1. Animalia Chordata By: Josh, Jeremy and Zach

2. Definition of Chordata Chordates are animals which are either vertebrates or closely related invertebrates. They are connected by having, a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits and a post-anal tail at least some point in their life cycle. Chordates are animals which are either vertebrates or closely related invertebrates. They are connected by having, a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits and a post-anal tail at least some point in their life cycle. These features may only be present in the embryo. These features may only be present in the embryo.

3. All Chordata Have.. pharyngeal slits - A series of openings that connect the inside of the throat to the outside of the "neck". These are often, but not always, used as gills. dorsal nerve cord - A bundle of nerve fibers which runs down the "back". It connects the brain with the muscles and other organs. notochord - Cartilage rod, and it’s supporting the nerve cord. post-anal tail - An extension of the body past the anal opening.

4. Diagram

5. Subphyla Chordates are broken up into three subphyla, 1. Vertebrata 2. Urochordata 3. Cephalochordata

6. Examples Example of a Example of a Example of a Example of a Cephalochordate Urochordate Cephalochordate Urochordate TunicatesLancelet For today’s presentation we will only look at Vertebrates

7. Vertebrates The five categories of Vertebrates are: The five categories of Vertebrates are: 1. Mammals – Example, Grizzly Bear. 1. Mammals – Example, Grizzly Bear. 2. Amphibians – Example, Frogs. 2. Amphibians – Example, Frogs. 3. Reptiles – Example, Crocodile. 3. Reptiles – Example, Crocodile. 4. Birds – Example, Bald Eagle. 4. Birds – Example, Bald Eagle. 5. Fish – Example, Pink Salmon. 5. Fish – Example, Pink Salmon.

9. Grizzly Bear (Mammal) Grizzly bears are up to 7 feet long and weigh up to 1, 500 pounds. Females are about 2/3 the size of males. They have dense fur close to the skin. They also have long, coarse guard hairs that become silver tipped as the bears age. They have a big head, a long muzzle, and a large hump on their shoulder. The large hump is a mass of muscles that give the front legs extra strength. The grizzly bear is the second largest land carnivore in North America. The grizzly bear has been known to run at speeds of 55 kilometres per hour. It has developed senses of smell and hearing that compensates for its poor eyesight.

10. Diagram

11. Frog (Amphibian) The Anatomy of a Frog is similar to a humans since they have the same kinds of organs and the same organ systems. The Anatomy of a Frog is similar to a humans since they have the same kinds of organs and the same organ systems. A frogs body can be divided into three parts, the head, short neck and trunk. A frogs body can be divided into three parts, the head, short neck and trunk. They have short rigid neck which gives it limited head movement They have short rigid neck which gives it limited head movement They have a coelom, which is a single body cavity where all organs are located. They have a coelom, which is a single body cavity where all organs are located. Frogs have short front legs and long hind legs which is idle for jumping. Frogs have short front legs and long hind legs which is idle for jumping. There are 5,250 described frog species in the world. There are 5,250 described frog species in the world.

12. Diagram

13. Crocodile (Reptile) They can grow up to 15 feet long. They have a 66 teeth and their lower jaw is exposed. Their back has ridged and bony scales while their belly has smooth scales. They cover their eyes with a special membrane that is transparent and protects their eyes from damage while swimming underwater. They have a long slender snout with tremendous biting power. They can only maintain strenuous activity for short periods of time

14. Diagram

15. Bald Eagle (Bird) Bald eagles have a long, downward-curved yellow bill, and large eyes. Bald eagles have a long, downward-curved yellow bill, and large eyes. The feet have knife-like talons. The feet have knife-like talons. Eagles have about 7,000 feathers Eagles have about 7,000 feathers Adult eagles have a 7 foot wingspan and can reach 3 feet in height, but they only weigh between 9 to 14 pounds. Adult eagles have a 7 foot wingspan and can reach 3 feet in height, but they only weigh between 9 to 14 pounds. The females are 30% larger than the males. The females are 30% larger than the males. Eagles have a super sense of vision, they can see four to seven times farther than humans. Eagles have a super sense of vision, they can see four to seven times farther than humans.

