2. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the three approaches Understand the basic assumptions behind the brain What has been assigned today? What is Due? Entry Task (ET): What is the most important factor that controls all of your behavior? Agenda  Intro the three levels of analysis  Introduction to Bio Exit Ticket: What is a correlational study?

3. Just why does little Jake behave like he does????

4. We are going to analyze little Jake— what is wrong with him????

5. Task: in your table group of 3. First read “A case of aggression.” Respond to the Exercise 2 questions—1 person from your group, in writing.

6. Task: in a group of three—read through your list of possible explanations and determine which are biological, which cognitive and which socio-cultural.

8. Currently, psychologists believe that all behavior is attributable to three different factors-- Biologically Socio- culturally Cognitively

9. Jake’s aggression Family history observing his dad’s violent behavior Exposure to violent video games Bulllying/taunting Even though his father was a bully, Jake perceived him as getting what he wanted Lost his job Weather was hot and sticky He was out of breath and tense when he arrived at the bar He drank a strong drink rapidly Perception that his friends wanted him to ‘do something’ He thought over and over that nothing was going right and that nothing would ever go right.

10. Respond to the prompt: Explain to what extent is aggression caused by biological, socio-cultural and cognitive factors. –Identify the command terms Explain Give a detailed account including reasons or causes. –Turn the prompt into your own assertion (thesis statement.) –Identify the evidence you will use to support your assertion (items from the list.)

11. The Biological Level of Analysis

12. Principles relevant to the BLA Bidirectional relationship between cognition and biological systems. –Rather than focusing on Nature versus Nurture, the biological approach focuses on the interaction of nature and nurture –Stress, for example, is in response to the environment, which then changes your physiology –Basically an inter-actionist approach to human behavior.

13. Underlying principles to remember with regard to the biological perspective: Why do many of us look at the door when someone walks in? Why do we not eat ants and other bugs? Why do babies smile and respond to their parents at a really early age? Behavior can be innate—because it is genetically based, therefore evolution plays a key role in behavior.

14. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the underlying principles of the BLA Be able to label all the parts of a Neuron What has been assigned today? Approaches Reading. What is Due? Entry Task (ET): Get your test as you walk in. Answer the reflection questions. Agenda  Go over methods test  Finish principles Exit Ticket: What are the parts of a neuron?

15. Test Reflection-record in notes Which part of the assessment did you do well on? Why? Which part of the assessment did you fall short? Why? Correct your mistakes. What questions do you need to have answered today? What will you work on for the next assessment?

16. Underlying principles to remember with regard to the biological perspective: Animal research gives insight into human behavior—thus much of biological research is done on animals

17. Underlying principles to remember with regard to the biological perspective: What happens in our brain when we fall in love with someone? There are ‘biological correlates of behavior’—meaning that there are specific links between physiology and behavior

18. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the underlying principles of the BLA Be able to label all the parts of a Neuron What has been assigned today? What is Due? Entry Task (ET): Reading Quiz Agenda  Go over methods test  Finish principles Exit Ticket: What are the parts of a neuron?

19. Reading Quiz What effect can neurotransmission have on behavior? Name the four principles.

20. Underlying principles to remember with regard to the biological perspective: Behavior can be innate—because it is genetically based, therefore evolution plays a key role in behavior. Animal research gives insight into human behavior—thus much of biological research is done on animals There are ‘biological correlates of behavior’— meaning that there are specific links between physiology and behavior Reductionist approach to research —studying the parts gives insight to the whole—this is also a criticism.

21. Underlying principles to remember with regard to the biological perspective: Reductionist approach to research — studying the parts gives insight to the whole—this is also a criticism.

22. Principles Now in your table groups go through and come up with real life examples that illustrate these principles.

23. Key concepts that serve as the basis of the biological approach Different areas of the brain carry out different functions (Broca) Hormones play an important role in our psychological functioning The nature of the nervous system is electrical in part (Galvani) Small gaps exist between nerve cells that require the action of chemicals to carry neural transmissions across these gaps

24. Neuroscience Why we study the brain at all. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PfQkDH opJs8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PfQkDH opJs8

25. POP guide POP stands for “Proof of Practice”—these will guide you through what you need to know to be successful in this class. First one, Explain why the reductionist approach, as adopted by many biological psychologists, may be regarded as controversial. –(Released exam question—2010)

27. Step 1 Keeping up with the reading—responding to the guiding questions IN WRITING if you don’t know the answer before you read it. What you are doing is growing neural connections—which require DOING SOMETHING—reading, writing, thinking This is where you get the knowledge & understanding for the body paragraphs of your timed writes

28. Step 2 Coming to class and actively participating—most of you are doing a great job with this! More dendrites grow... More neural connections

29. Step 3 Completing your POPs when you have your textbooks & notes in front of you, as well as the research studies—you put these together. They become your study guide for your timed writes—the more detail within them, the better the timed write.

30. Write down the prompt. Predict relevant underlying principles Leave space for your assertion. Content: take your notes today with the prompt in mind.

31. POP #1 As we go through the material you need to learn to be able to respond to this prompt, you will want to organize it in the POP format. Prompt: To what extent does neurotransmission affect behavior? To what extent—Consider the merits of an argument. Opinions and conclusions should be presented.

