1. Do Now
“The word renaissance means rebirth. This stood for the rebirth of European greatness rather than chaos. This was the time in history that Europe was pulled out of the dark ages.”
Aim- What is the renaissance?
Term to know- Humanism

2. Renaissance in Europe:
Starts in Italy, focus on individual, rebirth in antiquity (INTEREST IN GREEK AND ROMAN IDEAS),
Humanism
Artists focus on realism, human emotion, and perspective
Artists of the Renaissance include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael

3. Protestant Reformation:
started by Martin Luther because he was against the sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church
Martin Luther writes his 95 Theses
Luther refuses to recant his views
Christianity breaks into many different denominations
Catholic Church starts Counter-Reformation to clean up the Catholic Church
Ends religious unity in Europe

4. Martin Luther German Monk 1500s
95 Theses protest RCC corruption; sale of indulgences
Vernacular
Reformation occurs
Council of Trent

5. Printing Press
Johann Gutenberg develops printing press for western Europe
Books become cheaper
Number of books increase
Literacy and education increases in western Europe

9. Closure Explain the Neolithic Revolution
Compare and contrast the views of the afterlife between Mesopotamia and Egypt. Give reasons how the floods had an effect on this.
Compare and contrast the geography of Italy and Greece?
Explain the term ethnocentric, and explain how the Chinese were known to be this way?

10. In 5-6 sentences explain the difference between the geography of Greece and Rome
In 5-6 sentences explain the geography of china and how they were ethnocentric

11. Gupta Tang and Song Byzantine Early Russia Japan Korea Mongols
Global Review
Gupta Tang and Song Byzantine Early Russia Japan Korea Mongols

12. Writing Prompt P1- Neolithic revolution- why settle down
P2- Egypt- rivers, beliefs, natural barriers
P3- Mesopotamia-rivers, beliefs, natural barriers
P4- India-rivers, beliefs, natural barriers
P5- China-rivers, beliefs, natural barriers

13. Do Now
“Absolute rulers were kings who had total power. They got this power from claiming divine right. Divine right to rule can be claimed by a ruler. This gives them the explanation that god gives them the right to rule”
Aim- Who are some divine right monarchs?

14. Final Exam Today
“The Neolithic revolution changed the world by starting farming, domesticating animals and causing people to settle down. This also led to people settling down by rivers so they could use the rich fertile soil for farming.”
Study for final- limited time
50 multiple choice- 5 short answers

15. “Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro are two cities of India
“Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro are two cities of India. They show that India had well planned cities that are similar to a present day city. This proved that these cities had good urban planning”
Aim- Complete final exam

16. Do Now
“China was surrounded by natural barriers. These natural barriers caused China to become ethnocentric which means that they thought their ethnicity was better than everyone else”
Aim- Finish Final Exam

17. Global Review Tang and Song Dynasties of China Expand trade
Form tributary states
Used Confucianism
Peasants were ranked higher than merchants
Calligraphy
Porcelain

18. Global Review Gupta Empire – Golden Age of India
Influenced by Hinduism
Expanded Caste System
Advances in Math and Medicine
Cave paintings at Ajunta
Decimal System
Concept of Zero

19. Japan:
Geography – archipelago (chain of islands), mountainous, located in “ring of fire”, many volcanoes and earthquakes caused tsunamis
Irregular coastline created many natural harbors
Mountains caused a weak central government which led to feudalism
Tsunamis and earthquakes caused people to worship the forces of nature, which led to religion of Shintoism
Samurai followed a code of conduct called bushido, similar to chivalry followed by European knights
Early Japan was influenced by China and Korea

20. Global Review
Japanese Art

21. Global Review Korea Located on a peninsula
Located between China and Japan
Known as a Cultural Bridge between China and Japan
Becomes known as Hermit Kingdom
Location influences Korea’s history

