Sustainable Environment (Sujalam-Suphalam) by Partnering with Nature

Sustainable Environment (Sujalam-Suphalam) by Partnering with Nature
SLK FOUNDATION Creating of Wealth from Waste Please spread this message, Actionize few things if you want a better neighborhood, better India, and a better planet

About SLK Foundation SLK Foundation is a registered charitable trust, with a mission statement-"Creating Wealth from Waste". The trust is named after S.L Kirloskar, doyen of the Kirloskar group, to commemorate his contribution towards industrial development of Maharashtra. Pankaj Narayan Pandit, is founder and managing trustee of SLK Foundation. SLK Foundation, has no connection whatsoever with the Kirloskar group. As per Peter Drucker, “The best-managed non profit is better managed than the best-managed corporation”. Pankaj has contributed to over 50 articles for Mumbai AIR’s program on environment, Parisar. “Parisar” created awareness on environmental issues such as household garbage, Recycling of Potable water, sanitation, organic farming and other choices of sustainable lifestyle. Pankaj has published articles on environmental matters like Urbanization, Carbon Credits, Steps to combat global warming in business journals. In addition to this, Pankaj has been practising “Zero Waste Garbage” since last 15 years. He has given numerous public lectures on this topic to motivate citizens into action groups, than blame government for everything. Pankaj holds MMS(Finance) , BE (Electrical ) from Bombay University, VJTI. He is working in senior position in Bangalore based IT company.

Goal, Vision, Mission & Charter of SLK Foundation
To be a channel in building awareness and enrollment of the Community to participate and contribute in sustainable environment * . Vision: Every type of waste, be it manmade or natural , is nothing but a misplaced resource. If we “place” such waste correctly, we can create abundant wealth and heal our planet using nature’s mechanisms honed over centuries of evolution. Let’s make small beginning from own household, neighborhood, city, country, and finally our planet, because Vasudeive Kutumbkam. (whole earth is one family) *As per Deepak Chopra, changing awareness about an issue is the key. Reason is that people act in certain way, out of a ignorant belief. If that ignorance changes with awareness drive, the behavior can change for better of planet

Various things we would do..
The intention and primary purpose for SLK Foundation is to create awareness among citizens to participate and contribute in solution of the various problems such as eliminating garbage, proper sanitation, conservation of water, etc. All urban problems have been created by our own wrong habits acquired in adoption of changing life style. Towards this intention we propose to do the following: Solid Waste Disposal : Working with Govt./societies for solving problem of garbage by going to the its root. Keeping different types of garbage separate Ie not mixing all sorts of garbage in one bin is key towards solving it. Empowerment of rag pickers: Working with poorest of urban poor for sustainable model to recycle plastic in each area. i.e. recognizing and rewarding rag-pickers in each locality Conduct awareness campaigns: Partnering with Bombay Art Society to raise awareness thru art exhibition organized during 27th Mar-31st Mar 2009 at CKP, Bangalore. Over 2000 persons reached out with “concept of Zero waste garbage “ Ecosan: Design mobile trolley mounted public toilet for pilgrims, Bus Stations, Railway stations Environment: Create Nature Parks Awareness sessions for children, distribute seeds, buy saplings, plant trees 4 4

Dimensions of Sustainability
Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Vayu (Air) Carbon Credits Water (Aap) Conservation Sustainable use Role of NGOs Lifestyle choices

Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Water (Aap) Conservation Sustainable use Vayu (Air) Carbon Credits Role of NGOs Lifestyle choices

Nothing wasted, if we live closer to nature
Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Amount of solid waste a community generates increases in affluent economy. Richer people get, more stuff (plastic, paper) is generated, less of organic waste. Waste: Something that owner does not want any more. It simply means, its value for owner does not exist. Someone may find value in such waste. In nature, nothing is wasted. One organism’s waste is another’s food. Food chain evolved in such a way that there is nothing that is burdensome to our living planet. In earlier times, Agricultural waste was fed to animal livestock. Human, and animal droppings were spread on fields for fertilizer. Dry latrines made such thing possible. Anything else was either burned or buried. Nature took care to turn it into resource.*(see notes) . Vasudeva Kutumbakam (‘The whole world is one family’), says an ancient Indian text. Mottainai is a Japanese way of life that reduces all waste. There are similar philosophies in many eastern cultures too. These civilizations thrived before the Industrial Revolution, in a sustainable way. They allowed nature adequate time to turn waste back into wealth. Such a philosophy is the antithesis of dirty carbon-devouring demon economies that promote consumerism, consumption, convenience, all leading to high wastage. Today, the world has acknowledged the need to save its planet

Garbage Disposal : Four Basic Options
Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Bury garbage:(Landfill) is used by all third world countries including India. it is cheapest method. Collect garbage and dump outside city limits and allow nature to take care of problem. Also called as NIMBY Burn or incinerate: Open burning will release noxious fumes. Burning in an incinerator controls fumes thru scrubber. If waste is plastic, paper, thermal power generation possible. Recycle/Composting Garbage: Compost natural stuff, recycle man made stuff. Anaerobic composting : For Processes food waste Anaerobic composting produces natural gas (Methane) which can be used for cooking or making electricity. 8

'enough is never enough' What is biggest man made structure-2009?
Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Fresh Kills landfill of New York, at 12 Square Kms, is largest man made structure dwarfing Egypt’s pyramids! 9

