydrochloric- stomach acid H 2 SO 4 - sulfuric acid - car batteries HNO 3 – nitric acid - explosives HC 2 H 3 O 2 - acetic acid - vinegar H 2 CO 3 - carbonic acid – sodas H 3 PO 4 - phosphoric acid -flavorings
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What is a BASE? pH greater than 7
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What is a BASE? pH greater than 7 Feels slippery
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What is a BASE? pH greater than 7 Feels slippery Tastes Bitter
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What is a BASE? pH greater than 7 Feels slippery Bitter Taste Usually forms OH - ions in solution OH - H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O H2OH2O
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What is a BASE? pH greater than 7 Feels slippery Tastes Bitter Usually forms OH - ions in solution Neutralizes acids
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What is a BASE? pH greater than 7 Feels slippery Tastes Bitter Usually forms OH - ions in solution Neutralizes acids Conducts Electricity
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Common Bases NaOH- sodium hydroxide (LYE) soaps, drain cleaner Mg (OH) 2 - magnesium hydroxide - antacids Al(OH) 3 - aluminum hydroxide - antacids, deodorants NH 4 OH - ammonium hydroxide - “ammonia”
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pH of Common Substances Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 335 HCl Gastric Juice Lemon Juice Vinegar
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pH of Common Substances Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 335 Orange Soda Apple Tomato Coffee Soil Bread Potato Urine Milk
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pH of Common Substances Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 335 Pure Water
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pH of Common Substances Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 335 Drinking Water Blood Detergents Bile Sea Water
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pH of Common Substances Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 335 Milk of Magnesia Ammonia Bleach Lye (NaOH)
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pH paper pH paper changes color to indicate a specific pH value.
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Buffers A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acids and bases are added.
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Situations in which pH is controlled “Heartburn” Planting vegetables and flowers Fish Tanks and Ponds Blood Swimming pools
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Acids and Bases in Solution HCl + H 2 0 H 3 O + + Cl - (more hydronium ions, more acidic)
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Acids and Bases in Solution HCl + H 2 0 H 3 O + + Cl - (more hydronium ions, more acidic) NaOH in water Na + + OH - (more hydroxide ions, more basic)
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Acids and Bases in Solution HCl + H 2 0 H 3 O + + Cl - (more hydronium ions, more acidic) NaOH in water Na + + OH - (more hydroxide ions, more basic) HCl + NaOH NaCl + HOH Acid + Base yields type of salt and water
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Neutralization Reaction reaction of an acid with a base to produce salt and water. Example H 2 SO4 + NaOH NaHSO 4 + H 2 O
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Acid Rain Pollution in the air (sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide) combines with water to form various acids..
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Rapid changes in pH can kill organisms in lakes and streams. can kill plants and create sinkholes
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What is a SALT? Composed of the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base. One of the products of a Neutralization Reaction Examples: KCl, NaCl, MgSO 4, Na 3 PO 4
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Acids, Bases, and Salts The End
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