22. Global Review Mongols Start out as nomadic tribes on steppes of Asia
United by Genghis Khan
Excel at warfare and horseback riding
Create huge empire
Pax Mongolia- golden age
Isolate Russia and Mongol absolute rule serves as a model for later Russian rulers
Golden Horde – Mongol Rule in Russia
Mughal India – Mongol rule in India under Akbar the Great
Yuan Dynasty – Mongol rule in China under Kublai Khan
Mongols encourage trade on Silk Road
Safety of empire allows for travels of Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta

23. Global Review
Mongol Empire

24. Global Review Ottoman Empire 1453 – Ottoman conquer Byzantine Empire
Change name of Constantinople to Istanbul
Control trade in eastern Mediterranean Sea
Laid siege on Vienna
Reach a golden age under leadership of Suleiman
Law based on Muslim law called Sharia
Weakened in late 1800s and early 1900s
Nicknamed “Sick Old Man of Europe”

25. Columbus, Cortes, Pizarro
Explorers Conquistadors for Spain s
Columbian Exchange
Trans Atlantic Slave Trade
Commercial Revolution

26. The americas The Americas were only used to make money for Spain
Slaves were used to work in the Americas, first natives, then Africans were used.
The middle passage was the voyage from Africa to the Americas
Columbian Exchange- the exchange of things from Europe-> Africa-> Americas

27. Absolutism Absolute rulers were in Spain, France and Russia
England had the Magna Carta and Parliament, which limited the kings power. This caused England to have a limited monarchy

28. Global Review Early Russia Heavily influenced by Byzantine Empire
Isolated by Mongol invasions
Develop Cyrillic Alphabet from Byzantine Monks
Orthodox Christians
Ivan the Great and Ivan the Terrible – BOTH ABSOLUTE RULERS
Peter the Great and Catherine the Great both wanted to modernize/westernize and wanted warm water port

29. Louis XIV French Absolute Monarch “I AM THE STATE” Sun King
Divine Right Monarch
Palace of Versailles**
Power without limits

30. Mongols Nomadic group from Asian steppes United by Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan instills strict military discipline and uses Mongols skill at horseback riding to create a land empire from China to Eastern Europe
Kublai Khan takes over China and creates Yuan Dynasty
Pax Mongolia – time of peace and stability in Mongolian Empire
Mongol expansion across Asia and Europe led to rise in trade along Silk Road
Pax Mongolia helped expose Europe to Asian ideas and helped develop a middle class in Europe

31. Gupta Empire Golden Age of India Made advances in math and medicine
Developed concept of zero and decimal system
Used Sanskirit language
Expanded the caste system
Caste System – rigid social structure based on occupation and race hat limited social mobility in India

32. Global Review Byzantine Empire Eastern portion of Roman Empire
Preserved Greek and Roman Culture
Capital city – Constantinople – located on key trade route between Asia and Europe
Justinian’s Code = Law Codes
Icons
Orthodox Christian Church
Mosaics
Hagia Sophia
Taken over by Ottoman in 1453

33. Directions- list 5 key words with each question
1-Compare and contrast the views of the afterlife between Mesopotamia and Egypt. Give reasons how the floods had an effect on this.
2-Compare and contrast the geography of Italy and Greece.?
3-Explain the term ethnocentric, and explain how the Chinese were known to be this way?
4-Explain what an absolute ruler is and how they ruled?
5-Explain the Neolithic Revolution and how it changed the world?
6-Describe life during the Middle Ages.

34. 5-11 Focus: 1
The Neolithic Revolution is a major turning point in human history. Agriculture and the domestication of animals provided an alternative to hunting/ gathering which led to the formation of permanent settlements
Do Now:
What is a revolution?
Term to know-Agriculture

35. EARLY PEOPLE
-Mary Leakey believes human life began in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa
The first people lived in the Paleolithic Era.
-Paleolithic people were nomads (hunters and gatherers)
-This time period was known as prehistory because it was before written records.

36. Neolithic Revolution
The Neolithic Revolution was a great turning point in history.
This event started farming, the domestication of animals, and small villages that eventually grew into cities and large civilizations.

