1. Quick Questions 1. 1.List statistics that highlight Glasgow’s special health problems. 2.Explain why it is important not to stereotype all people who live in Glasgow. 3.Identify and explain three reasons for ‘The Glasgow Effect’ 4.Outline the meaning of ‘biology of poverty’

2. Lesson Starter Health inequalities are the result of poor lifestyle CHOICES rather than poor lifestyle CHANCES. Do you agree with this statement? Why/ why not?

3. What will I learn? To identify how lifestyle choices can lead to health inequalities.

4. Success Criteria I can… Provide evidence of health inequalities in Scotland and the UK in terms of: Lifestyle choices

5. Lifestyle Issues Poverty is a major contributing factor explaining health inequalities. However this does not explain why the health of Scots is worse. Unhealthy diets and obesity, smoking, drugs and alcohol - all lifestyle choices - play a crucial role in one’s health. The rise in the number of overweight children is a phenomenon.

6. Lifestyle Issues Social Class and Obesity Lifestyle and Smoking Alcohol and Drug Abuse

7. 1. Social Class and Obesity Obesity is a class issue. The lowest social class have levels of obesity that match American levels. While the highest social class have the lowest obesity levels. Lifestyle choices include levels of exercise, diet, eating junk food, alcohol consumption and smoking. Only one quarter of women ate the recommended 5 a day. Linked to income - 13% of women in the least deprived 20% of the population ate five portions of fruit and veg - compared to 28% in the top 20%.

8. 2. Lifestyle and Smoking Smoking is an issue that is linked to social class and poverty. 2008 - 48% of adults in deprived areas of Scotland were smokers. Linked to poverty. More women die from lung cancer in Glasgow and Liverpool than anywhere else in the UK. Used to be men but the pattern has changed. It is clear that smoking is one factor that explains the different mortality rates between the social classes.

9. 3. Alcohol and drug abuse Excessive consumption of alcohol leads to ill health with increased likelihood of illnesses such as high blood pressure. 2010 NHS health survey showed that Scots are more likely to be drinkers than anywhere else in the UK. More likely to binge drink. Increase in young people who drink. The youngest person found to have alcohol- related liver damage was a 17 year old boy who started drinking at the age of 12.

10. What will I learn? To identify the gender inequalities that exist in relation to health.

11. Success Criteria I can… Outline the inequalities that exist between men and women in relation to health. List and explain the reasons for these inequalities.

12. Lesson Starter How can lifestyle choices lead to health inequalities?

13. Explaining Gender Health Inequalities Women live longer than men by about 5 years but women have greater ill- health. Men have higher early death rates for almost all categories of death (but gap closing). Women live longer than men by about 5 years but women have greater ill- health. Men have higher early death rates for almost all categories of death (but gap closing).

14. Men: take part in greater ‘risk- taking activities’ - generally smoke more, consume greater amounts of alcohol and have poorer diets, take part in dangerous sports and subject to more violence (although ‘ladette culture’ closing gap); Less likely to visit GP or take preventative care; do more physical/stressful manual labouring jobs. Women more likely to report illness at an earlier stage and therefore more likely to make use of their doctor. Pressures on men from social expectations and norms mean that they are more likely to suffer from health problems and death related to smoking, alcohol and fast driving.

15. Women: biologically live longer therefore greater ill health as older; impact of having and bringing up children - physical and mental stress of caring for children and elderly relatives; poorer paid employment. More likely to be lone parents. Women’s traditional domestic responsibilities lead them to suffer from higher levels of anxiety and depression compared to males, particularly if they are poor and are lone parents. Women are three times more likely than men to be affected by depression.

16. Explaining Gender Inequalities Employment Women with children, middle- class women who have paid employment suffer less illness than women from the same class who stay at home, while working class women with a paid job have worse health than those who don’t. Biological Reasons Women’s role in reproduction can cause ill health. Poverty Women are more likely to suffer from poverty and there is a link between poverty and ill health. The reasons can be linked to women’s position in society. May have to accept low paid jobs, head lone- parent families. Income Women are twice as likely to live in poverty. Life expectancy for women in the poorest constituency is 75 compared to 82 for those in the most affluent parts.

17. What will I learn? To identify the link between ethnicity and health.

18. Success Criteria I can… Outline the inequalities that exist amongst different ethnic groups. List and explain the reasons for these inequalities.

19. The UK’s ethnic minority groups experience ill- health and life expectancy rates similar to Whites in terms of social class, geographic location and gender. The UK’s ethnic minority groups experience ill- health and life expectancy rates similar to Whites in terms of social class, geographic location and gender. However, there are also differences in health e.g. Asians suffer more heart disease and Asian/Africans more strokes. However, there are also differences in health e.g. Asians suffer more heart disease and Asian/Africans more strokes. Ethnicity and Health Just as in the general population, poverty has an important impact on health in ethnic groups. Those groups that have incomes closest to the white population average, such as Indians, Africans, Asians and Chinese record health levels close to those of the white population. The groups that are poorest record significantly poorer levels of health. For example, Pakistanis and Bangladeshi record health levels that are 50% worse than whites.

20. Ethnicity Disease and Diet Ethnic minorities differ in their risk of suffering from certain diseases. Diabetes in particular is a problem for Pakistanis and Bangladeshis, who are more than five times more likely to suffer from it than white population. Pakistani and Bangladeshi men and women face a higher risk of heart disease than average whereas Chinese face a lower than average risk. Diet has a significant part to play in these variations. Many ethnic groups may have different diets because of cultural differences or to meet religious requirements. Culture Culture has a significant impact on lifestyle choice. For example, The Muslim religion does not permit the consumption of alcohol. As a result ethnic minorities suffer from fewer diseases related to alcohol. Barriers to accessing health care Many members of the minority ethnic community fail to access health care because of poor English language skills. Often without knowing interpreters, minorities have difficulty knowing what is available or explaining what the problem is. There are also cultural barriers. Different groups in the community have different ways of dealing with ill health and this may not be understood by health care professionals in the UK.