16. Diagram

18. Grizzly Bear (Mammal) Grizzly bears walk with plantigrade locomotion, meaning they walk with the soles of their feet flat on the ground. Like humans, bears first strike the ground with their heels and then go off of the balls of the feet and the toes. Grizzly bears walk with plantigrade locomotion, meaning they walk with the soles of their feet flat on the ground. Like humans, bears first strike the ground with their heels and then go off of the balls of the feet and the toes.

19. Frogs (Amphibians) Frogs have salutatory locomotion. This means that their primary method of locomotion is hopping, jumping, or leaping. The front legs of a frog are like the arms of human since they are weak for jumping. The frog has hind legs which are especially designed for leaping. Frogs have salutatory locomotion. This means that their primary method of locomotion is hopping, jumping, or leaping. The front legs of a frog are like the arms of human since they are weak for jumping. The frog has hind legs which are especially designed for leaping. Tadpoles, which do not have arms or legs use their tails to move. Tadpoles, which do not have arms or legs use their tails to move.

20. Crocodile (Reptile) They can propel themselves through the water with great force by using their tails and also with their webbed feet. They can propel themselves through the water with great force by using their tails and also with their webbed feet. They can launch themselves out of the water for over half their body length or more. They can launch themselves out of the water for over half their body length or more. Most crocodiles can achieve speeds of around 12 to 14 kph for short periods of time. Most crocodiles can achieve speeds of around 12 to 14 kph for short periods of time.

21. Bald Eagle (Bird) A Bald Eagle moves with its wings in a fast motion and can go as fast as 100 kilometres per hour when trying to catch or fly away from an animal A Bald Eagle moves with its wings in a fast motion and can go as fast as 100 kilometres per hour when trying to catch or fly away from an animal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjDrGV khdUw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjDrGV khdUw

23. Grizzly Bear (Mammal) Obtaining Food Obtaining Food - They dig, kill or scavenge for food. - They will find food sources in leftover carcasses, dead animals and waste where other animals won't. - When food is scarce in the winter bears have been known to eat their own fecal waste as a food source Diet Diet - 90% of its diet is vegetation - They accumulate 200 kg of fat in order to survive the winter. - They eat, insects, forbs, roots, tubers, grasses, berries, small rodents, fish, carrion, garbage and human food.

24. Frogs (Amphibians) Obtaining Food Obtaining Food - The frog has a long sticky tongue fastened at the front of its mouth that flicks out to catch food. - Frogs have tiny teeth on the top and bottom of their mouth designed to hold prey. Diet Diet - Crickets are the most popular food. - Any insects, grasshoppers, crickets and roaches. - Larger frogs can eat Mice or even smaller frogs.

25. Crocodile (Reptile) Obtaining Food Obtaining Food - Crocodiles sit camouflaged and motionless in the water waiting for prey to come to them. - Once the prey is a close a crocodile will quickly snap its jaws around the prey and drag it under the water to drown and eat it. Diet Diet - They are known to eat anything that comes close to the river bank. - Including, rabbits, dogs, cats, deer, frogs, fish, turtles, birds and other small mammals.

26. Bald Eagle (Bird) Obtaining Food Obtaining Food - It will approach in a shallow glide to snatch the fish out of the water with a quick swipe of its talons. Diet Diet - They feed on fish, ducks, coots, muskrats, turtles, rabbits, and snakes and dead animals occasionally. - 90% of diet is fish. - They will eat whatever is available and easiest to get.

28. Grizzly Bear (Mammal) Digestion Digestion - Grizzly bears have a simple intestinal tract. - The Long intestine is very long for the winter months of hibernation. - Do not digest starches well. Excretion Excretion - They do not defecate or urinate during hibernation. - They excrete waste through digestive track and through the anus.

29. Frog (Amphibian) Digestion Digestion - The small intestine is where most digestion occurs. - Frogs carry pancreatic juice from the pancreas, and bile through the gallbladder from the liver to the small intestine where the fluids digest the food and extract the nutrients. Excretion Excretion - Nitrogen waste is excreted as urine. - The urine is mainly a way to get rid of excess water in the Frog. - Adult frogs excrete ammonia mainly through the gills

30. Crocodile (Reptile) Digestion Digestion - The crocodile’s digestive system is the most acidic of any animal’s and that’s why it can digest bones, shells and hooves. - Crocodiles digest food just like we do. The only difference is that they can't chew up their food. They have a special digestive tract to process large pieces of food. This helps them when they swallow things whole. Excretion Excretion - Crocodiles get rid of waste in their body as ammonia. They drink lots of water which helps them weaken the ammonia so they can get it out of their body. If they didn't drink lots of water the ammonia would harm their body. Their kidneys help with this.