32. Neurotransmission Essentially we are all about our neurotransmitters. You will need to be able to explain the neurotransmission process using the appropriate terms & vocab. –Dendrites, axons, terminal fibers, vessicles or terminal buttons, action potential, threshold, firing, refractory period, electrical – chemical process, myelin sheath, cell body or soma

33. The Amazing Brain http://www.pbs.org/wnet/brain/3d/

35. Beginning at the beginning… How many protoplasmic kisses will you have today?How many protoplasmic kisses will you have today? So what is a neurotransmitter?So what is a neurotransmitter? Why should we care anyway?Why should we care anyway? Remember….Remember….

36. Objective today: To be able to describe the structure of a neuron and how they makeTo be able to describe the structure of a neuron and how they make

37. A demo... Using your body to represent a neuron, explain the neurotransmission process.Using your body to represent a neuron, explain the neurotransmission process. –One arm/hand represents dendrite –One arm/hand represents axon terminal, fingers are the vesicles –Your body is the cell body –The space between you and a receiving neuron (next student) is the synapse.

39. Vesicles Action potential Threshold Electrical chemical process Refractory period

40. Parts of a Neuron Dendrites—many branching fibersDendrites—many branching fibers –dendrites receive neurotransmitters –send impulses TO cell body Cell body—nucleus—something huge happens thereCell body—nucleus—something huge happens there

41. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the underlying principles of the BLA Be able to label all the parts of a Neuron What has been assigned today? Neuro- Messages HW What is Due? Bring Companion Book tomorrow Entry Task (ET): What are the parts of a neuron? Agenda  Neurotransmitters  Video on learning Exit Ticket: If you were to describe yourself as a neurotransmitter, which one would you be? Explain!

42. Action Potential electrical impulse requiredelectrical impulse required must reach a threshold... or nothing happens....must reach a threshold... or nothing happens.... But... once it does...watch out!But... once it does...watch out! There is no stopping it!!There is no stopping it!!

43. Once it fires... chemical messengers are sent...chemical messengers are sent... Protoplasmic kisses happen...Protoplasmic kisses happen... neurotransmitters cross the synapse and stuff happens...neurotransmitters cross the synapse and stuff happens... at about 100 times a secondat about 100 times a second

44. And even more amazing.... At 250 miles per hour!!!!At 250 miles per hour!!!!Wow!!

45. A visual.....

46. A field trip... A physical demonstration to understand the concept of neurotransmission— specificallyA physical demonstration to understand the concept of neurotransmission— specifically –The concept of reaching a threshold –Firing –And the rest period necessary before refiring can occur again— refractory period

47. Virtual Field TripVirtual Field TripVirtual Field TripVirtual Field Trip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= T-3Iq3XQkAw

48. Axons—one per cell –axons send neurotransmitters –terminal fibers –vesicles—holds the neurotransmitter chemicals –myelin sheath—makes it happen FAST

49. Neurotransmitters affect everythingaffect everything –every single thing that happens in your body—physiologically, psychologically— highs, lows and in-betweens—all happen as a result of neurotransmitters

50. Neurotransmission live! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90cj4N X87Yk&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90cj4N X87Yk&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90cj4N X87Yk&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90cj4N X87Yk&feature=related The role of neurotransmitters http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haNoq8U bSyc&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haNoq8U bSyc&feature=related

51. Vesicles

52. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the underlying principles of the BLA Be able to explain the process of neurotransmission Be able to give examples of how neurotransmission affects behavior What has been assigned today? What is Due? Entry Task (ET): Write out the four principles of the BLA? Agenda  Simulation  Go over Studies  Body Systems Exit Ticket: What are the parts of a neuron?

53. Neural Transmission : a demonstration Need 5 volunteers- 4 dendrites and cell body. Need 5 more- you are the axon. Need 2 more- you are my terminal fibers The rest you will form another neuron. Directions: +s on the ground are the electricity that travels and activates the neuron. –Eat chocolate pick a card- 3 equals threshold –Then drop the cards –Axons pick them up and drop them.

54. The synapse

55. Action potential

56. Vesicles

57. Into the synapse

58. Reception

59. Breakdown/reuptake

60. Overview of neurotransmission 1.Action potential (electrical impulse) passed down presynaptic neuron 2.Vesicles move to the edge of synaptic button 3.Vesicles dump neurotransmitter into synapse 4.Neurotransmitter is taken up by receptors on postsynaptic neuron 5.Postsynaptic neuron is either encouraged to ‘fire’ or not to fire 6.Neurotransmitter in synapse is either broken down or transported back into presynaptic neuron

61. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the underlying principles of the BLA Be able to label all the parts of a Neuron What has been assigned today? Bring your companion book What is Due? Entry Task (ET): Quiz Agenda  Review Neurotransmission  Go over neurotransmitters Exit Ticket:

62. Neurotransmitters

63. Examples of f(x) Acetylcholine Is believed to affect learning, memory and attention. People with Alzheimer´s disease may have a lack of ACh. Epinephrine Emotion, stress Serotonin Inhibits behaviour and is involved with sleep, mood, aggression, love, anorexia and OCD. (Caspi 2003, Marazziti) Dopamine Involved with movement, pleasure, addiction, love and learning. People with Parkinson´s disease have a lack of Dopamine. People with Schizophrenia have an excess of dopamine. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/drugs/mouse.html

