1. Lesson 4 Cell Reference Formulas

2. Working with Cell References continued… Relative Cell Reference A relative cell reference means that the cell value changes “relative” to the cell in which it is copied. Absolute Cell Reference An absolute cell reference means that the cell value remains constant when copied to another cell or used in a formula. Ex. $A$3 Toggle Absolute Reference: F4 Created by: Qusheba Collins 2

3. Working with Cell References continued… Relative Cell Reference A relative cell reference means that the cell value changes “relative” to the cell in which it is copied. Absolute Cell Reference An absolute cell reference means that the cell value remains constant when copied to another cell or used in a formula. Ex. $A$3 Toggle Absolute Reference: F4 Created by: Qusheba Collins 3

4. Editing Formulas A formula can be edited any time after it has been created. You may change it in the formula bar or by double clicking the cell the formula is located and making the changes there. Hot Key Edit Mode – F2 Created by: Qusheba Collins 4

5. Exploring Functions A function is a special formula that does not use arithmetic operators to calculate a result. It is also known as a shortcut formula. An argument is a value that provides information to an action, event, method, property, function, or procedure. Created by: Qusheba Collins 5

6. Basic Statistical Functions Addition Function: = SUM() Average Function: =AVERAGE() Maximum Function: =MAX() Minimum Function: =MIN() Count Function: =COUNT() Created by: Qusheba Collins 6

7. AutoSum AutoSum allows you select a set of cells relative to cell the function is located in to be added. It resembles the Greek letter sigma and can be found in the editing group on the Home tab. Hot Key: ALT + = Created by: Qusheba Collins 7

8. Date Functions =NOW() returns the current date and time format as date and time to be used in calculations rather than a label (constant). =TODAY() returns the current date as a date. We will look at explanation in the Excel help menu to explain how date and time are based upon the computer system’s date and time. Created by: Qusheba Collins 8

9. Lesson 5: Working with Formulas and Functions Logical and 3D Formulas

10. Using Logic in Formulas A logical function is one that can return a true value or a false value. They are usually used in doing comparisons and seeing if things are equal to each other or not, or which is higher or lower. The logical functions that Excel provides are: TRUE FALSE AND OR NOT IF Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Define_logical_function_in_excel#ixzz1 YMRb8U4U http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Define_logical_function_in_excel#ixzz1 YMRb8U4U

11. Comparison Operators Excel uses comparison operators in logical functions Equal to: = Not equal to: <> Greater than: > Less than: < Greater than or equal to: >= Less than or equal to: <=

12. IF Statements The IF function returns one value if a condition you specify evaluates to TRUE, and another value if that condition evaluates to FALSE. For example, the formula =IF(A1>10,"Over 10","10 or less") returns "Over 10" if A1 is greater than 10, and "10 or less" if A1 is less than or equal to 10. Syntax: =IF(logical_test,value_if_true,value_if_false)

13. IF Statement Logical_Test logical_test: Any value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE. For example, A10=100 is a logical expression; if the value in cell A10 is equal to 100, the expression evaluates to TRUE. Otherwise, the expression evaluates to FALSE. This argument can use any comparison operator.

14. IF Statements Value_IF_TRUE value_if_true : The value that you want to be returned if the logical_test argument evaluates to TRUE. For example, if the value of this argument is the text string "Within budget" and the logical_test argument evaluates to TRUE, the IF function returns the text "Within budget." If logical_test evaluates to TRUE and the value_if_true argument is omitted (that is, there is only a comma following the logical_test argument), the IF function returns 0 (zero). To display the word TRUE, use the logical value TRUE for the value_if_true argument.

15. IF Statements Value_IF_False value_if_false: The value that you want to be returned if the logical_test argument evaluates to FALSE. For example, if the value of this argument is the text string "Over budget" and the logical_test argument evaluates to FALSE, the IF function returns the text "Over budget." If logical_test evaluates to FALSE and the value_if_false argument is omitted, (that is, there is no comma following the value_if_true argument), the IF function returns the logical value FALSE. If logical_test evaluates to FALSE and the value of the value_if_false argument is omitted (that is, in the IF function, there is no comma following the value_if_true argument), the IF function returns the value 0 (zero).

16. 3D Formula A reference that refers to the same cell or range on multiple worksheets is called a 3D reference. Using 3D formulas allows you to calculate data throughout a workbook using multiple worksheets. All 3D formulas are based on the syntax: Sheet1:Sheet4!A2:B5. A 3D formula is a formula that refers to the same cell (or range of cells) on multiple worksheets. The 3D formula "=SUM(Sheet1:Sheet4!A2)" can be used to add up the numbers in cell "A2" on 4 different worksheets. 3D Formula3D Formula

17. Let’s Practice Before we practice, what questions do you have about IF Statements and 3D Formulas…….