1. Principles of Real Estate Engineering
Welcome to the International Right of Way Association’s
COURSE 900
Principles of Real Estate Engineering
900.R3.PPT

2. Objectives Use Engineering Scales Learn Engineering Terminology
Interpret Engineering Plans
Discuss Plan Development
900.R3.PPT

3. Schedule First Day – Interpreting Engineering Plans
Second Day – Property Descriptions
Expand Upon Fundamental Concepts in Participant Manual
Exam
900.R3.PPT

4. Right of Way Plans used by:
Appraiser
Negotiator
Attorney
Engineer/Surveyor
Value Property
Explain details Acquire Property
Present in Court
Legal Documents
Design & Construct
900.R3.PPT

5. Graphic ‘Language’ Lines Graphs Charts Symbols
Engineering Drawings
Graphic ‘Language’
Lines
Graphs
Charts
Symbols
900.R3.PPT

6. Each View is Perpendicular to Others
Three View Concept
Top View
Side View
End View
Plan View
Profile View
Cross Section
Length and Width
Height and Length
Width and Height
Each View is Perpendicular to Others
Gives 3 Dimensional Picture Of Project
900.R3.PPT

7. Top View (“Bird’s-Eye View”)
Plan View
Top View (“Bird’s-Eye View”)
Horizontal alignment of project
Shape and dimensions of Topography
900.R3.PPT

8. Plan View Dashed Line Existing Solid Line Proposed
North Arrow Orient Centerline
Symbols/Legend Pictures
900.R3.PPT

9. Plan Scale Relates Plan Distances to Actual Distances Measured level
Enables Reliable Estimated Dimensions
Determined Based on the Detail to be Shown and the Size of the Plan Sheet
900.R3.PPT

10. Inches divided into multiples of 10 per inch
Engineers Scale
Inches divided into multiples of 10 per inch
900.R3.PPT

11. Engineers Scale - Examples
Read the indicated scale like a Thermometer
900.R3.PPT

12. Divides feet into inches and fractions
Architects Scale
Divides feet into inches and fractions
900.R3.PPT

13. Specifies a ratio (e.g., 1:100)
Metric Scales
Specifies a ratio (e.g., 1:100)
900.R3.PPT

14. Exercise #1 - Scaling 137.5’ 1” = 50’ 130’ 190’ 300’ 320’ 1” = 100’
200’
310’
640’
6500’
3050’
1” = 1000’
2000’
5050’
900.R3.PPT

15. Metric Conversion Factors
1 meter = feet = inches
1 foot = meter
1 Hectare = 10,000 sq. meters = 2.47 acres
1 acre = hectare
900.R3.PPT

16. Stations Relates all dimensions Centerline – Established Control Line
Dimensioned in 100 foot increments called Stations
Directions – Back, Ahead, Left, Right
900.R3.PPT

17. Stationing Usually progresses from West to East or South to North
Numbered (1+00, 2+00, 3+00 …)
Intermediate points are called “Pluses”(+)
Distances between Stations:
Numerical difference
5,280 feet = 1 mile
900.R3.PPT

18. Station Equations/Equalities
Used when stationing is not continuous
Point has two station numbers
Actual distance between stations
Add individual segment lengths
900.R3.PPT

19. Exercise #2 – Station Equations
1. Project Length
2,368 feet = 0.45 miles = rods
Ending Station
312+66
3. A-B= B-C=
A-C= A-C=
7,116 feet
4,787 feet
11,903 feet
2.25 miles A
94+00 C
225+00 BK AH B
900.R3.PPT

20. Exercise #2 – Station Equations
4. A-B= B-C= C-D=
A-D=
250 feet
630 feet
900 feet
1,780 feet
= miles
11+75 AH B
14+50 BK D A
C AH
18+05 BK
900.R3.PPT

21. Distances Perpendicular to Centerline
Station and Offset
Distances Perpendicular to Centerline
Left or Right
Locate any Point by Specifying Station and Offset
900.R3.PPT

22. Exercise #3 – Stations & Offsets
Power Pole #1 o
29’
74+00
75+00
72’
76+00
44’
46’
1. Power Pole #1:
75+72,
29’ Lt o
Power Pole #2
2. Power Pole #2:
76+44,
46’ Rt
3. Span:
105’
900.R3.PPT