64. Remember Our prompt? To what extent does neurotransmission affect behavior?To what extent does neurotransmission affect behavior? We are going to focus on a specific behavior: learning and determine how neurotransmission affects it.We are going to focus on a specific behavior: learning and determine how neurotransmission affects it. Video segment #17, The Brain-tomorrowVideo segment #17, The Brain-tomorrow –Look for info that will answer the question

65. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the underlying principles of the BLA Know and be able to apply two experiments on the affects of neurotransmitters. What has been assigned today? Bring your companion book What is Due? Entry Task (ET): Draw a neuron and label it. Agenda  Experiments on Neurotransmitters  Nervous System  Endocrine System  Hormones Exit Ticket:

66. Must know studies: explain the aim, method, findings, and strengths and weaknesses of each. What concept the study can be used to support. Martinez/Kesner Phineas Gage HM Raine Simon LeVay Minnesota Twin Study Rosenzweig & Bennett Mehlman Mark Larribus Sperry—you will learn about on Monday.

67. Zimbardo #3 Acetylcholine Martinez & Kesner, 1991 –Last part.

68. Martinez and Kesner(1991): Martinez and Kesner did a study on the affect of acetylcholine on memory. The experiment shows how neurotransmitters affect the ability to remember. Aim/goal: to determine the role of acetylcholine on memory Method: lab experiment Design: Individual measures-The rats were separated into 3 groups. Procedures: The rats were trained to go through a maze and get to the end, where they received food. The first group of rats were injected with scopolamine, which locks the acetylcholine receptor sites, which decrease the available acetylcholine. The second group of rats were injected with physostigmine, which blocks the production of cholinesterase. –Cholinesterase does the “clean up” of acetylcholine from the synapse and returns the neuron to its ‘resting state’. The third group of rats were not given any injections. These were the control group.

69. Results& Implications The rats that were injected with scopolamine were slower at finding their way round the maze and made more errors than the control group or the physostigmine. The physostigmine group ran through the maze and found food much quicker than the control group, and took fewer wrong turns. Implications: acetylcholine plays an important role in memory, which may be useful in treating disorders such as alzheimersImplications: acetylcholine plays an important role in memory, which may be useful in treating disorders such as alzheimers

70. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the underlying principles of the BLA Know and be able to apply two experiments on the affects of neurotransmitters. What has been assigned today? Bring your companion book What is Due? Entry Task (ET): Get out your copy of the Kayser study and give 2 strengths and 2 weaknesses. Agenda  Finish going over the Kayser Study  Nervous System  Endocrine System Exit Ticket:

71. Impact of Drug addiction on Neurotransmission. Impact of Drugs on Neurotransmission Read about Dopamine and Impulsivity.

72. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the underlying principles of the BLA Know and be able to apply two experiments on the affects of neurotransmitters. What has been assigned today? Neurotransmission quiz on Wednesday What is Due? Entry Task (ET): Take a copy of my version of the neurotransmitter POP and read through it. Agenda  Finish POP Work  Nervous System  Endocrine System Exit Ticket:

73. Go over outline for POP#1 What do you notice about my version? How is your POP similar? How is it different? What do you want to add to your POP?

74. What does it all mean??? parasympathetic sympathetic –one cries with you, the other ?? autonomic automatic.. what’s the difference??

75. Neural communication.... better known as the Nervous System (does that mean it is experiencing anxiety???—just exactly what is it nervous about????)

76. Nervous system as in nerves... Target: by the end of today you should know what it means when someone says you are... getting on their...

77. Simulation Form a chain where you put your hands on the shoulders of the person in front of you. Sit down- Consider if you squeezed the ankle of the person in front of you. What would be the difference in time? Get in line again this time grab the ankle of the person in front of you. Now squeeze the opposite of which ever shoulder was squeezed by the person behind you. Sit down- Why was the last exercise the longest? What does this say about nuerotransmission?

78. That’s right folks.... we are talking about,,, the information superhighway— –makes the internet look like nothin’

79. Neural Systems Central (brain and spinal cord) Nervous system Autonomic (controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands) Skeletal (controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles) Sympathetic (arousing) Parasympathetic (calming) Peripheral #1 #2

80. Neural Systems Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord) Nervous system Texting Fast

81. Demonstration I need a volunteer who is willing to take there shoe off and have there toes touched with a pen. Why do you think the central nervous system did not accurate record which toe? What does this imply about the central nervous system?

83. Neurons up, neurons down... as long as they’re getting through... things are good some of those babies are up to several feet long! motor down  sensory up 

84. motor neurons sensory neurons inter-neurons

85. Neural Systems Nervous system Autonomic (controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands) Skeletal (controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles) Sympathetic (arousing) Parasympathetic (calming) Peripheral Nervous System

86. Peripheral Nerves The nervous system’s interface with the world Some nerves project directly from the brain, others from spinal column links the body’s sensory receptors, muscles and glands to the-CNS sensory & motor axons are bundled into the electrical cables that we call “nerves. “ Nerves are like major road systems— carries the traffic up and down the CNS

87. Peripheral Nervous System receives signals from the receptors in the skin, muscles, sensory input devices... and gives us the sensations of touch, pain, heat, cold, sight, taste, smell and sound, not to mention the ability to move our arms and legs

88. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the underlying principles of the BLA Be able to label all the parts of a Neuron Understand the parts of the brain What has been assigned today? Quiz tomorrow What is Due? Entry Task (ET): Find a partner. Go back and forth explaining the following activities. #1 go over the parts of a neuron. #2 explain neurotransmission #3 go over the four types of neurotransmitters and what they do. #4 go over one study that supports it. #5 go over another study. #6 Explain the nervous system. Agenda  Endocrine system  Hormones Exit Ticket: What do you need to review before the test?

