1. Chapter 10 Miss Isler World History

2.  Reformers wanted to purify the church by freeing it from control by lords and kings  Popes now chosen by meeting of leading Bishops (called Cardinals)- not by local nobles or Emperors  Wanted to stop priests from marrying  Stop buying and selling of church offices- called simony  Stop lay investiture- bishops becoming bishops by a feudal lord or knight rather than church official

3.  Gregory VII- Pope, key reformer of church  Emperor Henry IV- (German) not like Gregory’s reforms, enraged  In heated letter exchange, Gregory excommunicated Henry  Bishops and princes chose to follow Gregory  Henry apologized, no longer excommunicated, but Henry went home and punished all those that went against him

4.  Their successors still fought over investiture  100 years after Gregory and Henry’s death, representatives of the Church met at Worms  Compromise: Concordat of Worms  Church only one to grant Bishops and his staff  Emperors could keep role of granting Bishops land Gregorian Reforms led to the Concordat of Worms

5.  Identify three abuses of power that church reformers wanted to end.

6.  Pope highest power of all, higher than king, lord, etc.  All followed canon law- law of the Church  Every Christian required to pay tithe- 1/10 th of yearly income  Fought against heretics (a person who’s ideas went against the church) by having travelling friars  Towns built massive stone churches- Romanesque architecture

7. Gothic Cathedrals Pointed, ribbed vaults Flying buttresses Pointed arches Salisbury Cathedral Notre Dame

8. Henry IV Gregory VIICharlemagne

9.  People, not buildings, made up the university  Occurred in Paris, Bologna (Italy) by 1100  Oxford followed  Middle-class males attended, in hopes of a job in government or the church  3-5 years for a Bachelors degree  All spoken in Latin

10.  is not made by human beings;  is based on the structure of reality itself;  is the same for all human beings and at all times;  is an unchanging rule or pattern which is there for human beings to discover;  is the naturally knowable moral law;  is a means by which human beings can rationally guide themselves to their good.