2. 1.Antibiotic- _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. Asexual Reproduction- _____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3.Bacteria __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 4. Biotechnology- __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 5. Blue-green Bacteria- ________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 6. Capsule __________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

3. 7. Colony- _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 8. Communicable Disease- _____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 9. Decomposer-______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 10. Endospore- __ __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 11. Fission - ________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 12. Flagellum- _______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 13. Virus - __________________________________________________________

4. 13. Host - _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 14 Interferon - ______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 15. Koch’s Postulaters -________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 16. Parasite - __ __________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 17. Pasteurization -____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 18. Saprophyte- ______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 19. Vaccine - ______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

5. An infectious particle made only of a ________________ or ________ surrounded by a ________________. _________________ microrganisms that can cause infection. ____________________ _____________________________________________ -Any __________________ or ___________________ that can cause an __________________________. -Also known as _________________________. LIVING THING PARTICLE INFECTIOUS DISEASE INFECTIOUS AGENT STRAND OF DNA RNA PROTEIN COAT ONE-CELLED PROKARYOTIC

6. Bacteria: 1.One of the 5 Kingdoms 2.Known as Monerans 3.One-celled structure 4.Lacks a nucleus However, they do contain nuclear material 5. 3 Groups of Monerans: 1.Round 2.Rod 3.Spiral _________________________________________ _________________________

7. ____________________: (300 could be in a line on the tip of your pencil, but they’re still larger than viruses) Found _____________________: (live in water, air, soil, food) Classified by ______________ Can be found as _______________, _____________, or _______________ Reproduce by __________________ MICROSCOPIC EVERYWHERE SHAPE SINGLE CELLS PAIRS COLONIES FISSION

8. Capsule No nucleus, (only one main chromosome) Cell Wall Cell Membrane Some have a capsule Cytoplasm Some have a flagellum cytoplasm Flagellum Chromosome Material Cytoplasm Capsule Cell Wall Cell Membrane Endospore

9. Surrounds the entire cell and keeps it from drying out:___________ Whip-like structure: __________ Thick-walled structure that forms inside the cell enclosing DNA material: ___________ Allows material to pass in and out of bacteria cell: ___________ Helps the bacteria cell to ‘stick’ to food and other surfaces:___________ Forms when living conditions are not ideal for bacteria to live: __________ Gives the cell a basic shape: __________ Contains the traits of the bacteria cell: __________ Helps bacteria cell to move: __________ ENDOSPORE CELL WALL CHROMOSOME FLAGELLA CAPSULE CELL MEMBRANE FLAGELLA CAPSULE

10. COCCI = ROUND BACILLI = ROD SPIRILLA = SPIRAL

11. Through Air: Bacteria can be transferred through the air by wind, sneeze, or cough Water: Drinking water containing bacteria Sexual Contact: exchange of body fluids including semen, mucus, and blood Insects: Carry bacteria and pass it when they bite or through their feces. ______________________________________________________________ Diseases that are passed from one organism to another. Can be spread in several ways:

12. MOISTURE CERTAIN TEMPERATURE FOOD DARKNESS, (MOST) OXYGEN, (MOST)

13. 1.______________________: 2.______________________: 3. ______________________: Parasites Saprophytes/ Decomposers Producers Feed off of a living host Use dead materials for food Contain chlorophyll and make their own food

14. ___________________ Pools and Spas Waste Bins/Garbage Toothbrushes Refrigerators Petting Zoos

15. Human Diseases caused by Bacteria : Strep throat Tuberculosis Some types of pneumonia Gonorrhea Meningitis __________________________________________

16. Chemicals that ___________ or ________________ the growth of bacteria Work by stopping bacteria from making ___________________. Produced naturally by some species of ________________ and _________________. The can be used as medicine without damage since animal cells do not have ________________. KILL SLOW CELL WALLS BACTERIA FUNGI CELL WALLS

20. Fire Blight Crown Gall Anthrax

21. Steps developed by _____________________ to determine if a disease is caused by a certain microscopic organisms. STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 Bacteria are removed from an infected organism Bacteria from the infected organism are grown in a laboratory A healthy organism receives the bacteria to see if the bacteria cause infection. The organism is compared with the organism from the first host ???????????????