89. Neural Systems Nervous system Skeletal (controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles) Peripheral NS

90. Skeletal System voluntary movement of our skeletal muscles (attached to bones) –Externally visible movement – completely inactive unless you make them work (thru neural messages)

92. Neural Systems Nervous system Autonomic (controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands) Sympathetic (arousing) Parasympathetic (calming) Peripheral

93. The automatic or involuntary... the autonomic part

94. Wednesday’s Quiz Parts of a Neuron How neurons connect? Types of Neurotransmitters Nervous System

95. Fight or Flight... that’s the question either way... it’s all about

96. What goes up... must go down... sympathetic –prepared the body for fight or flight –  arouses and the parasympathetic—promotes energy conservation, digestion & growth –  calms

97. How Sympathetic: increased heart rate/blood pressure Release of energy molecules—sugars/fats Increased blood flow to muscles Inhibition of digestive process Parasympathetic: Opposite of above

98. Be able to describe: What systems are activated and in what way? Sympathetic Para- Sympathetic

100. Interesting to note: Some hormones are chemically identical to some neurotransmitters.Some hormones are chemically identical to some neurotransmitters. –Norepinephrine is a hormone when secreted into the blood by the adrenal gland –Neurotransmitter when released by sympathetic motor neurons of the autonomic nervous system on visceral muscles and glands, as well as in certain pathways in the brain. –AKA adrenaline

101. Endocrine System s l o w... the snail mail of your nervous systems l o w... the snail mail of your nervous system –hormones... slow to get going... but.. last longer –hormones... slow to get going... but.. last longer

102. Hormones vs. Neurotransmitters Hormones: Chemical messengersChemical messengers Secreted thru the blood streamSecreted thru the blood stream Slow, but sureSlow, but sure Long route to travel— thru the circulatory systemLong route to travel— thru the circulatory systemNeurotransmitters Chemical messengersChemical messengers Utilize the CNSUtilize the CNS FastFast Can travel just across a synapse between neuronsCan travel just across a synapse between neurons

103. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the underlying principles of the BLA Be able to label all the parts of a Neuron Understand the parts of the brain What has been assigned today? What is Due? Entry Task (ET): Quiz Agenda  Quiz  Hormones Exit Ticket: How did you do on the test?

104. Examples of hormones- We will study this Estrogen: The female sex hormone. Involved in love, memory, anorexia and mood (Marazzitti, Sherwin)Estrogen: The female sex hormone. Involved in love, memory, anorexia and mood (Marazzitti, Sherwin) Testosterone: The male sex hormone. Involved in aggression, love, memory, spatial ability, gender identity (Marazziti)Testosterone: The male sex hormone. Involved in aggression, love, memory, spatial ability, gender identity (Marazziti) Oxytocin: Related to love, maternal behaviour, bonding, generosity. Can be increased by hugging and pleasant touch.Oxytocin: Related to love, maternal behaviour, bonding, generosity. Can be increased by hugging and pleasant touch.

105. More examples Endorphins: Related to pleasure, is a pain reliever. Can be released during high levels of stress. E.g., “Runner’s high”Endorphins: Related to pleasure, is a pain reliever. Can be released during high levels of stress. E.g., “Runner’s high” Epinephrine (Adrenaline): Also a neurotransmitter. Involved in emotion and stress, mobilizes energy to deal with stressors (Schachter & Singer)Epinephrine (Adrenaline): Also a neurotransmitter. Involved in emotion and stress, mobilizes energy to deal with stressors (Schachter & Singer) Melatonin: Regulates our “biological clock” and sleep. Involved in depression and Alzheimers disease.Melatonin: Regulates our “biological clock” and sleep. Involved in depression and Alzheimers disease.

106. Sherwin (1999) Aim: To investigate the effect of estrogen on memoryAim: To investigate the effect of estrogen on memory Research method: ExperimentResearch method: Experiment Sample: 100 women in their mid-forties, each of whom suffered a sudden drop in circulating levels of estrogen after their ovaries and uterus had to be surgically removed due to tumors.Sample: 100 women in their mid-forties, each of whom suffered a sudden drop in circulating levels of estrogen after their ovaries and uterus had to be surgically removed due to tumors.