23. Exercise #3 – Stations & Offsets
Power Pole #1 o
65’
74+00
90’
75+00
76+00
60’
57’ o
Power Pole #2
4. Plot Trees
5. Distance Between Trees:
126 feet
900.R3.PPT

24. Exercise #3 – Stations & Offsets
Power Pole #1 o
60’
74+00
X X X X X X X X X
75+00
76+00
20’
80’
25’ o
Power Pole #2
6. Plot Fence
900.R3.PPT

25. Highway Curves – Changes in DirectionPI T T
T - Tangent - Straight Section of Centerline
PI - Point of Intersection
D - Delta Angle - Deflection Angle
900.R3.PPT

26. Simple Curve PC - Point of Curvature PT - Point of TangencyPI D PC PT
PT - Point of Tangency L
POC
L - Length of Curve
POT
R - Radius R
POC - Point on Curve 
POT - Point on Tangent
900.R3.PPT

27. Compound Curve Two Curves, Adjacent, Same Direction Different Radii
PCC - Point of Compound Curvature
900.R3.PPT

28. Reverse Curve Two Curves, Adjacent, Opposite Directions
PRC - Point of Reverse Curvature
Has 2 PIs
900.R3.PPT

29. Exercise #4 – Highway Curves
1. Top View:
Plan
2. Side View:
Profile
3. End View:
Cross Section
4. Curve With Constant Radius:
Simple Curve
900.R3.PPT

30. Exercise #4 – Highway Curves
5. Two Curves, Same Direction:
Compound Curve
6. Two Curves, Opposite Direction:
Reverse Curve
900.R3.PPT

31. Exercise #4 – Highway Curves
7. PC:
Point of Curvature
PT:
Point of Tangency
PI:
Point of Intersection
PRC:
Point of Reverse Curvature
PCC:
Point of Compound Curvature L:
Length of Curve
900.R3.PPT

32. Exercise #4 – Highway Curves
Radius
Rt:
Right of Centerline
Lt:
Left of Centerline
POC:
Point on Curve
POT:
Point on Tangent C:
Chord
900.R3.PPT

33. Contours Lines of Equal Elevation on Plan View
Shows Shape and Slope of Land
Close Lines = Steep Slope
Contours Point Up Stream
Elevations Labeled Each 5th Line
Contour Interval
Vertical Distance Between Contours
900.R3.PPT

34. Exercise #5 – Contours 1. “A”= “B”= 1245’ 1230’ “C” = 1230’ 2. “A-B”=
15’
“A-C”=
15’
“B-C”= 0’
3. Hill Elevation:
1282’
4. “C” is:
Flatter -
Contour Spacing
5. Stream Flows:
Northeast
900.R3.PPT

35. Pipeline Plan View
900.R3.PPT

36. Overhead Electric Plan View
900.R3.PPT

37. Highway Plan View
900.R3.PPT

38. Plan View Summary Aerial (Birds Eye) View Alignment
Details Right (Rt) and Left (Lt) of Centerline
900.R3.PPT

39. Profile View Side View Elevations On Centerline Only
Existing and Proposed
Length and Height (Elevations)
900.R3.PPT

40. Profile View Horizontal Scale: Shows Distance Same Scale as Plan View
Vertical Scale: Shows Elevations
Exaggerated For Clarity
900.R3.PPT

41. Datum Bench Mark Basis for all Plan Elevations Example: Mean Sea Level
Point of Known Elevation
Used for Vertical Control of Project
900.R3.PPT

42. Profile Grade Line Proposed Final Centerline Elevations
Percent Grade %Grade = (V/H) x 100
Rate (%) of Elevation Change
Rise (+) or Fall (-)
900.R3.PPT

43. Vertical Highway Curves
Curved Portion of Profile
Smooth Transition Between Tangents
Parabolic Curves
Through Dip – Sag
Over Top of Hill – Crest
900.R3.PPT

44. Vertical Highway Curves
Terminology
PVC – Point of Vertical Curve
PVI – Point of Vertical Intersection
PVT – Point of Vertical Tangency
L – Length Of Curve
900.R3.PPT

45. Plan-Profile Sheet Contains Both Plan and Profile Views
Plan View – On Top Half Sheet
Profile View – On Bottom Half Sheet
900.R3.PPT

