1. America Expands
Moving West

2. Rapid Expansion Population growth Growth of cities Western cities
New Orleans and Chicago
Increased Immigration
Germans and Irish

3. Immigration Growth Irish Immigrants Potato Famine Black Forties
Immigrated to US
Uneducated
Poor
Catholic
Treatment
Worst, lowest paying jobs
Determined and hard working

4. Immigration Growth German Immigrants, “Forty-eighters” Movement West
German Revolution
Movement West
Wisconsin
Characteristics
Lutheran
Drank Beer
Anti-slavery
Preserved culture

5. Nativist Reaction American born/Anti- immigrant Criticisms
Poor, uneducated, Catholic, low wages
Know-Nothings
Order of the Star Spangled Banner
Violence and discrimination based on sensationalism.

6. Problems with Catholics
Relations b/t Catholics and Protestants

7. Industrial Revolution
Successful in US
Cheap land
Workers
Immigrants
Raw materials.
Consumers
New Labor
Wage Slaves
Women

8. Women in the Workforce Nursing, domestic service and Teaching
Women in the factory
Single
Young
Lived together near factory
Strictly controlled
Poor working conditions
Lowell, Massachusetts
Textile factories
Early adopter of women in factories

9. Chapter 14 Review: Summarize and answer the following questions:
How does the image of the frontier compare with the reality of pioneer life as described in the chapter? Describe image and reality.
Review the push factors that forced Europeans (specifically the Irish and Germans) from their home countries. What were the pull factors that attracted them to the United States? Why was the United States more appealing than other locations for European immigrants?
Which technological innovation was most important for early-nineteenth-century economic development?
What effects did the movement from a subsistence to a market economy have on American society, including farmers, laborers, and women? What were the advantages and disadvantages of the change?

10. Western Frontier
Image of the West
Reality

11. European Immigrants in the US
Push Factors
Pull Factors

12. Technological Innovations
Importance

13. Move to the Market
Subsistence
Market
Farmers
Laborers
Women

14. Ch. 15 Review
What particular qualities did Evangelical religion give to the early American culture? Why did so many of its energies move toward the reform of society? Were there elements of American religion that resisted the reform impulse?
How important is a free public education to a republic? If it is important, why then was early education so poor? If it is not important, why did it begin? Do you agree that public education was "an insurance premium that the wealthy paid for stability and democracy," as the authors assert? Is it important to a republic to have compulsory public education?
Were the cult of domesticity and the rise of the child-centered family signs of an improvement or a restriction on women’s status and condition? Was the new family a progressive reflection of American democratic ideals, or a restriction on them?
Why did America produce so many reform and utopian movements? What did they contribute to American culture?
What made women such prominent leaders in the religious and reform movements? How did the women’s rights movement compare with the other movements of the period? What obstacles did women reformers face? Why did women often have more difficulty working on their own behalf than they did advocating other causes?

15. Second Great Awakening
Qualities of Evangelical Religion-
Linked to Reform-
Anti-Reform-

16. Public Education Free Education? Compulsory Education? Purpose
Who Pays
Quality
Compulsory Education?

17. Women at Home Cult of Domesticity Child Centered Family Improvement?
Restriction?
Child Centered Family

18. Reform and Utopias Reform Contribution? Utopian Movement Contribution?1. 2. 3.
Utopian Movement Contribution?

19. Women in Movements Women involved in Reform Women’s Rights movement
Obstacles to success