1. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 1 Reactor  13 in the USA Will discuss  Physics case for a “medium” sin 2 2  13 ≤0.01 reactor experiment.  Status of “Midwest”  13 project at Braidwood, Illinois. Will not discuss  Highly advanced, but regrettably suspended Diablo Canyon project.  American involvement in Double-Chooz, Daya Bay, KASKA, and other international efforts beyond US borders.  US political situation, reactor or otherwise.

2. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 2 Physics Case for sin 2 2  13 ≤0.01 Reactor-only:  Uniquely clean and precise measurement of  13.  Medium Braidwood style experiment exploits both rate and shape. Reactor+T2K/No a (M. Shaevitz)  Medium experiment resolves (45±  23 )° degeneracy for  23.  Small D-Chooz type experiment may leave ambiguity. But for T2K/No a with + running:  Minimal impact on mass hierarchy from reactors.  Modest impact on CP violation from reactors.  Caveat: A D-Chooz null result would make this physics tough for everybody. Huber et al. hep-ph/0303232

3. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 3 M. Shaevitz Study:  sin 2 2  13 (true)=0  sin 2 2  13 (true)=0.05 Reactors get  13 !

4. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 4  23 45 deg. reflection degeneracy 1.5%  sin 2 2  23  Medium Braidwood-like reactor + / off-axis resolves ambiguity.  Result holds even without high precision  23.  D-Chooz may leave degenerate solutions, even with precise  23.

5. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 5 Precision MeV Physics  Robust observable, first order flux cancellation.  Addresses “NuTeV anomaly” at NuTeV precision.  Interesting EW tests (ST plane) at Q 2 =0.  Challenging singles measurement, needs: Depth to suppress  spallation. Borexino-level radioactivity. Use of low background energy window. ≤ 1% systematics (calibrations).

6. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 6 Braidwood Experiment Details  People.  Location.  Layout.  Detectors.  R&D.  Schedule.

7. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 7  ANL: M. Goodman, V. Guarino, D. Reyna  Chicago: E. Abouzaid, K. Anderson, E. Blucher, J. Pilcher, M. Worcester  Columbia: J. Conrad, J. Link, M. Shaevitz  FNAL: L. Bartoszek, D. Finley, H. Jostlein, C. Laughton, R. Stefanski  Kansas State: T. Bolton, J. Foster, G. Horton-Smith, D. Onoprienko, N. Stanton  Michigan: B. Roe  Oxford: S. Biller, N. Jelley  Pittsburgh: D. Naples, V. Paolone  Texas: J. Klein Midwest  13 Collaboration

8. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 8 Location  <50 km from two US national labs: Fermilab + Argonne National Lab.  ANL has ~50 years of reactor expertise.

9. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 9 Reactor Complex But:  Cost risk associated with “green field” site.  Reactor managment presently encouraging, but tough decisions lie ahead.

10. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 10 Basic Scheme  One near detector at ~270m; at least two far detectors at ~1700m.  Near and far detectors at 450 mwe depth (if bore hole samples confirm).  Identical 6.5m diameter 3-zone (a la D-Chooz) spheres.  Gd-loaded LS fiducial in 25-50 ton range, depending on buffer optimization.  LS  -catcher + non-scintillating buffer.  Passive and active external shielding.  Detectors fully constructed at surface sites.  Detectors lowered down shafts (a la KASKA).  Detectors movable via surface transport for cross calibration.

11. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 11 Layout Schematic Note: reactor management has agreed to shorten near access tunnel length from 300m to 50m ($$$!).

12. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 12 Aerial View

13. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 13 Mechanical Conceptual Design  Lifting points allow full assembly at surface.  Permits far detectors to move to near site for cross calibration.

14. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 14 “Hoist and Roll” Scheme  “Common” procedure in industry.  Considerably cheaper than tunneling.  Favorable terrain at Braidwood site using truck on gravel road or rails, depending on load stresses.  Clearly requires careful design/implementation studies (underway). Left: 750 ton test lift by crawler crane. Right: 200 ton drilling equipment on gantry + self-propelled platform trailer. (ALE Lastra).

15. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 15 Hall Layout

16. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 16

17. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 17 Acrylic Sphere Support  Multiple <2.5 cm dia. Spacers.  Assumes simultaneous filling for neutral buoyancy.  Ongoing work at ANL, U. Chicago.

18. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 18 Software  Parametric and full G4 hit-level simulations (D. Onoprienko).  Good agreement with Chooz measurements (after some pain).  Optimizing geometry (R FID vs. R  -C vs. R BUF ).

19. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 19 Cost/Schedule  Detailed estimate prepared for underground construction at Braidwood site prepared by independent consultants (Hilton and Associates, Inc.).  Included civil construction; outfitting with pumps; elevators, ventilation, etc.; and decommissioning costs at experiment end.  Permanent surface structures, detectors not yet included.  Detail level sufficient for re-scaling to optimized layouts. First iteration: two 300 mwe shafts, different detector hall designs, 300m tunnel for near site access: $35M cost, 39 month construction schedule. Revised layout: considerably shortened near access tunnel, 450 mwe depth (160m rock+20m soil). Cost in $25-35M range, <24 month construction schedule.  Detector cost (from MiniBoone scaling) ~ $8M/detector.

20. July 28, 2004Tim Bolton NUFACT 2004-- OSAKA 20 Summary  Compelling physics case for a sin 2 2  13 ≤0.01 experiment. Medium scale reactor best short-term choice. Importantly extends Double-Chooz capabilities (provide ~3×better sin 2 2  13 sensitivity; with LBL, resolve  23 45 degree reflection degeneracy; open new field of precision MeV physics.)  Braidwood site an attractive choice: High power modern reactor complex with cooperative management. Simple layout with deep near site and possibility of movable detectors. Access to national lab infrastructure.  Current status: Active lab + university-based R&D. Bore hole study at Braidwood soon that follows up detailed costing studies. Preparing R&D proposal this Fall towards full proposal in 2005.