BIC countries; Next big increase in garbage
Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Rich countries spend $120 billion a year for disposing their municipal waste. China, India and Brazil, at present spend only about $5 billion a year collecting and treating their municipal waste The amount of waste that countries produce tends to grow in tandem with their economies, and especially with the rate of urbanization. . Rich countries’ waste will not per year or by 38% by 2030, as per OECD. On other hand, rising urban population of India, china, will mean waste here will increase by 130%, 200% by 2030. India generates , 200, 000 tons waste annually or 400 tones plastic waste daily. Rich countries tipping costs are as follows (as per CyclOpe) USA $35 per ton France Euro 74 per ton Italy Euro 50 per ton Recycling of newspapers, glass, plastic is not feasible in these countries due to high labor costs. India’s poverty, low wages, ingenuity, and entrepreneurship of its people makes it possible to recycle following low value stuff Newspapers that fetch Rs.5 per KG Virgin plastic bags that fetch Rs. 10 per KG,Thin Plastic bags that fetch Rs. 2 per KG, Envelopes that fetch Rs.4 per KG * As against this, BIC countries spend only $ 5 billion per year on such garbage collection Bangalore produces 2200 tonnes of waste every day while the centralized government composting plant can handle only 500 tonnes per day so the rest reaches dumps that are illegal! The Rich are spoiling world due to Consumerism. While it is the poor who will suffer most due damaging environment.… 10

Household garbage: Need for Awareness
Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides The site of dust bin in any Indian metro city reveals a lot about what has gone wrong. There are lot of plastic bags tied up, stinking Dust bin is surrounded by dogs, crows, cows, and finally rag pickers The stench from rotting garbage makes people throw garbage around the bin, not into it. People typically put all garbage in a plastic bag, tie it , throw it in, making matters worse, as organic matter will putrefy in absence of air Mixing all types of garbage is root of this problem. No municipality can process such mixed, rotting garbage in way that causes least damage to environment. There is no alternative to separating garbage, and reaching out to all on changing our habits. “People are turning resources into waste faster than nature can turn waste back into resources." 11

Hazardous wastes endanger nation more than terrorist attacks
Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Hazardous wastes endanger nation more than terrorist attacks Modern living means lot of our waste is now hazardous. Yet, in India we do not separate it at all. No one tells us to do it also. Paints and batteries contain Lead Thermometers CFL lights have lot of Mercury Electronic items, computers, PCBs, have heavy metals like Lead, Zinc Gardening materials that have pesticides Solvents for cleaning drains have acid Used motor oils from automobiles Dry cells, and Electronic waste like computer parts, LCDs, floppies also need to be kept separately, to prevent contamination of soil with heavy metals like lead, Zinc, etc. 12

Useless Indian laws on garbage disposal
Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides The thin gauge plastic bags, less than 20 micron thick, (0.04 mm) have been banned in Maharashtra which has reduced litter of plastic garbage to some extent. After July'26' 05 deluge in Mumbai, Maharashtra Government banned plastic bags in Mumbai; however it cannot be fully implemented as milk bags, etc continue to be packed in plastic. Since Jan’09, Delhi High Court has banned plastic bags in markets, shops, hotels, hospitals, and malls. Fines are upto Rs. 1 Lac or five years in jail. Supreme Court has ruled that all cities more than 1 lac population have to provide for waste collection service. Indian Govt has set guidelines for waste treatment , laws on e-waste. Similar laws, on household garbage need to be passed in all metro cities of India, thru PILs. However, persuading people against wrong disposal plastic is a better idea, than completely banning plastic bags. Such bans have not worked so far. Law is an Ass! Rules about environment are better honored in breach than the observance in India, and most developing countries 13

Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides
Household garbage: Separation at source is the key to long term solution Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides All Manmade objects like Plastic, Paper, glass, can be recycled Hazardous things like batteries, E-waste need to be stored to prevent their contamination of ground water Organic stuff like kitchen waste, which has fruit peels, vegetable cuttings, can be easily composted using Aerobic composting. Thus municipality need not spend money in transporting solid waste to landfills out of cities.

Use Anaerobic method for Canteen/Hotel waste
Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Food waste, can be converted into methane using anaerobic method 250 Kg of methane per ton of food waste (dry weight) can produced. To begin with system is loaded with slurry of 250 Kg of cattle dung, water. After waiting for 2 weeks, gas emanation begins due to methenogenes present in dung. After this, daily feed of food waste can be processed after it is processed thru mixer. Costs of handling 10 cubic metres of waste will come to Rs. 1.5 Lacs 3 Kgs of gas can be produced per day, and Rs. 56 per Kg

Waste to Electricity projects with Incinerators
Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides China, India have almost no incinerators. Japan, Singapore burn 50% of their waste. World over, there are 700 Waste to energy plants that generate more power than all wind mills, and solar panels One of biggest such plants is in Fairfax, Virginia, takes 1 Mill tones of waste per year, generating 80 MW. To eliminate dioxines waste temp is taken over 1800 F. Different filters remove oxides of sulpher, Nitrogen, heavy metals, soot. Water is treated, and then ash moved to landfill where is takes one tenth of volume of original vol. Anything that is burned than recycled represents energy loss. However, plastic has more calorific value that coal, making it good material to burn as long as Dioxin emissions are controlled. One of biggest such plants is in Fairfax, Virginia, takes 1 Mill tones of waste per year, generating 80 MW. To eliminate dioxines waste temp is taken over 1800 F. Different filters remove oxides of sulpher, Nitrogen, heavy metals, soot. Water is treated, and then ash moved to landfill where is takes one tenth of volume of original vol.

