1. History Vocabulary

2. Primary Sources
Historical evidence that comes directly from the period being studied
Arrowhead from the Palaeolithic period
The story of Gilgamesh and Enkidu
My picture from high school

3. Secondary Sources Evidence that is produced “after the fact”
Is an interpretation of primary evidence
A biography on Trudeau
A reproduction of a sword
A lecture about Socrates

4. Artifact Artifacts are human-made objects from the time being studied
They are also a kind of primary source
Pottery shard from Troy
Jewellery from the Titanic
My leather tie from the 80s

5. Document
Documents are primary source writings from the period being studied
Words are considered “alive”; therefore, even a translation or copy of the original words is still considered to be a primary source
An autobiography
Your birth certificate
This note that you are taking

6. Chronology Anything that is in order of time Your planner
A collection of yearbooks
A timeline

7. What year is it?
Different cultures have different starting points for their chronologies.
Ancient Greeks – 1st Olympics
Romans – Birth of Rome’s founders

8. This year could be: Muslims: 1434 Christians: 2013 Chinese: 4650
Jews: 5773

9. Terms For consistency a single system has been adopted worldwide.
Old term BC (Before Christ) is replaced with BCE (Before Common Era)
Old term AD (Anno Domini) is replaced with CE (Common Era)
Use either set of terms, but do so consistently

10. Anachronism Something that is in the wrong time
Machine gun in a gladiator movie
A crane building the pyramids
A maple leaf Canadian flag in WWII

11. Fact A statement of verified information which can be shown to be true
Even facts can be misleading – context, interpretation and completeness all contribute to the real veracity of the fact in question

12. Opinion
A personal belief or preference that is not necessarily founded on evidence
Not all opinions are equal (see Judgement)

13. Judgement (reasoned judgement)
Often mistaken for opinion
This can be called an opinion or viewpoint but is supported with evidence

14. Bias
A view that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation
Also relates to perspective
We are all biased
Always look for this!

15. Unbias?

16. Types of Evidence
Statistical evidence: has been compiled and studied from a larger body of data.
(Non-smokers will live years longer than smokers, statscan 2011)

17. Types of Evidence
Anecdotal evidence: is a case study, or true story which helps illuminate the issue and should only be used when it supports the statistical evidence.
My grandma smoked a pack a day and lived to be 100. –some kid in my class

18. The slide you were waiting for
Technology – invention and innovation
Social – the lives of ordinary people
Political – government, leaders and movements
Economic – trade, commerce, money, jobs
Religious – in/formal spiritual beliefs and practices
Military – defense, conquest – methods and events