107. Sherwin (1999) Procedure: The researchers divided the women into two groups, one of which received Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after the operation, the other a placebo. The women were shown pairs of unrelated words and subsequently had to recall the second of each pair when cued by the first word.Procedure: The researchers divided the women into two groups, one of which received Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after the operation, the other a placebo. The women were shown pairs of unrelated words and subsequently had to recall the second of each pair when cued by the first word. Findings: The women on HRT scored just as well as they had before their operation, but the placebo group performed significantly worse. The women in the placebo group complained of not being able to remember things and of having to make lists, which they had never needed to do in the past.Findings: The women on HRT scored just as well as they had before their operation, but the placebo group performed significantly worse. The women in the placebo group complained of not being able to remember things and of having to make lists, which they had never needed to do in the past.

108. Testosterone Read the study on Testosterone and aggression. Sketch it out and then evaluate it. How well does this experiment discuss the role of testosterone.

109. Oxytocin Often known as the love hormone. When secreted it relaxes the system making us more trusting and generous. Read the following article. Sketch out the experiment. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the study presented? Can you think of an application for this knowledge?

110. What brain parts would register fear & rage? What gland?

111. How Sympathetic: increased heart rate/blood pressure Release of energy molecules—sugars/fats Increased blood flow to muscles Inhibition of digestive process Parasympathetic: Opposite of above

112. How do we even know what is going on in the brain? How do we know the brain isn’t filled with....

113. The Brain SHOWS FUNCTION: CAT Scan (computerized axial tomography) –x-ray shows brain structure and any areas that may be dead due to injury DETAILED PICTURE: MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) –radio waves—computer generated SHOWS ACTIVITY: PET (positron emission tomograph) Scan –think of it as the sugar test

114. How do we study the brain? 3 major types of scans- PET: Positron emission tomography scan which gives a visual display of brain activity. –It measures the amount of glucose being used by different parts of the Brain –EX: Brain on Drugs

116. How do we study the brain? 3 major types of scans- PET: Positron emission tomography scan which gives a visual display of brain activity –Brain on Drugs MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce a computer image that distinguish among different types of tissues. –Giedd

120. How do we study the brain? 3 major types of scans- PET: Positron emission tomography scan which gives a visual display of brain activity –Brain on Drugs MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce a computer image that distinguish among different types of tissues. –Giedd CAT- Computerized axial tomography –A series of x-ray photographs taken from many different angles put together in a computer which would show slice of the brain.

121. Cat Scan

122. PET Scans Computers: Checkout 1 laptop for you and your unit partner. Go to my website and down load a PDF file named master 1.1-1.7. Answer the questions below the Images in your notes

123. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the underlying principles of the BLA Be able to label all the parts of The brain Understand the function of the parts of the brain What has been assigned today? What is Due? Entry Task (ET): Take a copy of the of the handout on how we study the brain. Read through it. What do the findings of the murder study suggest? What are the problems with these findings? Agenda  Methods on investigating Brain function  Study Brain Parts. Exit Ticket: What part of the brain do you find the most interesting?

124. Your task today: To watch the following videos and do the following tasks so that you are familiar with the brain and how it functions

125. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the underlying principles of the BLA Be able to label all the parts of The brain Understand the function of the parts of the brain What has been assigned today? What is Due? Entry Task (ET): What are the parts of the brain linked to memory? Agenda  Methods on investigating Brain function  Study Brain Parts.  Brain Quiz Friday Exit Ticket: What part of the brain do you find the most interesting?

126. Brain parts... Before we can learn more about the concept, we need to have the basic vocab down.. Yep, the brain terms. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li5nMs Xg1Lkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Li5nMs Xg1Lk

127. Task: With your diagrams, each person at the table takes a turn using the physical model provided to walk through the brain parts/functions. Soon—you will have a quiz over brain parts, functions.

128. Brain mneumonics http://www.thepsychfiles.com/2008/09/epis ode-72-video-memorize-the-parts-of-the- brain/http://www.thepsychfiles.com/2008/09/epis ode-72-video-memorize-the-parts-of-the- brain/

129. Mneumonic devices for learning new terms brain parts mneumonics packet.pdfbrain parts mneumonics packet.pdfbrain parts mneumonics packet.pdfbrain parts mneumonics packet.pdf Develop your own!Develop your own!

130. Must know studies: Brain localization/function—brain injuries (Phineas Gage-guide, p. 42 Crane) Mehlman, et. al – the role of seratonin on aggression (handout) HM—localization of function (handout) Raine—the study of murderers (handout) Simon LeVay—localization of function—size difference in hypothalamus of homosexual men (handout ) Minnesota Twin Study (40 studies)—role of genes Rosenzweig, et.al--Brain changes in response to experience (40 studies #2) Sperry

131. Review 1.In transmitting sensory info to the brain, an electrical signal within a single neuron travels from the _____ ______ down through the ______ to the _______ ___________

132. More neural review 2.The function of the dendrite is to __________________ 3.The ________ __________ encases the axon and speeds the neural impulse, Multiple Sclerosis in the absence of this. 4.The brief electrical charge which travels down the axon is called the ______ ______.

133. More review 5.The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse— “the neural impulse reaches a ___________.” 6.What is the synapse?

134. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the underlying principles of the BLA Be able to label all the parts of a Neuron What has been assigned today? Approaches Reading on Brain and Neurons What is Due? Entry Task (ET): get your test from the blue table. Agenda  Split Brain  Critical Thinking Activity  Experiment  Discuss article Exit Ticket: What are the parts of a neuron?

135. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the underlying principles of the BLA Be able to label all the parts of a Neuron What has been assigned today? What is Due? Entry Task (ET): What parts of the brain are involved in 1)learning a vocab word 2) walking a tight rope 3)argueing with your parents 4) Watching TV 5) running a race Agenda  Review Exit Ticket: What are the parts of a neuron?

136. Questions you still have Come up and write down questions or topics you want to review today.

137. How do we study the brain? 3 major types of scans- PET: Positron emission tomography scan which gives a visual display of brain activity. –It measures the amount of glucose being used by different parts of the Brain –EX: Brain on Drugs

139. How do we study the brain? 3 major types of scans- PET: Positron emission tomography scan which gives a visual display of brain activity –Brain on Drugs MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce a computer image that distinguish between structures of the brain. –Giedd

141. Parts of the Brain- Class feud

142. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the underlying principles of the BLA Be able to label all the parts of a Neuron What has been assigned today? What is Due? Entry Task (ET): Test Agenda  Test  Split Brain- Discuss article Exit Ticket: What are the parts of a neuron?

143. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the underlying principles of the BLA Be able to label all the parts of a Neuron What has been assigned today? What is Due? Entry Task (ET): Pull out the study you did for homework. Turn to a partner; what does this study tell us about the hemispheres of the brain? Agenda  Brain Function  Gazzinga Study Discussion Exit Ticket: What are the parts of a neuron?

144. Brain Function Localization: –Define the term: the idea that specific brain parts are responsible for specific behavior Lateralization –Each hemisphere differs in some of its functions—when that function is specialized, called ‘lateralization of function.’

145. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand localization of the brain What has been assigned today? What is Due? Entry Task (ET): What evidence of Localization of function did you find in the video yesterday? Agenda  Video Activity  Go over POP 2  Localization of Function  Exit Ticket:

146. Task: As we watch the video, “The Teenage Brain,” your task is to cite evidence of localization and lateralization of function with regard to the unique characteristics of the teenage brain and To determine which of the assumptions/principles are relevant to this video.

147. POP #2 Identify one key concept from the biological perspective and discuss its contribution to the understanding of behavior. Discuss Offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypotheses. Opinions or conclusions should be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

148. Write down the prompt. Predict relevant underlying principles Leave space for your assertion. Content: take your notes today with the prompt in mind.

149. Concept: Localization of function Define the term: the idea that specific brain parts are responsible for specific behaviors When a behavior is localized in the brain, i.e., a specific behavior can be traced to a specific part of the brain

150. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand localization of the brain What has been assigned today? Do the reading assignments for Localization Let me know if you do not have an Approaches book What is Due? Entry Task (ET): Check out a computer and go to links to find the following 3 websites and keep track on the graphic organizer. Agenda  Computer activity  Exit Ticket:

151. Localization of function Different parts of the brain responsible for different functions. –Brain functions activity in the computer lab 1.http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/bod y/interactives/organs/brainmap/index.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/bod y/interactives/organs/brainmap/index.shtml 2.http://www.newscientist.com/movie/brain- interactivehttp://www.newscientist.com/movie/brain- interactive 3.http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science /health-and-human-body/human-body/brain- article/http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science /health-and-human-body/human-body/brain- article/

152. Web Activity WebsiteWhat did you already know? What new did this website teach you What questions do you still have 1 2 3

153. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand localization of the brain Be able to recall the case study of Phineas Gage in support of localization of function What has been assigned today? Do the reading assignments for Let me know if you do not have an Approaches book What is Due? Entry Task (ET): 1. Take your graphic organizer from yesterday and discuss what you learned from the web search in your unit groups. 2. When you finish come up and grab a reading on Gage and answer the questions in your notes. Agenda  Phineas Gage  Exit Ticket:

154. Historically... (you can have a whole paragraph just on this) How do we know what we know with regard to ‘localization of function’? When did we first know it? Research study: The story of Phineas Gage Video segment: 25, The Brain, 25 min. –Case Study write-up (one to go by)

155. What did the story of PG teach us about localization of function

156. Hormonal system for pain

157. Endorphins

158. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand localization of the brain Be able to recall the case study of Phineas Gage in support of localization of function What has been assigned today? What is Due? Entry Task (ET): Why is the Gage study significant? Give one strength and one weakness from memory. Agenda  Broca and Wernicki  Exit Ticket:

159. Language processing is ‘localized’ Broca’s area—1861. Damage to the left frontal lobe resulted in inability to produce language, although they could understand it. Wernicke’s area— 1871.Damage here would result in being Able to speak but not understand.

