1. The Jackson Heart Study— Graduate Training and Education Center- Daniel Hale Williams Scholar Program Orientation and Research Camp- April 14-17, 2014 Research Design Clifton C. Addison, Ph.D., Jackson Heart Study, Jackson, Mississippi

2. Beginning with Statistics What is statistics?  Sample—representative of population  Population—target group of interest

3. Two Types of Statistics Descriptive Statistics Characteristics of Groups (frequency/percentage, means, standard deviations) Inferential Statistics Exploring how variables relate to each other

4. Hypothesis Testing  Any research study---answer questions  Differences—groups on variables  Relationship, association, correlation--variables  Hypothesis of difference  Hypothesis of association

5. Example of Descriptive Statistics-- Diabetes Related Deaths In Mississippi

6. Example of Inferential Statistics- -- ANOVA Table

7. Types of Research Designs  Quantitative – numbers, measurement— measurement of quantity or amount—using numbers to measure performance, behaviors, attitudes, status etc.  Qualitative—human behaviors and habits-- observation- exploring a subject in depth, generate ideas---seeks to understand social phenomena from the viewpoints of those being studied.

8. Quantitative Design  Descriptive—Characteristics  Correlation—relationship, association  Post facto/causal comparative-cause-effect  Experimental—cause-effect, manipulation Quasi-experimental—cause-effect-no manipulation

9. Qualitative Design  Focus Groups  Case Studies  Historical Studies  Ethnographical Studies  Phenomenological Studies -interviews, survey designs - not dependent upon sample size, unique, and not easily replicated

10. Deciding Between Quantitative and Qualitative  Based on aims and objectives---within the research question/hypothesis

11. Components of the Research Design Section  Sample—procedure for selecting group-- recruitment of participants  Instrument– means of data collection-- conducting clinical examinations-- Conducting survey interviews with participants  Statistical Analysis—test (process) for examining the data

12. Questions??  Thank You!!