37. Impacts of Neolithic Revolution – Permanent Settlements, New Social Classes, New Technology, Basic Economic Structures

38. Eight Features (Characteristics) of Civilization
Cities
Government
Organized Religion
Art/Architecture
Public Works
Specialized Jobs
Writing
Social Classes

39. Closure
In 5-6 sentences explain the life of a nomad during the Paleolithic Age
In 5-6 sentences explain life after the Neolithic Revolution

40. Focus
“Egypt is located on the continent of Africa. It has the desert as a natural barrier that keeps it secluded from the rest of the world and keeps their culture unique”
Do Now- What is Egypt surrounded by??
Term to know- Cultural diffusion
Copy whiteboard in notebook

41. River Valley Civilizations
Egypt (Nile River)
Mesopotamia (Tigris and Euphrates Rivers) – includes Sumer and Babylon
India (Ganges and Indus Rivers)
China (Huang He and Yangzi Rivers)
Reasons they developed near rivers:
Fertile soil
Water supply supports irrigation for crops
Allow people to produce their own food
These areas had a climate that supported the growth of civilizations

42. Egypt Geography of Egypt Located on the continent of Africa
Developed near the Nile River
Nile river provides EVERYTHING
Constant floods allowed fertile soil to support civilization

43. Egypt continued Predictable flooding- they know its coming
good view of afterlife- loved the gods
Natural barriers- desert blocks Egypt and creates a unique culture
Hieroglyphics- Egyptian writing
Pyramids- Tombs for Pharoahs

44. Closure In 5-6 sentences explain the geography of Egypt
In 5-6 sentences explain how flooding effects Egypt

45. Do Now 3
“Mesopotamia is known as the land between two rivers. The two rivers that surround Mesopotamia are the Tigris and Euphrates. This gives the area fertile soil. Mesopotamia also lacks natural barriers”
Aim- What is a negative thing about lacking natural barriers
Term to know- Cuneiform

46. Mesopotamia Geography of Mesopotamia- in the middle east
Developed near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
Had fertile soil and good climate to support civilization
Lack of natural barriers- caused positive and negative cultural diffusion
Cultural diffusion is the exchanging of ideas (trade, migration and war)

47. Mesopotamia continued
Unpredictable flooding- never knew when they might come
Led to a bad view of the afterlife (Dark and scary gods)
Cuneiform- Sumerian writing
Ziggurats- temples to the gods
Rosetta stone- translated hieroglyphics

48. Hammurabi Babylonian King Law Codes “Eye for Eye”
Not equal amongst classes

49. Closure In 5-6 sentences explain the geography of Sumer/Mesopotamia
In 5-6 sentences explain the flooding in Mesopotamia

50. Do Now
“Two rivers in China were the Yang Zi and the Huang He. The Huang He was also called the river of sorrow because of the unpredictable floods and the yellow river because of loess (yellow soil) that turned the river yellow.”
Aim- Why were rivers in China important?
Term to know- Ethnocentric

51. China Geography of China
Developed near the Huang He (Yellow) and Yangtze Rivers
Natural barriers-China was isolated by mountains and deserts
Ethnocentric-Viewed other cultures as barbarians

52. China continued Showed ethnocentrism by building the Great wall
Had silk road to trade on with Europe, but did not want European goods
Would not allow Europeans to visit because they didn’t want them influencing their people
Influenced Korea and Japan

53. Zheng He Chinese Explorer early 1400s Ming Dynasty
Extend water trade network to include India and East Africa
Ming went into isolation

54. Closure
In 5-6 sentences explain the geography of China and why this caused them to be ethnocentric

55. Do Now
“India relies on monsoons to survive. A monsoon is a big gust of wind that brings rain to the area. This rain is responsible for giving India fertile land and helping the population grow”
Aim- Why are Monsoons important to India?
Term to know- Peninsula

