1. BBA(Gajaseni)
Climate Change

2. What is climate change? Weather changes all times.
Climate naturally is stable but human activities cause climate change rapidly.
BBA(Gajaseni)

3. What is major cause of climate change?
CO2 is one of greenhouse gas caused by human activities.
CO2 traps solar heat in the atmosphere then air temperature is increased.
Global warming increased about OC during
BBA(Gajaseni)

4. BBA(Gajaseni)

5. BBA(Gajaseni)

6. BBA(Gajaseni)

7. BBA(Gajaseni)

8. Human activities v.s. climate change
Major contributors: (80-85% of CO2 being added to atmosphere
Coal, oil and natural gas through combustion and release CO2
BBA(Gajaseni)

9. Modest contributors: Deforestation: CO2 is released by wood burning
CO2 from deforestation in tropical regions are responsible for 15-20% of CO2 emission.
BBA(Gajaseni)

10. Fertiliser and other chemicals release N2O cause about 10% of warming
Paddy rice field, landfills produce methane and other greenhouse gas which causes about 30% of warming
Fertiliser and other chemicals release N2O cause about 10% of warming
BBA(Gajaseni)

11. BBA(Gajaseni)

12. BBA(Gajaseni)

13. BBA(Gajaseni)

14. BBA(Gajaseni)

15. BBA(Gajaseni)

16. BBA(Gajaseni)

17. Not significant causes of climate change:
Aerosol spray cans (cause the loss of ozone layer)
nuclear power (no CO2 emission but high environmental risk of catastrophic accidents)
the space programme
toxic waste
BBA(Gajaseni)

18. What are effects of climate change?
Example of changes:
The amount of pattern of rain and snow
the length of growing season
the frequency and severity of storm
The change of sea level rise
BBA(Gajaseni)

19. What are feedbacks of climate change?
CO2 acts as fertilizer
to make plants grow faster and result in negative feedback to slowing the rate of warming.
Earth warms causes snow and ice to melt.
The ground is exposed with the sunlight and absorbed by the earth so it results positive feedback.
BBA(Gajaseni)

20. BBA(Gajaseni)

21. BBA(Gajaseni)

22. How much warming will there be?
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) has projected further increase in global surface temperature of oC by the year 2100 as compared with 1990.
BBA(Gajaseni)

23. IPCC Projection: (Oct 2001)
CO2 concentration in 2100 of ppm.
An increase in globally averaged surface temperature of oC.
An increase in sea level of m.
BBA(Gajaseni)

24. BBA(Gajaseni)

25. BBA(Gajaseni)

26. BBA(Gajaseni)

27. BBA(Gajaseni)

28. BBA(Gajaseni)

29. BBA(Gajaseni)

30. BBA(Gajaseni)

31. BBA(Gajaseni)

32. BBA(Gajaseni)

33. BBA(Gajaseni)

34. Can you suggest the solutions for CO2 emission reduction in Thailand?
BBA(Gajaseni)

35. BBA(Gajaseni)

36. BBA(Gajaseni)

37. Impacts of climate change to Tropical Asia:
Ecosytems:
Water resources:
Food and fiber production:
Coastal systems:
Human health:
BBA(Gajaseni)

38. Ecosystems:
Changes in the distribution and health of rainforest and drier monsoon forest will be complex.
In Thailand, the area of tropical forest could increase from 45% to 80% of total forest cover (prediction ???) and in Sri Lanka will increase in dry forest and decrease in wet forest.
BBA(Gajaseni)

39. Water resources:
The Himalayas are expected to result in increased recession of glaciers and increasing danger from glacial lake outburst floods caused by increased temperature and precipitation.
BBA(Gajaseni)

40. Food and fiber production:
Climate change impacts could result in significant changes in
crop yield
production
storage
distribution
The net effect of changes in regionwide is uncertain.
BBA(Gajaseni)

41. Coastal systems:
Sea-level rise is the climate-related impact on large delta regions such as:
Bangladesh
Myanmar
Vietnam
Thailand
Indonesia
Philippines
Malaysia
BBA(Gajaseni)