Do not mix household garbage, if you care for your children! You are what you throw away ! Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Rising income, and more westernization means the garbage will have more volume of manmade things like plastic, paper, and less biodegradable stuff. Plastic, paper do not decompose in a land fill site; used battery cells, metals, pollute ground water, by leaching action with rain water. Not mixing or Separation of garbage can only prevent degrading environment. Did you know? As per UNEP, 6.4 mill tons of plastic finds way into oceans every year. Every square KM of ocean has pieces of plastic floating in it.

What is NIMBY? (Not in my backyard!) Going to the root of the problem.
Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Mixing of all types things in household garbage is the root cause of our problem. No municipality in the developed world accepts mixed garbage as it makes its disposal expensive from environmental as well as financial point of view. Making urban citizens get over NIMBY attitude is the key. Landfill of mixed garbage leads to its putrification, creating a poisonous leachet that pollutes ground water, also inviting undesirable creatures like jungle rats, to the landfill, that can potentially spread diseases like Plague. Can we own up whole nation as our house and prevent its degradation?? Most developed countries' (Germany, Japan) citizens are enlightened enough to support any schemes that their government proposes to alleviate house hold garbage problem.

Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Current Status of garbage disposal All major Indian cities are using landfill Garbage is collected daily by contractual labor & emptied in vehicles , to be taken to Landfill sites outside city limits. Here it is simply dumped , expecting nature to compost it. However this results in anaerobic heap, thereby generating methane, that sets the dump on fire, generating smoke. with increasing plastic usage, storm water drains, railway tracks, are littered with plastic/paper waste, debris, etc. Unfortunately our citizens do not assist in recycling of garbage at all. The root of the problem is in our bad habits, of not recycling man made things.

Story of Deonar dump of Mumbai : Apathy of citizens and Negligence by BMC Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides The Deonar dumping ground spews killer gases 24x7 right into the bedrooms of 25 lakh Mumbaikars. This 127 hectares of land abutting the creek, was far away from civilization, save for small settlements. Today, thanks to the march of urbanization, Deonar is right is in city, spewing killer gases every minute into the homes along Ghatkopar, Chembur and Vashi. The gases—a concoction of carcinogenic methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide and fine particulate matter—have resulted in the highest incidence of TB in the suburbs of Chembur and Govandi. Around 3,300 employees working in the Shivaji Nagar bus station, which abuts the dumping ground, never eat at their “smelly’’ canteen. Yet, both citizens as well as the BMC has done little. . While most dumping grounds are ‘retired’ within 30 years, Deonar has outdone its saturation point and the garbage dumps are as high as nine-storied buildings. Currently, dumping is carried out on 110 hectares of the 127 hectares. Around 1,200 trucks full of garbage from all over the city come to empty the garbage daily. The Deonar dumping ground that was built in 1927 is the oldest and the biggest one in Asia Mumbai’s 3 lakh ragpickers thrive on such dumps!

Finding new landfill sites-problem for India's cities
Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides All Indian municipalities use only Landfill as a method for disposal of garbage. Story of Mumbai’s Deonar, is being repeated in every Indian city on smaller scale. Yet, No one educates their citizens about need to keep various streams of garbage separate for possible recycling. The landfill sites emit a stench, and are soon saturated with mixed waste and turn toxic. Also locals in rural areas near land fill sites, resist dumping of garbage, and increase Urban: Rural divide. Finding new landfill sites means going farther away from the city, adding to the costs, more taxes and more land turning toxic waste land like Madmax movies. What is solution to this problem? Joint action thru Awareness, Use of technology

Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Solutions to Garbage Problems Awareness to separate garbage; Rag-pickers Rag pickers compete with cows, dogs and crows to retrieve recyclable material from the urban household garbage. Rag picker’s role in recycling household garbage in neither recognized nor rewarded. Urban citizens refuse to consider rag pickers from a humane perspective, as they are the landless laborers, driven out of rural areas due poverty. Can we treat rag picker more humanely? We plan to give them identification badges Can you allow them to enter your premises and collect the dry garbage? Can you hand over your dry waste, including newspapers to them? Ragpickers are the unsung heroes, of urban landscape

More we recycle, more we are creating wealth; Less we recycle, we are creating waste Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Rag pickers need to have access to steady stream of dry garbage, than working outdoors in rains, blazing sun.Rag pickers divide dry household garbage into following Metals Copper wiring Aluminum foils Iron and Steel Glass Plastic bags Virgin plastic bags like used for milk Other plastic bags sorted by color Retrieve bottle caps for PVC pipes PET bottles for Polyester Yarn Cloth for packaging Leather Tetrapacks Coconut shells , wood for use as fuel Paper for recycling Newspapers Cardboard Office paper Envelopes Glossy paper

Zero Waste Garbage makes economic sense in India! Our poor Rag-pickers, are India’s advantage ! Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Rag pickers need no electricity, expensive machinery or tax payers subsidy. Garbage sorting machines are very complex and will cost $ 35 Mill. In spite of this, they will not do such a good job as manual sorting. Manual sorting has no alternative, as glass, plastic needs to separated by quality , and color as well. This is expensive in western countries, with wider urban sprawl. Hence recycling paper, plastic, glass is not economical, due to high cost of labor. USA recycles 30%, while Europe recycles 40%. Indian cities manage 50-60% due to poor rag pickers’ industriousness, not due to any conscious efforts. No wonder, Indian economy thrives in spite of our government/our help!

