1. Chapter 8

2. Atom- the smallest particle of matter that has the properties of that matter

3. boiling point- temperature where a liquid changes rapidly to a gas
Not all of them are the same. Some boiling points (in degrees Fahrenheit) are:
water: 212
tar: 572
propane: -45
ammonia: -28.1
jet fuel: 325
mercury: 675.1
olive oil: 570

4. chemical property- ability of a material to change its chemical makeup
Some chemical properties are:
Reactivity against other chemical substances
Heat of combustion
Enthalpy of formation
Toxicity
Chemical stability in a given environment
Flammability
Preferred oxidation state(s)
Coordination number
The chemical property of materials helps us identify them. We know how things behave when we make them go through a change, such as burning. How they react when we change them is their chemical property. A chemical property of ammonia is that when you mix it with bleach, toxic fumes are made.

5. condensation- a change of state from a gas to a liquid as energy is removed
Of course it’s a part of the water cycle, but did you remember that it’s what makes the water on the outside of drinks?

6. conductivity- the ability to carry energy
Copper, silver, and aluminum are commonly used as conductors of electricity. Did you know gold was a good conductor, too? That’s why it’s not a good idea for this person to smile in an electrical storm.

7. density- a measure of the mass per unit volume of a substance
Density is not the same as mass or volume. These two liter bottles have the same volume. Now fill one with soda and one with gold. The gold one would weigh way more because gold is more dense than the soda. The soda would weigh about five pounds. The gold one would weigh about 100 pounds. It means there are more gold atoms packed tighter together than the soda atoms.
Density is a comparison of how much it weighs to how much space it takes up.

8. deposition- the change of state from a gas to a solid
Frost forming on plants and windows is a good example. It goes from water vapor to ice without going to liquid.

9. evaporation- gradual vaporization that takes place at the surface of a liquid (going slowly from liquid to gas)
Transpiration is the process of evaporation in plants.

10. matter- anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)
On the left are examples of things made of matter. We have to remember that those things are made up of these elements, though. All are examples of matter.

11. melting- change of state from a solid to a liquid as energy is added

12. melting point- temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid
The melting points of different solids vary greatly. Carbon’s melting point is about 6381 degrees Fahrenheit. Iron’s point is about Tin’s point is about 450. (Butter, a sort of mixture, has a point of about 90.)

13. molecule- two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds
Here are two different views of a water molecule.

14. physical property- a characteristic of matter that can be observed without changing matter into something new
Here is a list of physical properties. You’re right; I don’t know what many of these are.
absorption
albedo
area
brittleness
boiling point
capacitance
color
concentration
density
dielectric
ductility
distribution
efficacy
electric charge
electrical conductivity
electrical impedance
electric field
electric potential
emission
flexibility
flow rate
fluidity
frequency
inductance
Intrinsic impedance
intensity
irradiance
length
location
luminance
luster
malleability
magnetic field
magnetic flux
mass
melting point
moment
momentum
permeability
permittivity
pressure
radiance
solubility
specific heat
resistivity
reflectivity
spin
strength
temperature
tension
thermal conductivity
velocity
viscosity
volume
wave impedance

15. solubility- measure of how much of one substance can dissolve in another
Bob found out the hard way that the solubility of a Twinkie is too low to make that Twinkiejuice drink he wanted so desperately to make. After a few days it dissolved- sort of. Either way, he should stick to Kool-Aid. It’s solubility is much better.

16. states of matter- a physical form that matter takes; solid, liquid, and gas are the most common
So which state is:
ice?
solid
So which state is:
soda?
liquid
So which state is:
the helium in a balloon?
gas
So which state is:
Jello?
Trick question! It’s two: a solid inside a liquid!

17. sublimation- the change of state from a solid to a gas
Matter usually goes from solid to liquid to gas when energy is applied to it. Some solids can go from solid to gas without the liquid stage. A good example would be dry ice (carbon dioxide).

18. thermal expansion- increase in size due to increase in temperature
Thermal expansion is why we make sidewalks with little gaps between each piece. If there are no gaps, then the sidewalk expands when it gets really hot and cracks.

