1. Organization
Unit 3

2. Why is it important for environmentalists to understand how organisms are organized?
Every organism is a chemical factory that captures matter & energy from its environment and transforms them into structures & processes that make life possible…
We are learning Atoms …… Biosphere
Day 1

3. Levels of Organization
All elements are composed of one type of atom:
Atoms (the smallest particles that exhibit the characteristics of the element) are made of subatomic particles:
Protons (+) in the nucleus
Neutrons (0) in the nucleus
Electrons (-) outside the nucleus in electron cloud
Give atoms their weight
Day 1
Bohr Model of nitrogen
Dot diagram - shows valence electrons

4. Levels of Organization
Compounds: substances composed of different kinds of atoms
Day 2

5. Levels of Organization
The Four Organic Compounds that make up bio-compound in cells:
Lipids: fats & oils
Store energy & make up cell membrane
Carbohydrates: sugars, starches, & cellulose
Store energy & provide cell structure
Proteins: amino acids
Structure, enzyme, immunity
Nucleic acids: DNA & RNA (made of sugar, phosphate group, & nitrogen base)
Store & express genetic information
Day 2

6. Create a graphic organizer for the four macromolecules.
Be sure to include:
Name of Macromolecule
Function of Macromolecule
What are they made up of? (nucleotides, sugars, etc)
Examples! (eggs, cell membrane, fruit, etc)

7. 3. Bacteria
To Be Turned In:
Draw, color, and label the three cell types & their internal structures/ organelles
END OF DAY 2 – bubble map

8. Types of Cells I. Atoms II. Compounds III. Cells
Prokaryotic cells: have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
Seen in bacteria
Day 3

9. Types of Cells
Eukaryotic cells: have a nucleus & organelles bound by membrane
Seen in plants, animals, fungi, and protists
Organelles = tiny organs inside cell
Nucleus: house for DNA
Mitochondria: “power house”; performs respiration (makes energy from sugar)
Chloroplast: in plants only; performs photosynthesis (make sugar from sunlight)
Ribosomes: make protein
And more…
Day 3

10. Levels of Organization
6 Kingdoms
Prokaryotes/ Bacteria: (have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles):
1. Archaebacteria Kingdom: “extreme” prokaryotes
Found in hot springs, deep sea, sulfur springs
2. Eubacteria Kingdom: general prokaryotes
Found everywhere!
Important Note:
Bacteria act as decomposers
Day 3

11. Levels of Organization
Eukaryotes: (have nucleus & membrane-bound organelles):
3. Fungi Kingdom: eukaryotic multicellular absorptive *heterotrophs (eat others for food)
4. Protist Kingdom: eukaryotic single- and multi-celled
*autotrophs (make own food) & heterotrophs
Day 3

12. 5. Plant Kingdom: Eukaryotic multicellular autotrophs
4 Types:
Mosses
Ferns
Gymnosperms (i.e. conifers): seeds are not in flowers/fruits
Angiosperms : flowering plants that produce seeds in flower/fruit
6. Animal Kingdom: Eukaryotic multicellular heterotrophs
2 Types:
Invertebrates: animals without spines
Examples: Jellyfish, coral, sponges, insects, worms
Vertebrates: animals with spines; 5 main types:
Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
Day 3

13. Levels of Organization
Organisms can be organized into higher levels.

14. Levels of Organization
Population: same species living in an area
Species = group of similar organisms that can
interbreed
Example: all the Giant pandas in a forest
Community: group of different populations living in same area
Example: All the different plants & animals in a forest
Day 4

15. Levels of Organization
Ecosystems: area where living (biotic) & nonliving (abiotic) things interact
Where plants & animals interact with each other & the water, soil, wind, sunlight
Day 4

16. Levels of Organization
Biome: Ecosystems with similar climates and communities
Example: forest, desert, grassland
Biosphere: (Ecosphere)- all ecosystems of the earth
Hydrosphere: water portion of Earth
Lithosphere: rock/ ground portion of Earth
Atmosphere: air portion of Earth
Day 4

17. Ecosystem Pyramid
Choose an organism and illustrate a pyramid about the organism
Include biosphere, biome, ecosystem, community, population, and species.
Provide a definition/description of each level
See example for assistance 

18. Classifying Organisms
Classification: The process of putting similar things into groups
Taxonomy: the science of classifying organisms
Organisms are classified into Domains  Species

19. Classifying Organisms
Three Domains:
Archaea
Archaebacteria Kingdom
Bacteria
Eubacteria Kingdom
Eukaryota
Plant Kingdom
Fungi Kingdom
Protist Kingdom
Animal Kingdom

20. Classifying Organisms
Domain
Kingdom (king)
Phylum (phillip)
Class (came)
Order (over)
Family (for)
Genus (grape)
Species (soda)
Binomial nomenclature is used – Genus species
All organisms given two names

21. Human Taxonomy Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammals
Order Primates
Family Hominid
Genus Homo
Species Sapiens
Homo sapiens

22. The Theory of Natural Selection by Evolution
Evolution = The change in organisms over time
Important: populations change, not individuals
Evolution occurs by Natural Selection
Theorized by Charles Darwin

23. Natural Selection: The Steps
4/20/2017 9:40 PM
Natural Selection: The Steps
1. Genetic diversity in pop. Some individuals have traits better suited for the environment.
2. Individuals with advantageous traits survive longer & make more offspring.
3. Advantageous traits get passed on to the next generation (next set of offspring)
4. Over time, more individuals have these advantageous traits (adaptation)  evolution
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24. Adaptation= trait that helps organisms survive in their environment
Can be physical, physiological, behavioral, combo.

25. Environmental Science & Evolution
Antibiotic resistance = bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics through natural selection.
The steps:

26. Environmental Science & Evolution
Widespread use of antibiotics in medicines, household products & farming has lead to resistant bacteria!
Examples include E. coli and MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

27. Environmental Science & Evolution
Pesticide Resistance = pests develop resistance to chemicals through natural selection