56. India Geography of India
Is a subcontinent- means it juts out below the continent of Asia
Developed near the Indus and Ganges Rivers
Geographic features: Himalaya Mountains and Hindu Kush mountains kept them isolated
Monsoons- Gust of wind that brings rain

57. India continued Khyber pass- only way to India before sea travel
3 regions of India
Northern plains- Many rivers makes it the best place to live in India
Deccan plateau- Dry Arid land (desert)
Coastal plains- trade and fishing

58. People of India
Asoka-known as the philosopher king of India
Was once a harsh ruler with strict punishment, but after a terrible war he turned to Buddhism
Preached religious tolerance

59. Explain the Paleolithic age Explain the Neolithic revolution
On a separate sheet of paper answer the following questions with as much detail as possible
Explain the Paleolithic age
Explain the Neolithic revolution
Explain the geography of Egypt and how the rivers effected the afterlife
Explain the geography of Mesopotamia and how the rivers effected the afterlife
Explain the geography of China and how this caused them to be ethnocentric

60. Closure
Explain the Khyber pass
Explain the geography of India

61. Do Now
“The Silk Road help China trade to many different parts of the world. At first they traded silk, but eventually they started selling many Chinese goods. This caused cultural diffusion”
Aim- notecard quiz today

62. Key Terms and Vocabulary:
Prehistory, nomads, cultural diffusion, polytheistic, ethnocentric, cuneiform, Code of Hammurabi, Caste System, Dynastic Cycle, Mandate of Heaven, feudalism, bureaucracy, Asoka, Silk Road, Han Dynasty, Shi Huangdi, Qin Dynasty, Gupta Empire, Traditional Economy. Hieroglyphics

63. 6
“Christianity and Judaism have many similarities and differences. They are both Monotheistic, have a holy book and follow the rules of the Ten Commandments. The main differences is the role Jesus played in starting Christianity”
Aim- How does Christianity hurt Rome?
missionaries

64. Religions- People of the book
Judaism –starts in Middle East
founder was Abraham
Monotheistic- belief in one god
Ten Commandments- rules to follow
Torah- holy book
huge impact on Israel

65. Christianity –
starts in Middle East
founder was Jesus
Monotheistic- believe in one god
Ten Commandments-rules to follow
Believe Jesus is Messiah
Bible- holy book
huge impact on Western Europe

66. Islam
– starts in Middle East
Founder was Muhammad
Monotheistic- believe in one god
Five Pillars- guidelines
Quran- holy book
Mosque- house of worship
-huge impact on Middle East

67. Closure Explain the religion of Judaism
Explain the religion of Christianity
Explain the religion of Islam

68. Do Now
“Hinduism is a religion in India that has no single founder. It is a mix of many beliefs that the Aryan people left behind. Hinduism also follows the caste system, which is based on occupation and race”
Aim- In Hinduism, what is the Caste system based on?
Term to know- Reincarnation

69. BELIEF SYSTEMS
Hinduism – starts in India, no single founder, Polytheistic, caste system, reincarnation, karma, dharma, Vedas, Upanishads, Brahman, huge impact on India
Buddhism – starts in India, foundar was Siddhartha Guatama, Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path, REJECT THE CASTE SYSTEM, reincarnation, karma, dharma, nirvana, huge impact on China

70. Shintoism –starts in Japan, worship of forces of nature, influenced by geographic features, huge impact on Japan
Animism – practiced by many people in prehistory, all things in nature have a spirit, similar to Shintoism in Japan, huge impact on ancient Africa

71. Daoism – starts in China, best government governs least, want to be at one with nature, huge impact on China
Legalism- strict laws harsh punishment, believed people were born bad
Confucianism – starts in China, founder was Confucius, society shapes you, government should rule by example, give respect, get respect, people born good

72. KEY PEOPLE AND TERMS
Animism, brahman, reincarnation, karma, dharma, Upanishads, monotheistic, polytheistic, Messiah, hijra, hajj, missionaries, diaspora, Sharia, Jesus, Confucius, Laozi, Muhammad, Abraham, Siddhartha Guatama, Four Noble Truths, Five Pillars, Eightfold Path, Five Relationships, Filial Piety, Diaspora, Ten Commandments, Covenant