160. Video segment Language & speech The Brain, segment 6, 35 minutes

161. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand localization of the brain What has been assigned today? What is Due? Entry Task (ET): 1) List five different parts of the brain that show localization of the brain. 2) How much of you brain do you use? Agenda  Read Localization of the brain packet  Worksheet  Watch Secrets of the Mind

162. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand localization of the brain What has been assigned today? What is Due? Entry Task (ET): What are the weaknesses of localized function as a way of explaining behavior? Agenda  Work on hippocampus and memory

163. Localization of function The role of the hippocampus on memory

164. Memory

166. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the difference between non- declarative and declarative memory. Be able to use Clive Wearing example to explain the difference What has been assigned today? What is Due? Entry Task (ET): Who is HM? Why is his brain famous? What did the dissection of the brain teach researchers about memory? Agenda  Memory and the brain  Clive Wearing and the opposite

167. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the major studies behind the idea of localization of memory. What has been assigned today? What is Due? Entry Task (ET): What was wrong with HM? Agenda  The other side of Clive Wearing.  Discuss the videos.  Watch video on HM  Read over the HM and record in a study sheet. Exit Ticket:

168. Long-term memory storage

169. Declarative=knowledge Hippocampus Must go thru hippocampus—transfers transferring memories from short term to long term memory. But... One exception

170. Two types of long term, declarative memories episodic memory: Episodic memory represents our memory of events and experiences in a serial form. It is from this memory that we can reconstruct the actual events that took place at a given point in our lives. semantic memory: is a structured record of facts, concepts and skills that we have acquired. The information in semantic memory is derived from that in our own episodic memory, such that we can learn new facts or concepts from our experiences.

171. Flashbulb memory-amygdala activated In charge of strong emotions. Because of this, it is also closely tied to memory. The degree and type of emotional impact of an event has a great influence on an event being stored in memory. If a person experiences something extremely emotional, the amygdala will activate connections with the hippocampus so that the event will be more memorable.

172. Procedural memory—knowing how The strongest Stored in the cerebellum procedural memory is the strongest

173. A demonstration Clive wearing http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lu9UY8 Zqg-Qhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lu9UY8 Zqg-Q What about the opposite? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2wYcF nTkgo&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2wYcF nTkgo&feature=related

174. Studies: HM—localization of function (handout) –In the case the identified behavior would be memory. Simon LeVay—localization of function— size difference in hypothalamus of homosexual men (handout) –In this case the identified behavior would be homosexual behavior

175. Memory & the brain The Brain. Video segment #18, 25.22 Study: HM

176. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the major studies behind the idea of localization of memory. What has been assigned today? What is Due? Entry Task (ET): Pull out your HM study sheet and compare it in with your unit group. Agenda  Read over the HM and record in a study sheet.  Read and discuss the rat studies on the Hippocampus.  Record them in your notes.  Read Simon Levay study and record it on your study sheets.  With your unit groups fill out the POP Organizer  Exit Ticket:

177. The lobotomy doctor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0aNILW6ILk

178. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the major studies behind the idea of localization of memory. What has been assigned today? What is Due? Entry Task (ET): How does Phineas Gage explain localization of function? What the weaknesses of using that particular case study? Agenda  Pull out your Simon Levay study sheet and compare it in with your unit group.  With your unit groups fill out the POP Organizer for Localization of the brain Exit Ticket:

179. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the major studies behind the idea of lateralization of memory. What has been assigned today? What is Due? Entry Task (ET): POP #2- Localization Agenda 1.Go over Lateralization 2.Our Divided Brain 3.Go over 7-4 4.Experiment

180. Questions you have about timed writes? 1.Place your question on the posted note. 2.Try to make the question specific.

181. Critical Thinking Activity Fill out handout 7-4 on your own sheet of paper. Add up your scores. Need a difference of three to have a dominate sphere. What do think are the potential problems with this inventory and theory?

182. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the major studies behind the idea of lateralization of memory. What has been assigned today? POP #2A What is Due? Entry Task (ET): What is the difference between lateralization and localization of memory? Agenda 1.Go over Lateralization 2.Our Divided Brain 3.Experiment 4.Research

183. POP 2A Lateralization of function –Along with localization of function, there is lateralization of function –Each hemisphere differs in some of its functions—when that function is specialized, called ‘lateralization of function.’ –Localization is how much any one function is located in a specific area, lateralization is the degree to which a function is dominant more in one hemisphere than the other.

184. Our Divided Brain The information highway from the eyes to the brain

185. Split Brain a condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of the corpus callosum) between them “Look at the dot.” Two words separated by red dot appear projected in front of person. “What word did you see?” “Point with your left hand to the word you saw.” or

186. Hemispheric Specialization Class Experiment- Break into groups of three. Materials- stop watch, wooden dowel and verbal tasks. Procedures- One student will balance the wooden dowel on the left for finger and right forefinger. Time how long they can manage it. Then students will do it while performing the verbal tasks. Make sure to form a hypothesis.

187. Left-right brained Myth There is no “right-brained” versus “left brained” in terms of creative, math etc. –Left brain supposedly good at math & logic –Right brain supposedly creative, artistic. –http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/ 21047/ BOGUS!

188. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the major studies behind the idea of lateralization of memory. What has been assigned today? Bring your Book tomorrow. What is Due? Entry Task (ET): Read the Fact sheet: What does Sperry’s study say about Lateralization of function? Agenda 1.Research Review 2.Work on POP 2A together with new unit groups. Outcome: Complete POP 2A

189. Examples: 1.Language: Wernicke’s area in left hemisphere –For right-handed people—95% –For left-handed people, the right brain is dominant—70% –For the rest—neither one is dominant

190. Evidence: Wada test: anesthetic is injected into the carotid artery one side of the head— anesthetizing one hemisphere –90% of the people struggle with reading aloud Sperry study: later

191. Example #2 Emotion: right hemisphere is dominant Evidence: Gianotti (1972) –Brain damaged patients who had damage to their left hemisphere became more anxious and aggressive –Brain damage to the right became unemotional –Sperry study

192. Emotion evidence Etcoff, et. al (2000) –Videotapes of people speaking twice—once lying, once telling the truth Left hemisphere damaged people 60% correct in discerning lying. (Using their right) Davidson et al. (1990) –Suggests that both hemispheres process emotion but differ in the type based on EEGs Left—pleasure Right--disgust

193. Video: Segment 5: The Brain Using Factsheet #58, complete the Sperry Study. How does Sperry study compare with one brain-two brain that you have already read. Prompt 2A: to what extent is human behavior a function of lateralization?

