1. Chapter 3 The Age of Exploration and Isolation, 1400-1800
Seeking spices and converts, European nations lead successful voyages of exploration to the East. China and Japan both limit foreign contact after a brief period of acceptance

2. What motivated more Europeans to get involved in trading with the East?
Italians controlled the trade and charged them high prices for the trade goods.
“God, glory, and gold”
the hope to convert Muslims
to bring fame and prestige to themselves and their countries
enrich themselves

3. Portugal and Exploration
Prince Henry the Navigator
founds a navigation school on the southwestern corner of Portugal
mapmakers
instrument makers
shipbuilders
scientists
sea captains

4. Portugal and Exploration: Portugal’s Trading Empire
Africa to Asia
Brings down prices so Europeans can afford Asian goods

5. Portugal vs Spain 1492 – Columbus reaches the Caribbean
Tension grows between Portugal and Spain
1493 – Pope Alexander VI steps in and sets the Papal Line of Demarcation
1494 – Portugal and Spain negotiate and sign the Treaty of Tordesillas

6. The Dutch Take-over the East Indies
1600 – Dutch own 20,000 ships
Amsterdam becomes a leading commercial and financial center

7. Section 2 China limits european contacts
Upon completion, students should be able to:
Summarize the rise of the Ming Dynasty.
Explain the outcome of the early Chinese sea voyages.
Describe living conditions under the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

8. China Rejects European Advances
Advances under the Ming and Qing dynasties left China self-contained and uninterested in European contact
The first Ming emperor, Hongwu encouraged a return to Confucian moral standards
Ming rulers would not allow outsiders to threaten the peace and prosperity they had brought to China following the end of Mongol rule

9. Era of the Ming

10. The Ming Dynasty The Voyages of Zheng He
Sponsored by Hongwu’s son Yonglo
Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and eastern Africa
to impress the world with the power and splendor of Ming China and to expand China’s tribute system
ships up to 440 ft. long with fleet’s crews numbering over 27,000
Chinese scholars-officials see the voyages as wasteful
Seventh and last voyage ended in 1433

11. The Ming Dynasty China Isolates Itself
Only the government to conduct trade
Chinese merchants smuggled cargoes of silk, pottery, and other valuable goods
Confucian beliefs and agriculturally favorable taxes keep China from becoming highly industrialized.

12. The Qing Dynasty
after 200 years of rule ineffective rulers, corrupt officials, bad harvests, economic issues, and rebellion cause the fall of the Ming Dynasty
the Manchu people from the northeast end of the Great Wall invaded
they took the name Qing for their dynasty that lasted for more than 260 years

13. The Qing Dynasty
bring Taiwan, Chinese Central Asia, Mongolia, and Tibet into China
forced Chinese men to wear their hair in a pigtail as a sign of submission to their rule
uphold Confucian beliefs and social structures
made the frontiers safe and restored China’s prosperity

14. The Qing Dynasty Kanxi, 1661-1721 reduced government expenses
offers intellectuals government positions
keeps a relationship with Jesuits who keep him up to date with developments in Europe
Kanxi’s grandson Qian-long rules China to its greatest size and prosperity
continue policy of isolation and “Chinese rules“ for trade

15. The Qing Dynasty King George III asks for a better trade arrangement
representative Lord George McCartney refuses to kowtow the emperor
Qian-long denies Britain’s request
Why was the kowtow ritual important to the Chinese emperor?

16. The Qing Dynasty
Korea
follows Chinas lead: paying tribute, adopting a Confucian government, and staying isolated
China’s “little brother”
Manchu invasion and 1590 Japanese invasion evoke feelings of nationalism
Korean themes evident in art

17. The Qing Dynasty Daily Life farmers favor sons over daughters women
educated children and handled family finances
1/2 to 2/3 suffered through foot-binding
drama is popular as literacy rates are low

18. Section 3 Japan Returns to Isolation
Upon completion, students should be able to:
1. Trace the events that allowed Japan to become united under Tokugawa Ieyasu.
2. Describe feudal life in Japan.
3. Summarize the early contacts between Japan and the Europeans.
4. Discuss the reasons why Japan became an isolated country in the 17th century.

19. Japan Limits Western Contacts
After a period of severe disorder, the Tokugawa Shogunate unifies Japan. In the two centuries of peace and prosperity that follow, the Japanese close their country to foreign ideas by banning Christianity and severely restricting foreign trade

20. Japanese shoguns

21. Tokugawa Shogunate Tokugawa Ieyasu unites Japan, 1600
moves capital to Edo, modern-day Tokyo
daimyo govern at the local level
“rule of law” overcomes “rule of the sword”
increased food productions
increased population
merchant class and rich prosper
poor still struggle
women work in traditional roles
towns people read urban fiction and haiku
Tokugawa Shogunate rules until 1867

22. Contact Between Europe and Japan
Portuguese come to trade
daimyo are welcoming
intrigued by trade goods, especially firearms and cannons
new fortified castles turn into towns and cities with the attraction of artisans and merchants

23. Contact Between Europe and Japan
Christianity in Japan
Jesuits, Franciscans, and Dominicans convert Japanese
300,000 converts by 1600
Ieyasu finds Christianity troubling so he bans it in 1612
Persecution of Christians continues
All Japanese are forced to demonstrate a faithfulness to some branch of Buddhism
1639 – Tokugawa Shogunate institute a “closed country policy” that lasts for more than 200 years
START OF JAPANESE ISOLATIONISM