46. Underground Example
900.R3.PPT

47. Overhead Electric Example
900.R3.PPT

48. Highway Example
900.R3.PPT

49. Cross-Section View: End View
Perpendicular to Centerline
In Ahead Direction
Existing and Proposed Elevations at Specific Stations
Left and Right of Centerline
900.R3.PPT

50. Cross-Section View Shows Effect on Adjacent Property
Shows Cut and Fill
Construction Limits
Ditch Elevations
900.R3.PPT

51. Cross-Section View Superelevation Cross-Section Sheet
Sloping Pavement Counters Centrifugal Force
Cross-Section Sheet
Looking Ahead, Up the Sheet
Always Verify Scale
900.R3.PPT

52. Exercise #6 – Cross-Section
900.R3.PPT

53. Exercise #6 – Cross-Section
1. Fill
0 Feet
2. Cut, Ditch Lt.
21 Feet
3. Pavement Width
24 Feet
55’ Lt, 52’ Rt
4. Dist To C. Limits
5. Shoulder Width
10’ Lt, 12’ Rt
6. To Guardrail
9 Feet
7. Length Of Pipe
80 Feet
8. Road Curving
Left
900.R3.PPT

54. Pipeline Typical Cross-Section
900.R3.PPT

55. Overhead Cross-Section
Height and Width
Wire Spacing
Bracing Detail
Clearance
Foundation Detail
900.R3.PPT

56. Highway Cross-Sections
900.R3.PPT

57. Overhead Utility Plans
900.R3.PPT

58. Pipeline Utility Plans
900.R3.PPT

59. Highway Construction Plans
Photographic Reproduction
Scale Errors
Always Verify Scale
Half Size Plans = Double Scale
Bar Graph Preferable
900.R3.PPT

60. Highway Construction Plans
Title Sheet
Agency Name
Project Type And Length
Project Identification
Sheet Index
Scales Used
Utilities Encountered
900.R3.PPT

61. Highway Construction Plans
Schematic Plan
Overall Detailed Scope of Project
Roads, Railroads, Towns, Survey Data, Bridge Locations, Project Terminus
900.R3.PPT

62. Highway Construction Plans
Typical Sections
End View - Completed Shape and Dimensions
Design Features
Pavement Thickness and Type
Berm and Pavement Width and Slope
Superelevation Details
900.R3.PPT

63. Highway Construction Plans
General Summary
Clarify Construction Details
Provides Information not Presentable in Graphic Form
900.R3.PPT

64. Highway Construction Plans
General Summary
Total Construction Pay Item Quantities
Used to Prepare Cost Estimate and Bid Submission
900.R3.PPT

65. Exercise #7 – Construction Plans
1. Overall Scope
Schematic Plan
2. End View
Cross-Section
3. North Arrow
Plan
Profile
4. Exaggerated Scale
5. Quantities/Items
Gen’l Summary
6. Ditch Elevations
Cross-Sections
7. Cut/Fill
Profile & X-Sects
8. Location/Type/Name
Title
900.R3.PPT

66. Exercise #7 – Construction Plans
9. Details
General Notes
10. Correct Scales:
40’
1”= 20’ ” =
10’
1”= 5’ ” =
100’
1”= 50’ ” =
20’
1”= ” =
900.R3.PPT

67. Plan–Profile Sheet Plan View (Top of Page) North Arrow - Orient Plan
Centerline and Stations
Detailed Information
Contour Lines
900.R3.PPT

68. Plan–Profile Sheet Profile View Centerline Elevations
Horizontal Scale Same as Plan View
Exaggerated Vertical Scale
900.R3.PPT

69. Exercise #8 – Plan Profile Sheet
900.R3.PPT

70. Exercise #8 – Plan Profile Sheet
1. Distance
2590 Feet
2. Plan Scale: 1” =
660 Feet
3. Length/Dia.
100’, 20”
4 Feet
4. Minimum Cover
900.R3.PPT

71. Exercise #8 – Plan Profile Sheet
5. Depth of Cover
5 Feet
6. Work Area Width
100 Feet
7. Datum
Elevation
Spike in 14” Oak
900.R3.PPT

72. Exercise #8 – Plan Profile Sheet
8. Crosses Highway
3 Times
N12°-42’E Line 2
9. Spans
481’ & 488’
10. Lengths
900.R3.PPT

73. Exercise #8 – Plan Profile Sheet
11. Plan Scale: 1”=
50’
13. Max. New R/W
(PT), 120’
12. Width of R/W
25’ (s)
14. Channel Change R/W
20’
900.R3.PPT