SLK Foundation's mission -Zero waste garbage
Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Zero waste is the ultimate goal of project, as All garbage is nothing but only a misplaced resource. All manmade articles, are recyclable, like newspapers, all types of plastic including milk bag plastic that is virgin. Rag pickers in city are great links in recycling value chain. Rag pickers further divide manmade articles to accumulate into economic quantities, for recycling industry. Do not make a rag picker scour garbage dumps, competing with dogs, cows, crows. Can we not hand over our Dry garbage to the rag pickers? Hot tropical climate makes composting a natural process. Use this to our advantage. Concentrated living in cities also is to our advantage as it lowers costs of handling. Making people aware of this is difficult , though not impossible Even affluent people in India, do not put newspapers in garbage! that means if we can discover a selfish reason to make Indians keep all plastic separate, they may do it.

Project Goals : 4R’s Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Reduce Consumption, and wastage by an awareness campaign Reuse, Manmade waste material, waste water for alternate uses Recycle, 100% recycling of manmade articles, like all types of plastic, paper, glass, and metals by empowering the ragpickers' chain. Left over food at canteen for piggeries Renew/Recreate Biodegradable kitchen waste material, by learning easy composting techniques, back to the nature Natural process of making humus is much slower

What is the least that you can do? Creating wealth from waste
Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides DO NOT MIX wet kitchen waste & dry waste. WET waste composted DAILY Keep DRY Waste for Raddi-Walas WEEKLY; Waste paper, glass, rags, rubber, wood and plastic bags Keep all recyclable matter, like Paper, Glass, Metal & Plastics of household garbage, separately to facilitate its recycling. Can we make dustbins clearly marked for "Dry waste" only? Persuade all not mix Wet & Dry garbage in one dustbin Learn the easy composting technique for kitchen waste in your own backyard FOR MORE INFO... SLK FOUNDATION IS REGSTERED CHARITABLE TRUST DEVOTED TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPEMENT

Pollution in Land ultimately finds way in Sea
As per UNEP, 6.4 mill tons of plastic finds way into oceans every year. Every square KM of ocean has pieces of plastic floating in it. In Pacific ocean, there is an area “twice the size as continental United States” is floating plastic! It is estimated to be 100 mill tones Extra chemical fertilizers, pesticides run off from farms, create distinctly recognizable polluted area in Sea. Ability of sea in absorbing extra carbon in air has reduced. Falling marine catch, rising algae blooms, all point to pollution from land.

Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Vayu (Air) Carbon Credits Water (Aap) Conservation Sustainable use Water pollution is the action of environmental contamination with man-made waste into water. The source of this waste could be raw sewage, chemicals, trash, or fertilizer. Water pollution has severe human consequences, since less than 3% of the Earth contains water that is potable or safe for drinking Role of NGOs Lifestyle choices

Water seems plentiful, yet ….
World Average of “% withdrawal of fresh water: is 9%. Asia withdraws 18.1%, while NAM, EU , Africa withdraw 8-6% More than increase in population, it is changing dietary habits, urbanization, and more wealth that adds to per capita water use. Over past 50 years, world’s population rose from 3 bill to 6.5 billion. Water use has trebled. To grow 1 KG of wheat, requires 1000 Liters, but to produce 1 KG of beef, requires Liters of water. Thus shift in India/China from veg diet to non veg diet has huge implications for water use. Global warming is making wet areas more sodden, and arid ones more dry. Bio fuels like corn, are taking at present are using 2% of irrigated water.

Brief History of sanitation
Water (Aap) Conservation Sustainable use Brief History of sanitation Water Closet , invented in mid 19th century, was convenient way to dispose human faeces. Thus sewage waste became a problem in cities where it accumulated faster than it could be handled by nature. Also depleted soil now needed chemical fertilizers to grow crops. Till then, the earlier practice was to empty dry human faeces into a pit. The traditional agricultural techniques would make use of microbes on land to slowly work and reduce such waste into bio-fertilizer. This would provide rich nitrogenous inputs as nutrients to the soil. After all, all other animal waste also recharges soil in a similar way. However the pathogens in human faeces, if not discomposed fully, spread diseases like Typhoid, Cholera. The problem of disposal of human feces was acute in case of highly dense human populated cities, before sewage water treatment was invented. Use of water closet to flush out proved very convenient yet imposed additional responsibilities on municipalities to treat such water. What is personally convenient may not be for collective good of society 31

Is flushing out human feces end of problem or its beginning?
Water (Aap) Conservation Sustainable use Is flushing out human feces end of problem or its beginning? Use of water closet to flush out human waste proved Convenient yet imposed additional responsibilities on our municipalities The water-closet, popularized in Victorian times has become almost standard equipment used by all trained architects all over civilized world. No doubt that It is quite convenient to deploy on personal level. However, we as a society cannot ignore what happens to such water later if not treated properly. Municipalities in third world , like India , are not equipped to treat such huge volume sewage, as all waster water pipes are combined. Quantum of waste water swells during Monsoon as storm water drains that carry rain water are typically combined with all waste water including sewage. Such practice has contributed hugely to water pollution of downstream cities and oceans turning acidic due to raw sewage being discharged in case of coastal cities. Western countries leant about hazards of untreated sewage hard way, due to cholera epidemics that struck London in 1850’s, and set up sewage processing plants at great cost to exchequer. Today sewage plants in London processes and reuses same water at least six times before it eventually escaped to the sea. 32

Water (Aap) Conservation Sustainable use Fact check of India’s rivers : Turned into sewers by use of flush toilets and apathetic municipalities While Indian culture reveres and worships our rivers as goddesses , including most sacred Ganga, in reality we have turned our rivers into sewers. GAP (Ganga action Plan) began in 1985, with PM heading CGA(Central Ganga Authority). However, as per CAG(Comptroller and Auditor General), more than Rs Crores have been wasted since then, while Ganga water is more polluted than ever. As per CAG report, 52 cities, and 48 towns from Uttarkhand, to W. Bengal, daily discharge 2600 million Litres of sewage and industrial effluent into Ganga.. Story of all other Indian rivers is no different. Dead fish routinely show up from lakes of Bangalore, and other places that indicates that all is not well with our water bodies. As all surface water is polluted, we have to dig deeper for pure water, that results in falling water table. 33