31. Bald Eagle (Bird) Digestion Digestion - Eagles have a high metabolism rate. - Part of their stomach has turned into a place which food is ground into a fine consistency to help rapid digestion. - This is also a place where pellets of formed for when the bird can’t digest bones, fur, feathers and other materials. Excretion Excretion - Eagles also excrete nitrogen through their urine. - They excrete the pellets of left over materials after they have absorbed all the nutrients they can,

33. Grizzly Bear (Mammal) Circulation Circulation - The normal heart rate of bears is 40 - 50 beats per minute. - All mammals have a closed circulatory system meaning the oxygen goes in the nose into the lungs from lungs moved around body without any breaks in the chain. Respiration Respiration - Bears have a set of lungs that they use to breathe, the oxygen is feed to the blood stream through the lungs

34. Frogs (Amphibians) Circulation Circulation - Amphibians have a 3 chambered heart with two atria and one ventricle - The advantage of the system is that there is high pressure in vessels that lead to both the lungs and body Respiration Respiration - Frogs skin has a large network of blood vessels running to it which help with respiration. - Oxygen can pass through the skin, entering directly into the blood. When a frog submerges beneath the water all its respiration takes place through the skin. Oxygen is obtained directly from the water.

35. Crocodile (Reptile) Circulation Circulation - Crocodiles have a four chambered heart; unlike mammals, oxygenated and deoxygenated blood can be mixed. - The right ventricle has two arteries leaving it; a pulmonary artery, which goes to the lungs, and the left aortic arch, which goes to the body. Respiration Respiration - They breath oxygen from the air with their lungs. When they are underwater they hold their breath. They do not breath water with gills like fish. - They have special part of the tongue called the palatal valve that closes off their respiratory system when they are underwater. This lets them open their mouths underwater without choking

36. Bald Eagle (Bird) Circulation Circulation - Have a 4 chambered heart with complete separation of oxygenated and de- oxygenated blood. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs, while the left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body. Circulation also plays an important role in maintaining a bird's body temperature. Respiration Respiration - Eagles have an external naris on both sides of their beak. A bald eagle never reaches speeds that would interfere with normal breathing. An eagle's lungs and air sac system are adequate for its size. Air moves in through the lungs and on into the air sacs before moving back through the lungs and out again. Air passes through the lungs twice with each breathing cycle.

37. http://www1.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=169622

38. Life Cycle Most animals including fish, mammals, reptiles and birds have very simple life cycles: Most animals including fish, mammals, reptiles and birds have very simple life cycles: 1. They are born (either alive from their mother or hatched from eggs) 1. They are born (either alive from their mother or hatched from eggs) 2. They grow up 2. They grow up 3. They mate and reproduce offspring. 3. They mate and reproduce offspring. These animals have three stages -- before birth, young and adult.. The young slowly "grow" to become adults. These animals have three stages -- before birth, young and adult.. The young slowly "grow" to become adults.

39. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjec ts/mammals/bear/Grizzlycoloring.shtml http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjec ts/mammals/bear/Grizzlycoloring.shtml http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjec ts/mammals/bear/Grizzlycoloring.shtml http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjec ts/mammals/bear/Grizzlycoloring.shtml http://www.e- tutor.com/et3/lessons/view/52133/print http://www.e- tutor.com/et3/lessons/view/52133/print http://www.e- tutor.com/et3/lessons/view/52133/print http://www.e- tutor.com/et3/lessons/view/52133/print http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjec ts/reptiles/crocodile/Amcrocprintout.shtml http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjec ts/reptiles/crocodile/Amcrocprintout.shtml http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjec ts/reptiles/crocodile/Amcrocprintout.shtml http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjec ts/reptiles/crocodile/Amcrocprintout.shtml http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjec ts/birds/info/Eagle.shtml http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjec ts/birds/info/Eagle.shtml http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjec ts/birds/info/Eagle.shtml http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjec ts/birds/info/Eagle.shtml http://www.whatdofrogseat.info/ http://www.whatdofrogseat.info/ http://www.whatdofrogseat.info/ Thank you for your time, we hope you enjoyed our presentation!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Peace from Zach