194. Psychology Unit Groups Helena Meghan Erin Chandler Marissa F Blake Anna Tim Danielle Gabby Zola Nicole C. Lani McKenna Christina Savannah Nichole N

195. Psychology Unit Groups Elisabeth Chani James Maddy Elise Stephanie Jasmine Kelsey Bree Michael Carson Coltin Ali Korynne Janie Lindsey Josh Breana Elisha Antonia Dayna Kadie

196. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the major studies behind the idea of lateralization of memory. What has been assigned today? POP #2A What is Due? Entry Task (ET): Timed Write- Agenda 1.Timed Write

197. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the environments impact upon the brain Be able to discuss Brain plasticity What has been assigned today? What is Due? Entry Task (ET): What effect do you think music has on you and your life? Agenda 1.Intro to Brain Plasticity 2.Assign POP #3 3.Watch Zimbardo’s Responsive Brain

198. Your DNA determines what you are born with— Only X % of any given trait What you ‘do’ with that brain will impact any given trait. Brain Plasticity—the idea that the environment can change the physical makeup of the brain Pre 1960

199. POP #3 With reference to one empirical study, explain how environmental factors can affect one physiological process. Brain plasticity Mirror neurons Hormone changes

200. POP #3: With reference to one empirical study, explain how environmental factors can affect one physiological process. Background knowledge: Bidirectional relationship between physiology & the environment Brain plasticity—what does this mean? –Refers to the brain’s ability to rearrange the connections between neurons—what changes as a result of experience & learning –Plasticity can change the functional qualities of various brain structures—based on what you ask it to do. –http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/ 20470/http://www.psychexchange.co.uk/videos/view/ 20470/

201. Questions from Video What does this video say about Lateralization and its impact on our behavior? What does this video say about brain plasticity?

202. Brain plasticity Any change in behavior is the result of changes in the brain & nervous system (or vice versa) –“Behavior” here could mean learning, memory, addiction—virtually any change is going to have a corresponding change in the brain & nervous system.

203. Brain Plasticity The ability of the brain to adapt and change to various situations. –Brain plasticity is more than just learning a new behavior based on a specific set of circumstances (though that is an excellent example of brain plasticity). –The process actually refers to neurons, physically change inside the brain.

204. Study to support the concept of brain plasticity: Rosenzweig & Bennett, 1972

205. Understand the field of Psychology as you learn about how to apply the theories to your own life to improve yourself and your relationships with others! Understand the environments impact upon the brain Be able to discuss Brain plasticity What has been assigned today? HW: Read about Mirror Neurons- Article What is Due? Entry Task (ET): Give 2 examples of how touch is a physiological need and can change physical structures. Agenda 1.Finish watching Zimbardo’s Responsive Brain. 2.Study sheet on Rosenweig and Bennett. 3.Introduce Mirror Neurons

206. POP #3: With reference to one empirical study, explain how environmental factors can affect one physiological process. What impact does touch have on our brain? Touch—male vs. female –More cheerful, less suspicious –Uncomfortable with touching—lower self- esteem more socially withdrawn –Females—touch before surgery-lower blood pressure –Males—touch before surgery-higher blood pressure Zimbardo, #3 The Responsive Brain

207. POP #3: With reference to one empirical study, explain how environmental factors can affect one physiological process. Infants—touch vs. not touch –Massaged premie babies 45 minutes a day gained weight 44% more, more active, more alert, higher cognitive development –Demonstrates the value of touching Duke University, Saul Schanberg—rats Baby rats removed from mommy rats resulted in lack of growth Need for touch is brain-based –Hypothalamus secretes growth hormones as a result of touching

208. POP #3: With reference to one empirical study, explain how environmental factors can affect one physiological process. African Cichlid fish—how the brain is altered when social environment changes –Russell Fernald –When these fish acquired territory, they became brighter and dark eye bars –When they lost territory, they became lighter and lost sexual maturity Hypothalamus secretes hormone to pineal gland to gonads

209. Study: Rosenzweig & Bennett, 1972 Experiment— IV: rats with stimulating environment (operationally defined as cool toys) versus no toys DV: 60 days later--post mortem (yes they gave their lives for science) Findings: thicker cortex—frontal lobe in particular—when placed with little rat friends, even thicker.

210. Implications... Friends + cool toys = more brain development. Stimulate, stimulate, stimulate! = dendrite growth But... what are the weaknesses of his work? Can these findings be generalized to humans? –Only to some extent –We can’t do controlled experiments to test on humans

211. What’s next? We know how psychologists study human beings—in terms of the methodology, now what? http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/ ap1int.htm (interactive website list)