2. Slide 1 Computer Confluence 7/e © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

3. Slide 2 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Hardware Basics: Peripherals © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

4. Slide 3 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Objectives Input devices and their roles in getting different types of information into the computer Output devices and the ways they make computers more useful The functionality of different types of storage devices The ways the components of a computer system fit together © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

5. Slide 4 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Input: From Person to Processor Keyboard The most familiar input device Used to enter letters, numbers and special characters © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

6. Slide 5 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Input: From Person to Processor Standard keyboard Ergonomic keyboards  To address possible medical problems Wireless keyboard Folding keyboards  Used with palm-sized computers One-handed keyboards Keyboards printed on membranes © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

7. Slide 6 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Input: From Person to Processor Pointing Devices Mouse Touchpad Pointing stick Trackball Joystick Graphics tablet Touch screen  Stylus © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

8. Slide 7 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Input: From Person to Processor Reading Tools Reads marks representing codes specifically designed for computer input © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

9. Slide 8 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Input: From Person to Processor  Optical-mark readers  Magnetic-ink character readers  Bar-code readers  Pen scanners  Tablet PC  Smart whiteboard  Radio Frequency Identification Readers © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

10. Slide 9 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Input: From Person to Processor Digitizing the Real World Scanners capture and digitize printed images  Flatbed  Slide  Drum  Sheet-fed © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

11. Slide 10 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Input: From Person to Processor Digital camera  Snapshots captured as digital images  Digital images stored as bit patterns on disks or other digital storage media © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

12. Slide 11 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Input: From Person to Processor Video digitizer  Capture input from a:  Video camera  Video cassette recorder or television  Convert it to a digital signal  Stored in memory and displayed on computer screens Videoconferencing  People in diverse locations can see and hear each other  Used to conduct long-distance meetings  Video images transmitted through networks © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

13. Slide 12 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Input: From Person to Processor Audio digitizers  Digitize sounds from  Microphones  Other input devices  Digital signals can be  Stored  Further processed with specialized software  A digital signal processing chip compresses the stream of bits before it is transmitted to the CPU © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

14. Slide 13 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Input: From Person to Processor Speech recognition software  Converts voice data into words that can be edited and printed © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

15. Slide 14 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Input: From Person to Processor Sensors  Designed to monitor physical conditions  Temperature, humidity, pressure  Provide data used in:  Robotics  Environmental climate control  Weather forecasting  Medical monitoring  Biofeedback  Scientific research © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

16. Slide 15 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Output: From Pulses to People Screen Output A monitor or video display terminal (VDT) displays characters, graphics, photographic images, animation and video  Video adapter—connects the monitor to the computer  VRAM or video memory—a special portion of RAM to hold video images  the more video memory, the more picture detail is displayed © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

17. Slide 16 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Output: From Pulses to People Monitor size: Measured as a diagonal line across the screen Resolution: The number of pixels displayed on the screen Pixels (or picture elements): tiny dots that compose a picture  The higher the resolution, the closer together the dots Image quality is affected by resolution and color depth (or bit depth)  Color depth refers to the number of different colors a monitor displays at one time Color depth © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

18. Slide 17 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Output: From Pulses to People Color depth © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1-bit depth 16-bit depth 8-bit depth 4-bit depth

19. Slide 18 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Output: From Pulses to People Monitor classes  CRTs (cathode-ray tubes)  LCDs (liquid crystal displays) are now more popular  Overhead projection panels  Video projectors  Portable computers © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

20. Slide 19 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Output: From Pulses to People Paper Output Printers produce paper output or hard copy Two basic groups of printers:  Impact printers  Line printers  Dot-matrix printers © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

21. Slide 20 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Output: From Pulses to People  Non-impact printers  Laser printers  Laser beam reflected off a rotating drum to create patterns of electrical charges  Faster and more expensive than dot matrix printer  High-resolution output  Inkjet printers  Sprays ink onto paper to produce printed text and graphic images  Prints fewer pages/minute than laser printer  High-quality color costing less than laser printer © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

22. Slide 21 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Output: From Pulses to People Multifunction printer or MFP combines a scanner, printer and a fax modem Plotter: can produce large, finely scaled engineering blueprints and maps © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

23. Slide 22 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Output: From Pulses to People Fax Machines and Fax Modems Facsimile (fax) machine  Sending:  fax machine scans each page as an image,  converts the image into a series of electronic pulses,  sends those signals over phone lines to another fax.  Receiving:  fax machine uses the signals to reconstruct the image and  print black-and-white facsimiles or copies of the originals Fax modem: directly from PC to fax machine via modem & phone line © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

24. Slide 23 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Output: From Pulses to People Output You Can Hear Sound card  Enables the PC to:  Accept microphone input  Play music and other sound through speakers or headphones  Process sound in a variety of ways Synthesizers  Used to produce music, noise © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

25. Slide 24 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Output: From Pulses to People Controlling Other Machines Output devices take bit patterns and turn them into non-digital movements  Robot arms  Telephone switchboards  Transportation devices  Automated factory equipment  Spacecraft  Force feedback joystick © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

26. Slide 25 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Output: From Pulses to People Rules of Thumb: Ergonomics and Health Choose equipment that’s ergonomically designed Create a healthy workspace Build flexibility into your work environment Rest your eyes Stretch to loosen tight muscles Listen to your body Seek help when you need it © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

