1. FLOTATION
OF MINERAL
MATERIALS

2. Classification of materials according to their ability to flotation

3. Class 1. Naturally hydrophobic materials
Graphite, talc, sulfur, some sulfides, coals
collectors: apolar compounds which increase hydrophobicity and speed up flotation

4. Simplified model of coal unit
Contact angle depends on method
of measurement
Hydrophobicity of coal vs. coalification degree

5. Zeta potential (and electrical charge) depends on coalification degree
Coalification vs H, O, and C content in natural carbonaceous matter

6. Class 2. Native metals and sulfides
A) Metals occurring in nature: iron, mercury, copper, gold, platinum metals
B. Sulfides:
lead (galena, PbS)
copper (chalcocite, covellite, chalcopyrite, bornite)
silver (argentite)
zync (sphalerite)

7. Class 2. Native metals and sulfides

8. Xanthate flotation of pyrite

9. Class 3. Oxidized minerals of non-ferrous metals
cerussite (PbCO3)
vanadinite (Pb5[Cl(VO4)3])
anglesite (PbSO4)
malachite (CuCO3·Cu(OH)2
azurite (2CuCO3·Cu(OH)2)
chrysocolla (hydrated copper silicate)
tenorite (CuO)
cuprite (Cu2O)
smithsonite (ZnCO3)

10. Class 3. Oxidized minerals of non-ferrous metals
Approaches:
1. Sulfidization
2. Flotation using either cationic or anionic collectors (as in the case of oxide-type minerals)

11. Class 4. Oxides and hydroxides
Consists of simple oxides (Fe2O3, SnO2), oxyhydroxides (AlOOH) as well as complex oxides and complex hydroxides (spinels, silicates, aluminosilicates).

12. Class 4. Oxides and hydroxides
Oleate flotation of oxide and silicates

13. Class 4. Oxides and hydroxides
Amine flotation of quartz

14. Class 5. Sparingly soluble salts

15. Class 5. Sparingly soluble salts
NaOl - sodium oleate, DDA-dodecylamine, SDS,- sodium dedecyl sulfite

16. Class 5. Sparingly soluble salts
Flotation with potassium octylohydroxymate

17. Class 5. Sparingly soluble salts

18. Class 6. Soluble salts

19. Class 6. Soluble salts

20. Hallimond flotation cell

21. Laboratory Mechanobr flotation machine

22. Denver DR flotation machine

23. Jameson flotation cell