Falling water table in N India
(Aap) Conservation Sustainable use Falling water table in N India Human activity like irrigation has pushed groundwater levels in India's north down by as much as one foot per year National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). More than 26 cubic miles of groundwater vanished from aquifers in the states of Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and the National Capital Territory of Delhi since 2002, says the study that has used NASA's satellite data. 'The amount lost is double the capacity of India's largest surface-water reservoir, the Upper Wainganga, and almost three times the capacity of Lake Mead in Nevada, the largest reservoir in the US,' says the study, which has been published in the Nature magazine. Groundwater use across India was far exceeding natural replenishment, but the regional rate of depletion was unknown. Although less than a third of farmland there is irrigated, crop irrigation accounts for up to 95 percent of groundwater use. 'If farmers could shift away from water-intensive crops, such as rice, and implement more efficient irrigation methods, that would help.' The researchers examined data and models of soil moisture, lake and reservoir storage, vegetation and glaciers in the nearby Himalayas in order to confirm that the apparent groundwater trend was real. The loss was particularly alarming because it occurred when there was no unusual trend in rainfall. In fact, rainfall was slightly above normal for the period. 34

China, India lose wet lands, pollute surface water
(Aap) Conservation Sustainable use China, India lose wet lands, pollute surface water More than 1,000 lakes have disappeared in China, India in the past half century. 80 percent of lakes along the lower reach of the Yangtze river have been affected by algae outbreaks, officials said at the 13th World Lake Conference. There are 20 lakes on average disappearing in China every year, The country lost 9,570 sq km of water area, and 51.6 billion cubic meters of water-storage volume, in the past half century. "Deterioration of water quality in lakes hasn't been controlled yet Water quality of some lakes has descended to class V (seriously polluted) or even worse, resulting in algae bloom and oxygen deficiency," Most of the lakes in southeast China are suffering from eutrophication, a state when the waters have a large influx of mineral and organic nutrients, resulting in excessive algae growth that suffocates other creatures in the water Under the dual effects of climate change and human activities, wetlands, estuaries , and lakes are witnessing a continuous fall in water levels. The deforestation around the upper reaches of river has brought large amounts of sand down into the lakes, which also reduces the water levels in the lakes, causes rivers breaking the banks, causing floods. Most cities have adapted to flush toilets. So they generate huge quantities of sewage that is released untreated, polluting surface water.

Water (Aap) Conservation Sustainable use Not mixing all waste (including waste water) A Common Sense approach Key to cheaper sewage, cheaper solid waste processing Waste water has many sources such as, household sewage, industrial effluents, kitchen waste water, Urine from Urinals rain water coming from storm water drains. Except the first two sources, (household sewage, and industrial effluents), other waste water can be reused for gardening purpose with rudimentary primary filtration or no processing. It is only sewage, and industrial effluents that need processing. Of them, sewage after primary secondary treatment can be used for agricultural/gardening. Through awareness campaigns, we need to change our cultural cum religious habits such as immersing idols, flowers, ashes, corpses in water bodies Lesser quantity of such water, lesser will be cost of sewage processing plants Dr Wei-Xian Zhang,(Lehig University), Penn and Dr Luming Ma(Tongji University, Shanghai) first used this technique for industrial in Shanghai, and are using this technique for many municipalities in China. Treating iron filings with copper chloride increased costs by 5 cents/Kg , increased effectiveness of iron filings. 36

Necessity of 100% Sewage Disposal
2.5 billion people worldwide don't have access to proper sanitation, risking their health, stripping their dignity, and killing 1.8 mill children a year. Diarrheal diseases kill five times as many children in the developing world as HIV/AIDS. That's 5,000 children DYING EVERY SINGLE DAY. Disease kills more children than either malaria or AIDS, stunts growth, and forces millions - adults and children alike - to spend weeks at a time off work or school, which hits both a country's economy and its citizens' chances of a better future. The majority of the illness in the world is caused by fecal matter. Lack of sanitation is the world's biggest cause of infection. One gram of feces can contain 10 million viruses, one million bacteria, 1,000 parasite cysts and 100 parasite eggs. Safe disposal of children's faeces leads to a reduction of nearly 40% in childhood diarrhea.

Zero-waste toilets-Ecosan
Water (Aap) Conservation Sustainable use Zero-waste toilets-Ecosan Out of 2,6 billion people without toilets in world, 2/3rd s are in SE Asia, and S.Asia Making conventional toilets has problems of Sewage water poses problem of polluting surface water, apart from wasting potable water. Everyone is talking of sewage economy and dry sanitation. The most feasible alternative is not to use fresh water in toilets because it does not matter what kind of water is used for flushing. Each flush consumes 5 to 10 litres of water. Unicef has also approached IIT Kanpur for using its innovation for community toilets. Vinod Tare Professor, The environmental engineering department of IIT Kanpur has developed a toilet that will re-use the water that goes into flushing, rather than discharging it along with the excreta. This will be possible by not allowing water and solid waste to mix. Ph.D., IIT Kanpur Room: 116 Western Laboratory Phone: (91-512) vinod[AT]iitk.ac.in

Water (Aap) Conservation Sustainable use SLK Foundation proposes “Mobile Trolley mounted Dry Zero waste toilets” Mobile Toilets for large congregations at pilgrimages, religious places Large congregations in India create serious health hazards due to lack of sanitation. For example : Pandharpur become Narakpur after Aashadhi, Kartiki Ekadashis; all pilgrim places Kumbh Melas, turn place into hell due inadequacy of public toilets. SLK Foundation has a simple design of trolley mounted toilet (Ecosan)that is self sufficient in disposing fecal waste. Collected solid waste is mixed with ash. Hence it takes odor away and balances the waste matter for composting The urinal waste water — mostly urine, which is rich in nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus — can be evaporated to recover fertiliser. “Thus, we solve the problem of discharging waste water, These toilets can be assembled or dis-assembled at short notice.