27. Slide 26 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Storage Devices: Input Meets Output Magnetic Tape Can store large amounts of information in a small space at a relatively low cost Limitation: sequential data access Used mainly for backup purposes © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

28. Slide 27 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Storage Devices: Input Meets Output Magnetic Disks Random data access Floppy disks  Provide inexpensive, portable storage Hard disks  Non-removable, rigid disks that spin continuously and rapidly  Provide much faster access than a floppy disk Removable media (Zip & Jaz disks)  Provide high-capacity portable storage © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

29. Slide 28 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Storage Devices: Input Meets Output Optical Disks Use laser beams to read and write bits of information on the disk surface  Not as fast as magnetic hard disks  Massive storage capacity  Very reliable © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

30. Slide 29 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Storage Devices: Input Meets Output CD-ROM  Optical drives that read CD-ROMs CD-R  WORM media (write-once, read many) CD-RW  Can read CD-ROMs and write, erase and rewrite data onto CD-R & CD-RW disks © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

31. Slide 30 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Storage Devices: Input Meets Output DVD (Digital Versatile Disks)  Store & distribute all kinds of data  Hold between 3.8 and 17 gigabytes of information DVD-ROM drives  Can play DVD movies, read DVD data disks, read standard CD-ROMs, and play audio CDs  Because they’re read-only, they can’t record data, music, or movies  DVD-RAM drives  Can read, erase, and write data (but not DVD video) on multi-gigabyte DVD-R (but not CD-R or CD-RW) media © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

32. Slide 31 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Storage Devices: Input Meets Output Solid-State Storage Devices Flash memory is an erasable memory chip  Sizes range from 16 MB to 1 GB  Compact alternative to disk storage  Contains no moving parts  Designed for specific applications such as storing pictures in digital cameras  Likely to replace disk and tape storage © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

33. Slide 32 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts Personal Computers: basic design classes Tower systems  Tall, narrow boxes that generally have more expansion slots and bays than other designs Flat desktop systems  Designed to sit under the monitor like a platform All-in-one systems (like the iMac)  Combine monitor and system unit into a single housing © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

34. Slide 33 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts Portable computers  Include all the essential components, including keyboard and pointing device, in one compact box © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

35. Slide 34 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts Ports and Slots Revisited The system or motherboard includes several standard ports:  Serial Port for attaching devices that send/receive messages one bit at a time (modems)  Parallel Port for attaching devices that send/receive bits in groups (printers)  Keyboard/Mouse Port for attaching a keyboard and a mouse © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

36. Slide 35 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts Other ports are typically included on expansion boards rather than the system board:  Video Port used to plug in a color monitor into the video board  Microphone, speaker, headphone, MIDI ports used to attach sound equipment  SCSI port allows several peripherals to be strung together and attached to a single port  LAN port used faster connection to a local-area network (LAN) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

37. Slide 36 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts Expansion Made Easy With the PC open architecture and the introduction of new interfaces, you can hot swap devices.  USB (Universal Serial Bus) transmits a hundred times faster than a PC serial port  Firewire (IEEE 1394) can move data between devices at 400 or more megabits per second  High speed makes it ideal for data-intensive work like digital video  FireWire 800  Recently introduced on high-end Macintosh systems offers 800 Mbps transfer speeds © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

38. Slide 37 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Computer Systems: The Sum of Its Parts Putting It All Together A typical computer system might have several different input, output, and storage peripherals -- the key is compatibility Networks blur the boundaries between computers Networked computers may have access to all the peripherals on a system The computer is, in effect, just a tiny part of a global system of interconnected networks © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

39. Slide 38 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Inventing the Future: Tomorrow’s Peripherals Tomorrow’s Storage  Smaller disks that hold more  a single-electron memory chip the size of a thumbnail that can store all the sounds and images of a full-length feature film Tomorrow’s Output  Flat-panel screens are replacing desktop CRTs at an ever-increasing rate  Retinal display that works without a screen © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. You can count how many seeds are in the apple, but not how many apples are in the seed. —Ken Kesey, author of One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest

40. Slide 39 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Inventing the Future: Tomorrow’s Peripherals Tomorrow’s Input: Sensors  More sophisticated devices will serve as eyes, ears, and other types of sense organs for computer networks © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

41. Slide 40 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Lesson Summary Peripherals allow computer to communicate with the outside world and store information for later use information The most common input devices today are the keyboard and the mouse  A variety of other input devices can be connected to the computer © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. A computer terminal is not some clunky old television with a typewriter in front of it. It is an interface where the mind and body can connect with the universe and move bits of it about. —Douglas Adams, author of The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy

42. Slide 41 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Lesson Summary Output devices perform the opposite function: They accept strings of bits from the computer and transform them into a form that is useful or meaningful outside the computer Storage devices are capable of two-way communication with the computer: Because of their high-speed random access capability are the most common forms of storage on modern computers © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

43. Slide 42 Computer Confluence 7/e Chapter 3 Lesson Summary Network connections make it possible for computers to communicate with one another directly © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. As a rule, men worry more about what they can’t see than about what they can. —Julius Caesar