19. vaporization- change of state from a liquid to a gas
Evaporation is vaporization, but only on the surface of the liquid. Boiling is fast vaporization. The heat energy makes more than just the surface molecules vaporize. Much more of the liquid is turning to gas.
Microscopic water droplets suspended in the air above a hot tea cup after that water vapor has sufficiently cooled and condensed. Water vapor behaves like a gas and is, thus, invisible, but the clouds of condensed water droplets refract and diffuse the sun light and so are visible.

20. Which word means the ability to carry energy?
Quiz Time!
atom, boiling point, chemical property, condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter, melting
Which word means the ability to carry energy?
conductivity

21. Quiz Time!
atom, boiling point, chemical property, condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter, melting
Which word means the smallest particle of matter that has the properties of that matter?
atom

22. Which word means anything that has mass and takes up space?
Quiz Time!
atom, boiling point, chemical property, condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter, melting
Which word means anything that has mass and takes up space?
matter

23. Which word means temperature at which a liquid rapidly changes to gas?
Quiz Time!
atom, boiling point, chemical property, condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter, melting
Which word means temperature at which a liquid rapidly changes to gas?
boiling point

24. Which word means change of state from solid to liquid?
Quiz Time!
atom, boiling point, chemical property, condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter, melting
Which word means change of state from solid to liquid?
melting

25. Quiz Time! chemical property
atom, boiling point, chemical property, condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter, melting
Which word means a characteristic of matter only observable when it is changed into something new?
chemical property

26. Quiz Time!
atom, boiling point, chemical property, condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter, melting
Which word means a measure of the mass per volume of a substance (how heavy vs. how much space it takes up)?
density

27. Which word means a change of state from gas to liquid?
Quiz Time!
atom, boiling point, chemical property, condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter, melting
Which word means a change of state from gas to liquid?
condensation

28. Which word means the change of state from a gas to a solid?
Quiz Time!
atom, boiling point, chemical property, condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter, melting
Which word means the change of state from a gas to a solid?
deposition

29. Which word means slow vaporization on the surface of a liquid?
Quiz Time!
atom, boiling point, chemical property, condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter, melting
Which word means slow vaporization on the surface of a liquid?
evaporation

30. Which word means two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds?
Quiz Time!
melting point, molecule, physical property, solubility, states of matter, sublimation, thermal expansion, vaporization
Which word means two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds?
molecule

31. Which word means increase in size due to increase in temperature?
Quiz Time!
melting point, molecule, physical property, solubility, states of matter, sublimation, thermal expansion, vaporization
Which word means increase in size due to increase in temperature?
thermal expansion

32. Which word means the temperature where solid turns into liquid?
Quiz Time!
melting point, molecule, physical property, solubility, states of matter, sublimation, thermal expansion, vaporization
Which word means the temperature where solid turns into liquid?
melting point

33. Which word means the change of state from a solid to a gas?
Quiz Time!
melting point, molecule, physical property, solubility, states of matter, sublimation, thermal expansion, vaporization
Which word means the change of state from a solid to a gas?
sublimation

34. Which word means a physical form that matter takes?
Quiz Time!
melting point, molecule, physical property, solubility, states of matter, sublimation, thermal expansion, vaporization
Which word means a physical form that matter takes?
states of matter

35. Quiz Time! physical property
melting point, molecule, physical property, solubility, states of matter, sublimation, thermal expansion, vaporization
Which word means it can be observed without changing the matter into something new?
physical property

36. Which word means a change of state from liquid to gas?
Quiz Time!
melting point, molecule, physical property, solubility, states of matter, sublimation, thermal expansion, vaporization
Which word means a change of state from liquid to gas?
vaporization

37. Which word means how much of one substance can dissolve in another?
Quiz Time!
melting point, molecule, physical property, solubility, states of matter, sublimation, thermal expansion, vaporization
Which word means how much of one substance can dissolve in another?
solubility