Zero-waste public toilets
Water (Aap) Conservation Sustainable use Zero-waste public toilets Solid treatment The tank containing solid waste will have ash that neutralizes fecal matter. The dry solid waste can be sucked out and transferred into containers or trolleys, tanks emptied. The trolleys will dump the waste into a unit identical to a concrete mixer, which will already have some compost in it. Once it is mixed properly, it can be allowed to decompose for sometime on its own. This pre-compost is further added to the fresh load of solid waste and the process repeated. After several cycles, the concentrated compost is processed by worms to make vermicompost. These toilets are not only environment-friendly but also economic.

Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides About 27 billion tonnes of pure CO2 are pumped into the atmosphere every year - equivalent to 7.3 billion tonnes of pure carbon. Total atmospheric concentrations of CO2 are now at 387 parts per million, up from an historic average of 180 to 280 ppm. Vayu (Air) Carbon Credits Water (Aap) Conservation Sustainable use About 27 billion tonnes of pure CO2 are pumped into the atmosphere every year - equivalent to 7.3 billion tonnes of pure carbon. Total atmospheric concentrations of CO2 are now at 387 parts per million, up from an historic average of 180 to 280 ppm. Role of NGOs Lifestyle choices

Western Economies: Addicted to Oil !
As per Cornell University’s farm scientists, you need 40 Lits of petrol 75 Liters of Diesel to cultivate one hector of Maize in USA.

Vayu (Air) Carbon in Air Ref: The Economist-Aug2008

Global warming: increasing Carbon in atmosphere
Vayu (Air) Carbon in Air Global warming: increasing Carbon in atmosphere Carbon concentration in air has been increasing since last 50 years, from 320 PPM to 390 PPM now. After many years of denial, developed countries have at last acknowledged the link between global warming and the human activity of releasing GHGs (greenhouse gases). Clear evidence of global warming — such as retreating ice glaciers, stronger hurricanes, milder winters, hotter summers, thinner polar bears, catastrophic rains causing floods, viral diseases and vanishing species — have proved that planet earth needs healing. A report prepared by Deloitte says there are 808 in the USA, 580 in Germany, 511 cars on the road for every 1,000 citizens in the UK, compared to 22 per 1,000 in China and just 11 for India Churchill said about USA, that USA always takes right decisions but only after they run out of all other options....

Global Warming-Serious crisis for humanity
Vayu (Air) Carbon in Air Global Warming-Serious crisis for humanity Reducing emissions under the Kyoto Protocol: 38 industrialized countries are required to reduce by 2012 their GHG emissions by 5.2 per cent below the 1990 levels. Such reductions in carbon emissions are to be achieved through caps on trading emission permits, trade and purchase of emission reduction credits (carbon credits) from developing countries for CDM (clean development methodology) and joint investment projects. We are heading for global meltdown if developing countries follow footsteps of developed countries in following dirty hydrocarbon way for generating energy. 4/5th of growth in emissions between now and 2030 will come from developing countries. They have to be provided technology, finances to be able to choose between dirty coal and renewable energy sources. India, China being poor, has saved global crisis so far. As these countries get rich, there is danger

Carbon Credits for developing countries
Vayu (Air) Carbon in Air Carbon Credits for developing countries The overall carbon market in 2008, had a total value transacted of US$126 billion $92 billion of this is accounted for by transactions of allowances and derivatives under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) for compliance, risk management, arbitrage, raising cash and profit-taking purposes. The second largest segment of the carbon market was the secondary market for Certified Emission Reductions (sCERs), which is a financial market with spot, futures and options transactions in excess of US$26 billion, representing a five-fold increase in both value and volume over 2007. A report prepared by Deloitte says there are 511 cars on the road for every 1,000 citizens in the UK, compared to 22 per 1,000 in China and just 11 for India

Encouragement On Clean Power
Kyoto Compliance Cost Marginal Abatement Cost1 (per t CO2e) US $ 10~20 Leveraging on the Kyoto Mechanism……. INDIA Clean Power Emission Reduction Carbon Credits Developed World Kyoto Commitment GHG reduction Demand of Credits Encouragement On Clean Power CER Utilizing KP mechanism (CDM) is a win-win situation for both developed and developing countries 1 Source: IPCC Third Assessment Report

Stalemate as Kyoto Protocol lapses 2012
USA wants developing countries commit on reducing emissions before ratifying cap & trade India, China have refused to agree on binding targets as their per capita emissions are insignificant.

Ecology Economy Matrix
What is Good for ecology is good for economy?