22. 1.______________________- first destroying bacteria by raising temperatures, and then storing them in airtight containers. 2._____________________-process of heating milk to kill harmful bacteria. 3._____________________-slows the growth of food by lowering their temperature. 4._____________________-removing the water from foods so that bacteria can’t live there. Controlling Bacteria 1.__ Antiseptic _______________ - kills bacteria on living things 2.__Disinfectant______________ - kills bacteria on nonliving things CANNING PASTEURIZTION COOLING/FREEZING DEHYDRATION

23. 1.They ___________________dead matter, and ____________ ________ materials for other _________________________________. 2.Live in digestive track of animals and help them break down their food. I. E.: ________________________________________ 3.Live in human ________________ and make ___________________ 4.Help to make many products: 1.________________ 2.________________ 3.________________ 4.________________ 5.Foods; (__________________ and __________________) 6.___________________; (_______, ________________, and _______________) break downdecompose living things bacteria in cow stomachs intestines vitamins linen rope leather antibiotics textureflavor detergentsgas insulin Biotechnologies

24. 1. Manufacture vitamins_____________________ 2. Aid the _______________ process 3. Clean the ______________ tract 4. Destroy ______________, ________________, and _______________. 5. Help to increase the number of ______________________________ 6. Protect us from environmental _____________, ______________ and __________________. B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, A, & K DIGESTION INTESTINAL MOLDSVIRUSES OTHER PARASITES IMMUNE SYSTEM CELLS TOXINS PESTICIDESPOLLUTANTS

25. More recently, bacteria have been used to benefit the _____________________. _________________________: a process that uses microbes and other living things to break down pollutants. ENVIRONMENT BIOREMEDIATION 1.Clean up __________________ by digesting organic matter. 2.Break down __________________ materials, (__________________: ___________________________ ___________________________) 3.Purify ___________________ for reuse. OILSPILLS WASTE / TRASH BIODEGRADABLE The ability of bacteria to break down a material water

26. 1.Same characteristics of bacteria except they have _chlorophyll__ and can _make food__________________. 2.Usually have blue-green pigment, but can have _red_____, __black_____, __brown_________, or _purple_______ pigment. 3.Live in _ponds, lakes, soil and pools_. 4.Because they ___make their own food_____________, they produce ____oxygen____________ as a waste product. 5.Recycle __nitrogen_____________ and serve as ___food________ for animals. 6.If they overproduce, they can kill off other aquatic life by ____ using up the oxygen ________________________________

27. Did you know that there are more bacteria in your digestive system than there are cells that compose your body? That there are more helpful bacteria than harmful bacteria? That if you weighed the bacteria in your body it would way around 4 lbs?

28. 1.____________________-infectious particles that cause disease in plants 2.____________________- infectious particles made only of proteins that can cause other proteins to fold incorrectly a.Do not have _______________________ b.Play a part in certain disease in the _________________ c.Can ______________ for years, but once symptoms appear, prions are always ________________ because the body has no immune response against a ______________. VIROIDS PRIONS Genetic material Brain incubate fatal protein

29. 1. Neither ______________ Nor __________________ 2. ______________, (can only be seen with an ____________ microscope) 3. Not made up of __________ and have NO ________ _______ 4. Made of a ______________ part surrounded by a _________ 5. Do not __________ or __________ to changes in environment 6. Able to _______________, ONLY inside _________________ 7. Not a _______________, (very hard to classify but grouped by) 1.________________________ 2.________________________ 3.________________________ LIVINGNONLIVING MICROSCOPICELECTRON CELLSCELL PARTS CHROMOSOME-LIKE PROTEIN COAT GROWRESPOND REPRODUCELIVING THINGS KINGDOM TYPE OF CELL THEY INFECT SHAPE OF PROTEIN COAT SIZE OF VIRUS HOW BIG? What are viruses (Discovery)

