1. Best standards for fuels made of waste Position of ECOS - European Environmental Citizens Organisation for Standardisations Presented by: Christian Tebert, ÖKOPOL Expert contracted by ECOS for CEN-Technical Committee 343 and QUOVADIS Workshop Rome, 2007-10-24 Institute for Environmental Strategies

2. Workshop Rome 2007-10-24 Position of ECOS - European Environmental Citizens Organisation for Standardisation European Environmental Citizens Organisation for Standardisation; Non-profit Association, established in 2002 located in Brussels; funded by the European Commission; status of an Associate Member of CEN; Members: 17 Environmental NGOs (e.g. Friends of the Earth, WWF, EEB), working on European and/or national level; http://www.ecostandard.org Who is ECOS?

3. Institute for Environmental Strategies Workshop Rome 2007-10-24 Position of ECOS - European Environmental Citizens Organisation for Standardisation Aims of ECOS regarding strategies on waste Promote the prevention principle of the waste hierarchy: => Minimisation of waste by prevention at source Promote a high level of resource management: => Closing the loop: return materials to recycling Promote reduction of pollutants of the waste => Separation of wastes containing heavy metals Promote a safe and sustainable disposal

4. Institute for Environmental Strategies Workshop Rome 2007-10-24 Position of ECOS - European Environmental Citizens Organisation for Standardisation Position on waste fuels ("Solid recovered fuels") Conditions to start waste fuel production: local strategies on waste prevention at source are established for companies/households local systems for separate collection of hazardous substances are installed systems for material recycling systems have been assessed / successfully implemented use of waste as fuel (co-incineration) leads to similar or less pollution than waste incineration

5. Institute for Environmental Strategies Workshop Rome 2007-10-24 Position of ECOS - European Environmental Citizens Organisation for Standardisation  The use of waste fuels shall not increase pollution of ambient air or water increase pollution of products (like cement) Aims of best standards for waste fuels Pollutants shall be directed to “sinks” (will have contact with atmosphere) - by separate collection, by separation techniques - by incineration only in adequate installations, providing of best available abatement techniques

6. Institute for Environmental Strategies Workshop Rome 2007-10-24 Position of ECOS - European Environmental Citizens Organisation for Standardisation Disposal situation: Cement Possible release of pollutants in co-incineration Non-hazardous waste Dedicated Waste Incinerator Disposal Co-incineration Power plant Co-incineration Cement kiln Future situation: Non-hazardous waste SRF

7. Institute for Environmental Strategies Workshop Rome 2007-10-24 Position of ECOS - European Environmental Citizens Organisation for Standardisation CEN-Classes on waste fuels Classification is made with ranges of 1) net calorific value: 3 MJ/kg (as received) = minimum 2) chlorine: 3 % (mean) = maximum 3) mercury: max. 0,5 mg/MJ (median)+1 mg/MJ (80%)  Waste with high water content is "quality fuel" ?  If Hg 7,5 mg/kg (and 15 MJ/kg) = "quality fuel" ?  Heavy metals others than mercury are not limited, e.g. cadmium (to air), nickel, lead, chromium … (to ashes -> are later incorporated into cement)  Content of pollutants is too little restricted!

8. Institute for Environmental Strategies Workshop Rome 2007-10-24 Position of ECOS - European Environmental Citizens Organisation for Standardisation Mercury in CEN standards for waste fuels  Limit of class 1 is preventing pollutant release  all other classes imply the risk of dissemination of pollutants to ambient air  Should only be used, if activated coke systems are used in the co-incineration plant !

9. Institute for Environmental Strategies Workshop Rome 2007-10-24 Position of ECOS - European Environmental Citizens Organisation for Standardisation ECOS acknowledges that energy use from biomass content of waste contributes to climate protection ECOS agrees that high energy efficiency can be reached by use of waste fuels in cement plants/ energy plants, compared to waste incinerators ECOS requires before waste fuel production: establishing waste prevention and recycling systems waste with a low net calorific value or with a high level of pollutants shall not be classified as "fuel". The pollutant content should be restricted. ECOS conclusion on standards for waste fuels

10. Institute for Environmental Strategies Workshop Rome 2007-10-24 Position of ECOS - European Environmental Citizens Organisation for Standardisation Thank you for you attention Email: Tebert@oekopol.de