74. Exercise #8 – Plan Profile Sheet
15. Curve Length
300’
Delta Angle
18 degrees Left
16. Property Owners
Smith & Wilson
17. PVIs
21+50 & 25+50
900.R3.PPT

75. Cross-Sections Original Ground & Completed Pavement Elevations
Usually 50’ or 100’ Intervals
Ditches, Embankment and Excavation
900.R3.PPT

76. Cross-Sections
Looking Ahead, Up Sheet
900.R3.PPT

77. Construction Plan Summary
All Three Views (Plan, Profile, Cross-Sections) Used Together
Provides Complete 3D Picture of Project
900.R3.PPT

78. Right of Way Plans Purpose: Property Boundaries and Dimensions
Areas and Rights to be Acquired
Information Required for Property Descriptions
Establish Right of Way Limits
900.R3.PPT

79. Right of Way Plans –Title Sheet
Similar or Same as Construction Plans
900.R3.PPT

80. Right of Way Plans Centerline Plat Major Geographic Features
Filed for Record
900.R3.PPT

81. Property Maps Overview of all properties
Similar to Photograph or Tax Map
Land Hook ( ) Indicates Same Ownership
900.R3.PPT

82. Summary Sheet Parcel Tabulation / Ownership Index
Name and Parcel Number List
Recording Information (Deed Book and Page Number)
Areas – Existing, Taken, and Remaining
900.R3.PPT

83. Detail Sheet Plat of Subject Parcel (Property Plat)
Shows Acquisition Detail
Used to:
Prepare Property Appraisals
Calculate Area of Parcel
Write Legal Descriptions
900.R3.PPT

84. Exercise #9 – Right of Way Plans
1. Project goes
West to East
2. Properties
4 or 5
3. a. 26D
Drainage - Gum
b. 27R
R/W - Gray
c. 29
CA/RW - Smith
900.R3.PPT

85. Exercise #9 – Right of Way Plans
4. a. Gum
7.4 Ac
b. Gray
10.7 Ac
c. Smith
3.0 Ac
d. Lanham
23.3 Ac
900.R3.PPT

86. Exercise #9 – Right of Way Plans
5. a. Pool Taken? No
b. Interesting?
Not on Property
c. Taken? No
6. Trees? 6
7. Station / Offset of Corners
164’ Lt
340+74
151’ Lt
348+29
122’ Rt
347+30
900.R3.PPT

87. Interpreting Engineering Plans
Summary:
Interpreting Engineering Plans
Basic Skill Learned
Read and Interpret Engineering Plans
Engineering Plans
Lines, Symbols, Dimensions
Three View Concept
Plan, Profile & Cross-Sections
Scale Depends on Detail and Paper Size
900.R3.PPT

88. Interpreting Engineering Plans
Summary:
Interpreting Engineering Plans
Centerlines, Stations and Offsets
Locate Details and Points
Horizontal Highway Curves
Simple, Reverse, Compound
Vertical Highway Curves
Sag, Crest
Curve Nomenclature
900.R3.PPT

89. Interpreting Engineering Plans
Summary:
Interpreting Engineering Plans
Right of Way Plans
Information to Acquire Property to Construct Project
Construction Plans
Details for Construction Project
900.R3.PPT

90. Compass Bearings
Line Direction in Degrees, Minutes & Seconds from N/S Line
Four Cardinal (Main) Directions
Due North Lines are Labeled “N”
Due East Lines are Labeled “E”
Due South Lines are Labeled “S”
Due West Lines are Labeled “W”
900.R3.PPT

91. Compass Bearings 1 Degree (°) = 60 Minutes 1 Minute = 60 Seconds
4 Quadrants: NE, SE, SW, NW
Each Contains 90°
S 15° E Same as N 15° W
900.R3.PPT

92. Exercise #10 – Bearings N36°30’E S36°30’W N43°30’E S43°30’W N57°00’Wd.
N57°00’W
S57°00’E
N71°00’W
S71°00’E
900.R3.PPT

93. Exercise #10 – Bearings N68°00’E S48°45’W S25°00’E N28°00’W 1.a. b. c.d.
S25°00’E
N28°00’W
900.R3.PPT

94. Assignment Complete Exercises 1 - 10 Answer Self-Study Questions
900.R3.PPT