73. Do Now
“Greece is broken up into many small independent city states. This made it difficult for Greek city states to unite with each other. Mountains and valleys also served as natural barriers to the Greeks.”
Aim- How do natural barriers of Greece affect its growth?
Term to know- Isolated

74. Greece located in southeastern Europe
made up of many mountains, isolate valleys, and small islands
irregular coastline
Greeks created small city –states (city-states also known as polis) due to the fact that islands were separate from each other

75. Major city-states Athens and Sparta
Athens develops democracy- government ruled by the people
Athens values a well-rounded education
Athens reaches golden age under leadership of Pericles
Sparta values military
Sparta develops oligarchy- government ruled by few

76. Greece continued Greek Philosophers – Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
Greek Philosophers use observation and rationale thought to explain the world
Greek architecture developed use of columns
Greek paintings and sculpture focused on idealism and realism

77. Alexander the Great Macedonian/Greek 300 B.C.
Master of Cultural Diffusion
Hellenistic Culture
Greek, Persian, Indian, and Egyptian Cultures

78. 9
“Rome’s biggest contribution was its law codes. Roman law still exists today and is used throughout the world. If it wasn’t for Roman law our justice system would be very different than it was today.”
What is a republic?
Term to know- Senate

79. Rome
located near the center of Italy on a peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea
few natural barriers- helped it expand from city state to empire
start off as a Republic (a representative government)
most powerful governing body in Roman Republic was the Senate

80. Rome continued Patricians- rich Romans Plebeians- poor Romans
Laws of the Twelve Tables
Easily becomes an Empire
Pax Romana – 200 years of peace and stability

81. Rome continued Develop an advance system of roads- trade
Romans develop architectural idea of the arch
Copy many aspects of Greek culture
Most important contribution was legal system
Develop aqueducts
Fell due to outside invaders, slaves and bad rulers

82. Byzantine Empire
eastern portion of Roman Empire becomes Byzantine Empire
develop Greek Eastern Orthodox Christianity
capital city = Constantinople
located on key trade route between Asia and Europe
Justinian becomes autocrat
Justinian’s Code- laws
Hagia Sophia- showed Byzantine greatness
Preserved Greek and Roman ideas

83. Key Terms and People:
Pericles, polis, direct democracy, oligarchy, irregular coastline, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, aristocracy, Republic, Centralized Government, Senate, Pax Romana, Diocletian, Julius Caesar, Patrician, Plebian, Laws of the Twelve Tables, Autocrat, Justinian, Justinian’s Code, Hagia Sophia, Hippodrome, Alexander the Great, Hellenistic Civilization, icons, mosaic, Great Schism

84. Do Now
“The fall of Rome didn’t happen overnight. Rome was hit with many years of corruption, invasions and bad rulers. All these factors slowly caused the Roman empire to collapse, and this threw Europe into the dark ages”
Aim- Why did Rome fall
Term to know- Mercenaries

85. Middle Ages in Europe
period of poverty, conflict and disunity caused by fall of Rome
feudalism – characterized by a weak central government and an exchange of land for military service
Serfs were peasants who took care of the land.
Life began to improve during Agricultural Revolution with the use of the three field system and iron plow

86. Middle Ages Continued Church was the only positive thing people had
Crusades – holy wars between Christians and Muslims
Christians wanted to defend the Holy Land, gain forgiveness for their sins, desired wealth from Middle East
Crusades brought western Europeans out of isolation and exposed them to new technology
Crusades caused an increase in religious conflict and exposed Europeans to new diseases such as the Black Death

87. Black Death (Bubonic Plague) – diseased carried by fleas on rats, traveled along trade routes, caused a shortage of workers, caused the economy to collapse, weakened the Roman Catholic Church