42. BBA(Gajaseni)

43. Human health:
Some vector-borne diseases are expected to increase in Tropical Asia with global warming.
Epidemic potential of
Malaria (increase 12-27%)
Schistosomiasis (decrease 11-17%)
Dengue (increase 31-47%)
BBA(Gajaseni)

44. What can be done about climate change?
To control the future emission of CO2 and other greenhouse gases
To reduce emission from baseline of 1990
BBA(Gajaseni)

45. To reduce energy consumption with improving energy efficiency
To search new energy source as renewable or clean energy
BBA(Gajaseni)

46. Abatement options Consider 3 kinds of options:
1. Improved energy efficiency
2. Use of cleaner energy
3. Changes in agriculture and forestry
BBA(Gajaseni)

47. 1. Improved energy efficiency:
Reduced energy use in building as eco-design to save energy
Improved fuel efficiency of new cars: by increased average mileage
Make appliances more efficient: refrigerators, dishwasher, etc are used new technology to save energy
BBA(Gajaseni)

48. BBA(Gajaseni)

49. BBA(Gajaseni)

50. BBA(Gajaseni)

51. BBA(Gajaseni)

52. Example of energy safe:
Lighting
Incandescent lamps have been replaced by compact fluorescent lamps.
This compact (18 watt) can save over its lifetime:
1 tonne of CO2 , 4kg of SO2, 1kg of N2O from coal-fired plant
200 litres of oil fed into an oil-fired power station
BBA(Gajaseni)

53. Energy-save house (Eco-design)
Traditional Thai house
save energy and appropriate with tropical climate
Eco-design house
modern house with energy save-concept
BBA(Gajaseni)

54. BBA(Gajaseni)

55. Office equipment: Computers Printers
Desktop computer and screen use electricity at a rate of 150 watts which compares to portable computer use at 1.5 watts.
Printers
Ink-jet printers and fax machines use only 1-2% as much electricity as laser printers.
BBA(Gajaseni)

56. BBA(Gajaseni)

57. 2. Use of cleaner energy: Switching to
lower-carbon or carbon-free energy
renewable energy (solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy)
BBA(Gajaseni)

58. BBA(Gajaseni)

59. Example of clean energy:
Solar energy
Wind energy
Thermal energy
Biomass energy
BBA(Gajaseni)

60. BBA(Gajaseni)

61. 3. Change in agriculture and forestry:
Rice paddy field
to provide new technique to minimise CO2 emission
Livestock
feed improvement and manure management in order to reduce CH4 emission
BBA(Gajaseni)

62. Forestry
to protect existing forest and enhance to increase forest area
to preserve forest as carbon sink
to manage forest products as long-life materials
BBA(Gajaseni)

63. BBA(Gajaseni)

64. How can human solve this problem?
UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) in 1992
Responding to concern that human activities are increasing ‘GHGs’ concentration in the atmosphere.
BBA(Gajaseni)

65. Kyoto Protocol is one protocol to UNFCCC to reduce GHGs emission by harnessing the force of the global marketplace to protect environment.
A central feature of protocol is a set of binding emission targets for developed countries based on 1990 baselines.
BBA(Gajaseni)

66. Thailand ratified on UNFCC in 1994:
Office of Environmental Policy and Planning (OEPP), MoSTE has also signed the Kyoto Protocol in 1999 but has yet to ratify it.
Thailand participated in COP7 (7th Conference of the Parties) to make decision for Kyoto Protocol ratification in 2001??.
BBA(Gajaseni)

67. Emission targets (2008-2012) European Union USA Japan, Canada
Eastern European countries
Annex A
Average reduction
8% below 1990 levels
7% “ “
6% “ “
5-8% “ “
5% “ “
5.2% “ “
BBA(Gajaseni)

68. Is it possible to reduce CO2 emission without US
Is it possible to reduce CO2 emission without US. Cooperation and commitment?
BBA(Gajaseni)

69. BBA(Gajaseni)