30. VIRUSES HAVE DIFFERENT SHAPES 1.__________________: DNA material enclosed within lipid envelope. Often have spikes 2.________________: Long, narrow, coiled shape helix. 3._________________: Many sided viruses ENVELOPED HELICAL POLYHEDRAL

31. 1.PROTEIN COAT 2. CHROMOSOME-LIKE PART

32. 1 2 3 4 5 6

33. 1.________________________________________ ________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________ _______________________________________ 3.________________________________________ _______________________________________ 4.________________________________________ _______________________________________ 5.________________________________________ _______________________________________ 6. ________________________________________ _______________________________________

34. Viruses are spread by insects, air, water, food, and other organisms. ______________________________________________

35. Rabies-dogs Foot and Mouth-cattle Newcastle disease- chickens Distemper-dogs Cowpox-cows Feline leukemia-cats

36. Common Cold Flu German Measles Mumps Measles Chickenpox Mononucleosis Cold sores Hepatitis Polio Smallpox Herpes/Warts Aids

37. Mosaic disease-tobacco Bushy stunt-tomato Maize dwarf mosaic Mosaic disease-alfalfa Curly top-sugar beet Dwarfism-rice

38. 1._________________________: a. __________ known ‘cold’ viruses’ b. _____________ as the move from one host to the next 2._________________________: a. Spreads quickly and causes ___________________ - ____________________ of an infection that affects many people b. _____________ of US population is infected with flu each year c. Has a high _________________ rate of surface proteins on capsids-________________________________ __________________________________ d. __________ influenza subtypes infect ______________ e. Other subtypes might infect _____________________________ THE COMMON COLD 200 MUTATE INFLUENZA EPIDEMICS RAPID OUTBREAK 20% Only 3HUMANS HORSES, PIGS, WHALES, SEALS MUTATION MAKING A NEED FOR NEW! VACCINES EVERY YEAR! FluFlu of 1918

39. 1.Reduce carrier organisms such as mosquitoes, fleas, ticks 2.Cover your mouth or nose when you sneeze or cough. 3.Wash your hands frequently, especially after going to the bathroom or preparing food. 4.Avoid contact with the bodily fluids of others. ________________________________________________________________

40. 1.White Blood Cells: 2.Antibodies: 3.Interferon: 4. Vaccines: Special white blood cells that can surround and destroy a virus. __________________ _______________________________________________ __________________ _______________________________________________\ Chemicals made by specialized white blood cells Help destroy viruses and harmful bacterium May be destroyed directly by antibody OR may be held captive until white blood cells can surround and destroy it _______________________________________________ Chemical substance that interferes with the way viruses reproduce. Warning system to other cells Substances made from weakened or dead viruses. _______________________________________________ BioterrorVaccines (Discovery)

41. ___________: White blood cells that can surround and destroy, “_____” a pathogen. ___________: White Blood Cells that “Remember” antigen and produce _____________ Macrophage B-Cells antibodies eat

42. Chemicals made by specialized ____________________ Help ____________ viruses and harmful bacterium May be ____________________ ____________ OR may be held captive until _______________ can surround and destroy it WHITE BLOOD CELLS DESTROY DESTROYED BY ANTIBODIES macrophage

43. Bioterror Substances made from __________________________. Introduce a ___________ into the ________________. Stimulate ___________ into action, Which create ________________ and a ______________ record of the pathogen. Give organisms ____________ to future infections of same ________________. DEAD OR WEAKENED PATHOGENS DISEASE BLOODSTREAM B-CELLS ANTIBODIES MEMORY IMMUNITY PATHOGEN