Negative Entropy-Nature’s way
Vayu (Air) Negative Entropy Negative Entropy-Nature’s way Entropy is defined as the non-usable part of energy. Globally, entropy is increasing by the day, as fossil fuels are consumed and excess carbon discharged into the air. However, nature works on the principle of negative entropy, creating value from anything that appears as waste. In nature’s complex ways, nothing is useless. Nothing can ever match nature’s system in terms of cost effectiveness. Carbon is the most abundant and essential building block of life, and energy. Human life on earth is made possible by the primary process of photosynthesis, wherein extra carbon in the environment is captured (or sequestered to use a modern term) by plants which breath out oxygen to nourish life. The danger now is industrial lobbies may embrace “supposedly green” technologies of questionable ecological benefits, subsidized by taxpayers’ money. All living beings, even the most primitive ones like bees, ants and termites, display high collective intelligence, borne out of an evolutionary survival instinct. Unfortunately, the most intelligent species, human beings, driven by greed, are ruining the planet. It has been proved time and again that nature’s mechanism quickly nurses back planet earth if its complex healing forces are allowed to act with least interference from humans. Let’s tap nature’s mechanism, honed over millions of years, to heal our planet.

Earth (Prithvi) Solid Waste Disposal Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides Vayu (Air) Carbon Credits Water (Aap) Conservation Sustainable use Role of NGOs Lifestyle choices

Goal, Vision, Mission & Charter of SLK Foundation
To be a channel in building awareness and enrollment of the Community to participate and contribute in sustainable environment * . *As per Deepak Chopra, changing awareness about an issue is the key to changing behavior. People act in certain way, out of a ignorant belief. If that ignorance changes with awareness drive, the behavior can change for better of planet. NGOs thru awareness campaigns, can change our long held beliefs/habits and make small beginning.. Vested interest lobbies often cloud common sense thinking. *As per Deepak Chopra, changing awareness about an issue is the key. Reason is that people act in certain way, out of a ignorant belief. If that ignorance changes with awareness drive, the behavior can change for better of planet 52 52

Choice before developing countries
Even though, the developing countries have no obligation to reduce emissions under Kyoto protocal, they have to make a choice. Do they want to promote fossil fueled Western model of growth? Or Eastern model that was based on partnering with nature? Eastern model may be the “Road is traveled!”. Yet developing countries can show the way to western world how to live in harmony with nature. * If whole world lives as irresponsibly as the Americans, end of world may not be very far**. Without diluting stand of developing countries in climate change negotiations, these countries can promote nature friendly practices in solid waste disposal, sustainable agriculture, new model for urbanization that emphasizes public transportation, green building technologies, preserve and grow more trees. Historically the Eastern way of living was always holistic and hence closer to nature. We have to reinvent it to suit modern times. *Nature cure remedies, though slower, have to side effects!! ***As per Deepak Chopra, changing awareness about an issue is the key. Reason is that people act in certain way, out of a ignorant belief. If that ignorance changes with awareness drive, the behavior can change for better of planet

SLK Foundation’s Plans
Solid Waste Disposal Take up contracts for solid waste disposal for societies, companies, colleges, etc Design incinerators for burning of dry waste for power generation Ecosan: Distribute (BOD) mobile trolley mounted public toilet under PPP for use of pilgrims, placed near Bus Stations, Railway stations Environment: with people participation Create in each city VrindaVans, Nandan-Vans (Nature Parks with Indian plants)

Sharing “Few Practical things”*
Use composting for wet organic waste-This will avoid release of methane from putrefying household waste. Re use water, three times, while washing clothes, as follows Rinse clothes in plain water, use this water for watering plants Use washing machine soapy water for swiping floors, car Use black soapy water after swiping floor tiles for outdoor areas Rinse cooking vessels with plain water, to catch food particles from clogging drain. Use this water with food particles to water plants. Plants will thrive on food particles, sugar from tea leaves. Re use water while washing vegetables, fruits Use this water for watering plants, as it is almost as good as clean water. Keep all dry garbage separate and give in away once in a month along with newspapers Re-use cooking oil after frying once, for lighting lamps before God. Do not pollute water by immersing idols, or throwing flowers in river, sea. * End Use Efficiencies that I have been doing 55

Sharing “Few Practical things”
Save all seeds of fruits for making plants, saplings in milk bags. You will be amazed how many samplings you can make. Avoid using potable water for flushing . Store urine in a container , mix with organic waste to give free Urea to plants . Do not dispose organic garbage in a plastic bag , tied with a knot Do not use poisonous pesticides in house for household pests. Use soap water, boric powder instead for mosquitoes, roaches. Allow lizards to grow in house , they will kill cockroaches ! Gift away samplings iso flower bouquets, garlands, etc in public functions Use Bi cycle or two wheeler wherever possible for short distance Do not use dryers but use cloth lines for drying clothes Choose to eat organic food stuff that does not need chemical fertilizers, pesticides to grow. * End Use Efficiencies that I have been doing are Simple steps can cut down greenhouse gas emissions New York: Basic steps taken by people daily can go a long way in cutting down greenhouse gas emissions, says a new study. Minimizing energy waste is a good place to start, said Thomas Dietz, professor of sociology and environmental science at Michigan State University (MSU). For instance, activities like routine vehicle maintenance and opting for the clothesline instead of the dryer could cut total US carbon emissions by five percent in just five years and 7.4 percent in 10 years, Dietz said. That's the equivalent of France's total carbon output, or total emissions by the US petroleum refining, steel and aluminium industries. Household energy consumption accounts for 38 percent of carbon emissions in the US and eight percent of world emissions, he said. 56

