Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Chapter 15: Manifest Destiny and the Growing Nation
Manifest Destiny means “obvious fate” It inspired hopes and dreams among Americans The phrase was coined by John O’Sullivan, a New York newspaperman America’s new territories contained native peoples and settlers from France, Spain, Mexico and other countries As people moved west they would impact the peoples already there America grew by treaties, settlement, and war
3
Expansion of the United States
4
The Louisiana Purchase
US wanted New Orleans, near the mouth of the Mississippi River Farmers floated their crops down the Mississippi R. to New Orleans Farmers depended on the moving their crops freely Territory of Louisiana went from Canada south to Texas and west to the Rocky Mts. Napoleon (France) owned Louisiana If he sold New Orleans farmers couldn’t ship their crops
6
Elbow Room
7
A Noble Bargain Jefferson sent James Monroe to buy New Orleans for $7.5 million Napoleon no longer needed Louisiana territory because of war with Britain Needed money and offered to sell Louisiana territory for $15 million April 30, 1803 signed a treaty selling Louisiana to US
8
The Purchase Debate Some people felt area too large to govern Eastern politicians thought they would lose power Some didn’t like the price of $15 million Some said it was unconstitutional However, in 1803 the Senate ratified the Louisiana Purchase Doubled the size of the United States
9
FLORIDA * Spain colonized Florida in 1500s * contained Seminole Indians, Spanish colonists, English traders, and runaway slaves Americans in southeast wanted Florida Slave owners in Georgia were angry that runaways went to Florida Landowners in Georgia angry over Seminole raids
10
Andrew Jackson Invades Florida
1818, President Monroe sent Andrew Jackson to stop Indian raids Told not to enter Florida Jackson went anyway with 1700 troops Executed 2 British subjects Replaced Spanish governor with American Spain demanded he be punished for illegal invasion “Govern or Get Out” Monroe sent message to Spain: govern Florida properly or get out 1819, Spain agreed to yield Florida US paid $5 million in settler’s claims US agreed to honor Spain’s claim to Texas In the end Florida was acquired thru diplomacy
11
TEXAS Region was well suited for growing cotton
Southerners hoped it would become part of US AMERICANS COME TO TEXAS Moses Austin received a grant of land to start American colony in Spanish Texas Son Stephen took over Colonists had to be moral, hardworking settlers who would become Mexican citizens and join the Catholic Church
12
RISING TENSIONS Tensions rose between the Americans in Texas and the Tejanos Americans used to governing themselves and resented taking orders from Mexican officials Unhappy that official documents were in Spanish Many were slaveholder and Mexico outlawed slavery in 1829 Tejanos complained that the Americans showed little respect for Mexican culture and wouldn’t become citizens Mexican government closed Texas to further immigration THE TEXANS REBEL William Travis called for revolution Stephen Austin asked Mexico to make Texas a separate Mexican state 1833 Austin went to Mexico and presented the demands General Santa Anna tossed Austin in jail In 1835 the Texans rose in revolt
14
The Alamo Site of battle in San Antonio for Texas independence from Mexico in 1836.
15
Texas heroes of the Alamo
Jim Bowie Davy Crockett William Travis Alamo flag of independence
16
Town of San Antonio was defended by 180 Texan volunteers
BATTLE OF THE ALAMO Town of San Antonio was defended by 180 Texan volunteers Texans used an old mission called the Alamo Santa Anna’s troops outnumbered the Texans by 10 to 1 Battle lasted 12 days March 6, Santa Anna stormed the mission He gave orders to kill everyone in the mission General Antonio de Lopez de Santa Anna
17
Marty Robbins: The Alamo
18
TEXAS WINS ITS INDEPENDENCE
Sam Houston lured Santa Anna into Texas to stretch out Santa Anna’s men and supplies Houston defeated Santa Anna in a surprise attack near the San Jacinto River Santa Anna was captured In exchange for his freedom he ordered all troops out of Texas Remember the Alamo
19
Annex To add a territory to a country. Such an addition is called an annexation.
20
Texas was known as the Lone Star state Wanted to be part of the US
TO ANNEX TEXAS OR NOT? Texas was known as the Lone Star state Wanted to be part of the US Remained independent for 10 years Southerners wanted to add a slave state Northerners opposed slavery and didn’t want Texas Some feared war with Mexico In 1845, Texas was admitted as the 28th state Sam Houston, president of the Lone Star Republic
21
OREGON COUNTRY Oregon Country stretched from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean Oregon was bounded in the north by Russian Alaska It was bounded in the south by Spanish California Claimed by 4 nations: Russia, Spain, Great Britain, and the United States Russia and Spain dropped out Britain and the US had a peaceful joint occupation
22
United States claimed Oregon based on Lewis and Clark expedition
DISCOVERING OREGON United States claimed Oregon based on Lewis and Clark expedition Route used by Lewis and Clark too rugged for wagon trains Jedediah Smith found a better route in 1824 Jedediah Smith South Pass through the Rockies
23
OREGON FEVER First people to Oregon were missionaries but they made few converts Sent reports of fertile soil and towering forests Inspired people to make the journey
26
ALL OF OREGON OR HALF? * 1844 presidential campaign used the Oregon territory * Polk wanted all of the territory * didn’t want a war with Britain *diplomatic settlement put the border at the 49th parallel
28
President Polk wanted to expand the US as far as he could
WAR WITH MEXICO President Polk wanted to expand the US as far as he could Wanted California and New Mexico Territories Would do it by purchase or force
29
Annexation of Texas was an act of war to Mexico
WAR BREAKS OUT IN TEXAS Annexation of Texas was an act of war to Mexico Texas and Mexico couldn’t agree on border Texas claimed the Rio Grande Mexico claimed the Nueces River Polk sent troops, 16 killed Congress declared war on Mexico in April, 1846 Rio Grande River Nueces River
30
FALL OF NEW MEXICO AND CALIFORNIA
* General Kearny led army West to occupy New Mexico and then California * John C. Fremont led a rebellion against Mexico in California California came under America Called the Bear Flag Republic General Stephen Kearny John C. Fremont
31
UNITED STATES INVADES MEXICO
Taylor Scott Zachary Taylor “Old Rough and Ready” Winfield Scott “Old Fuss and Feathers”
33
Mexican-American War Timeline
34
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Agreement between the United States and Mexico that ceded Mexican territory to the US.
35
TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO
Mexico gave Texas and region known as the Mexican Cession: included California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming United States paid Mexico $15 million and promised to protect Mexicans living in Texas and Mexican Cession territory
36
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
37
“FROM SEA TO SHINING SEA”
In 1853, James Gadsden purchase land south of Mexican Cession for $10 million Needed by railroad builders because it was flat and a good railroad route Called the Gadsden Purchase Gadsden Gadsden Purchase
39
America the Beautiful
Similar presentations