What more can you do? Choose from this…

World’s worst polluters
1. China China is the world's worst polluter nation with the highest overall annual emission of greenhouse gases (6,018 million tonne). However, in terms of per capita emissions it is ranked 44th in the world, emitting 4.5 tonne (per person). It has a renewable energy target (15 per cent of total energy by 2020) and an energy efficiency target (20 per cent reduction by 2010). China has pledged to cut its carbon intensity goal by per cent by 2020. Meanwhile, Australia has the world's highest per capita carbon dioxide emissions from energy use, according to the Maplecroft's CO2 Energy Emissions Index. An average Australian emitted tonne of carbon dioxide a year. Canada was third, followed by the Netherlands and Saudi Arabia. The list of nations most vulnerable to the effects of climate change was topped by Somalia, followed by Haiti and Afghanistan. China, India, Brazil and South Africa had rejected a Danish suggestion earlier to set a goal of halving world emissions by 2050, saying that rich nations must first set a model by cutting their emissions. Prior to Copenhagen Summit, China had sent out positive vibes that it is willing to reach an agreement. The country dreads the end of the Kyoto provisions. For, China has been the top receiver of tradable credits, thanks to the Kyoto provisions, getting as much as 59 per cent. The country is also optimistic of getting more funds and technology transfers from developed nations. The country being a leading exporter if solar-power and wind-power equipment, that could translate into an increased demand for its products. China pledged to curb voluntarily carbon emissions as a percentage of gross domestic product by 40 to 45 per cent by The Centre for Science and Environment, however, states that China's emissions will continue to grow but at a slower rate. How much is actually achieved will depend on the rate at which the Chinese economy swells. In other words, if the economy grows at 7 per cent per annum, then the emissions of China, after accounting for the per cent energy intensity reduction target will grow by 50 per cent over 2005 levels. If the economy grows at 10 per cent per annum, then the emissions will increase by 150 per cent over 2005 levels.

2. United States The United States is the second worst per capita carbon emitter with for tonne of emission per person. America is also ranked the world's second highest polluter with 5,903 million tonns of carbon dioxide emission. President Barack Obama plans to cut emissions by 17 per cent from 2005 levels by 2020. The world's eyes will be on him when he addresses the Copenhagen summit on climate change next week. United States of America The United States had rejected the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, with the then US President George W Bush arguing that the 5 per cent reductions required by Kyoto would 'wreck the American economy'. However, Copenhagen sees a glimmer of hope on President Barack Obama's stated intention to achieve an 80 per cent reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by Some people have even named the event the 'Hopenhagen' Summit. The US wants other countries, mainly China and India to commit on when their greenhouse-gas emissions will peak. The country will also ask for strict standards for reporting, monitoring and verification of emissions and reductions. The Centre for Science and Environment said that for the US, the emission cap translates into a mere 3 per cent reduction below the 1990 levels while science demands that developed countries cut their emissions by 40 per cent below 1990 levels. Besides, the US targets remain domestic and are not covered by a multilateral legally-binding agreement.

3. Russia Russia is ranked third with 1,704 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emission. Russia is ready to slash its greenhouse gas emissions by as much as 25 per cent, if other countries follow suit.

4. India India is world's fourth biggest polluter with 1,293 million tonne of carbon dioxide emission. The average person in India emits just 1.16 tonne per person annually. But with a rising population, the figures are likely to rise further. The government said it is ready to cut the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted per unit of economic output -- by between 20 and 25 per cent by 2020 from the 2005 levels. India is the world's number four greenhouse gas emitter. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh ended days of speculation by saying that he would attend the two-week climate change talks that began on Monday in Copenhagen, Denmark. India announced recently that it would aim to slow the growth of its carbon dioxide emissions over the next decade and beyond -- signalling a softening of its hard-line stance on climate change negotiations. Environment Minister Jairam Ramesh told Parliament recently that the country would reduce its 'carbon intensity' -- the amount of carbon dioxide emitted for each unit of gross domestic product -- by up to 25 per cent from 2005 to 2020. The minister stated that this improvement would be made on a voluntary basis. He also made it clear that India would not agree to any legally binding emissions targets. Environmentalists welcomed the minister's statement; opposition politicans did not. India's intensity of carbon dioxide or CO2 use is among the lowest in the world (and equal to that of Europe in 2007), and China's is among the highest. India's trend decline in intensity is comparable to the world's average. However, the centre categorically states that in no way do these 'new' targets put pressure on India to commit to any reduction target. The current Indian per capita emission is 1.1 tonne. For the US, this figure is more than 20 tonnes.

5. Japan Japan comes next in the list with 1,247 million tonne of carbon emission. However, the greenhouse gas pollution fell by 6.2 per cent in Japan in the last financial year. Japan plans to slash greenhouse gas emissions by 25 per cent from 1990 levels by 2020 if developed countries take significant initiatives.

6. Germany Germany is the 6th biggest polluter in the world with 858 million tonne of carbon dioxide emission. The United Nations says rich nations must cut greenhouse gas emissions steeply by 2020.

7. Canada Canada which emits tonne of carbon per person is the world 7th worst polluter, with an absolute carbon emmission of 614 million tonne. Canada now plans to reduce emissions by 20 per cent compared with 2006 levels by 2020.

8. United Kingdom The Uniited Kingdom's emission stands at 586 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emission. The European union agreed to cut emissions by 20 per cent to 2020, compared with 1990 levels. According to the government records, emission have dropped in the UK.

9. South Korea South Korea comes next in the worst polluters' list with 514 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emission. South Korea said it would cut greenhouse emissions 4 per cent below 2005 levels by 2020.

10. Iran Iran has 471 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emission. Iran is worst hit by air and water pollution. The Caspian sea is highly polluted posing a grave threat to marine life and the ecology.

World leading companies in solid waste
Veolia Environ, does solid waste management for Chennai Cyclope, French company Norcal Waste Systems, SFO

Sustainable Environment (Sujalam-Suphalam) by Partnering with Nature

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