1. CANADA’S GLOBAL CONNECTIONS Unit 4

2. Play the Canadian or American Inventions game.

3. Famously and Firstly Canadian Canadian John McIntosh discovered McIntosh apples in 1811 growing along the St. Lawrence River Valley The first recorded baseball game was played in Beachville, Ontario in 1838 Montreal Professor Thomas Sterry Hunt developed special green ink to produce American bills ‘greenbacks’ that couldn’t be forged in 1862 The world’s second most popular sport ‘basketball’ was the idea of Canadian James Naismith in 1892

4. Famously and Firstly Canadian Tom Ryan became the father of five-pin bowling, by developing the game in Toronto in 1909 Torontonian William Knapp developed the yucky- tasting Buckley’s Mixture in 1919 In 1948 Harry Galley received his patented for his stainless steel kitchen sink Montreal Canadian goalie Jacques Plante became the first goalie to start wearing a mask Instant mashed potatoes were patented by Edward Asselbergs in 1961

5. Famously and Firstly Canadian Muskol the world’s most effective bug repellent is the creation of Charlie Coll (1970) Leslie McFarlane penned the famous Hardy Boys series as Franklin W. Dixon Torontonian Alex Tilley created the nearly indestructible ‘Tilley Hat’ in 1980 Winnipeg was the first city in the world to develop the emergency ‘911’ system Canadian Deanna Brasseaur & Jane Foster became the world’s first female jet fighter pilots in 1989

6. Famously and Firstly Canadian Tim Collins of B.C. developed the Viewer Chip for parents to block offensive television programs In 1998, the ‘Sam Bat’ a maple baseball bat made by Ottawa carpenter Sam Holman was approved for use in professional baseball leagues In 1999 Ontario became the first place in the world to protect the skyscape from light pollution by designating a dark-sky park south of Lake Muskoka Canadians have developed – Trivial Pursuit, Balderdash, Mind Trap, Pictionary and A Question of Scruples

7. Famously and Firstly Canadian Canada is home to the world’s…  Oldest chain store business is Canada’s Hudson Bay Company founded in 1670  Longest highway, the Trans Canada highway - 7,821 km  Longest street, Yonge Street - 1,900 km  Longest bridge – Confederation Bridge linking P.E.I. to N.B. – 12.9 km  Longest skating rink – 7.8 km Rideau Canal in Ottawa  Longest recreational trail – Trans Canada Trail will be over 16,000 km long

8. Greatest Canadian Invention Of all these great Canadian ideas, which ones are the “greatest”? CBC asked Canadians to vote for the Greatest Canadian Invention and showed us the results in early 2007. www.cbc.ca/inventions

9. Rank these from 1 -10 of Greatest Invention 5 pin bowling Poutine Zipper Insulin Telephone Electric Wheelchair Pacemaker Wonder Bra Blackberry Robertson Screw Light bulb

10. Greatest Canadian Invention Poutine #10

11. Greatest Canadian Invention Electric Wheelchair #9

12. Greatest Canadian Invention Zipper #8

13. Greatest Canadian Invention Robertson Screw #7

14. Greatest Canadian Invention Pacemaker #6

15. Greatest Canadian Invention Wonderbra #5

16. Greatest Canadian Invention Five Pin Bowling #4

17. Greatest Canadian Invention Light bulb #3

18. Greatest Canadian Invention Telephone #2

19. Greatest Canadian Invention Insulin #1

20. CHAPTER 30 The World community

21. What Do You Know of the World?

22. WHERE WE CAME FROM. – CHAPTER 15 Population

23. Who is here? Immigrate 610 people COME to Canada on a daily basis. Emigrate 135 people LEAVE Canada on a daily basis.

24. Changing Populations Demography is the study of population. About 1070 babies are born every day. These births are not as important, because they may not correlate with the population of the country. We must take into account 2 factors:  Birth Rate: The amount of people born  Death Rate: The amount of people who die The Rate of Natural Increase (r) Birth rate (b) − death rate (d) = rate of natural increase (r).

25. Different Ages – Different Roles At each stage in our lives, we play different roles. Children (0-15 years old) Working Adults (16 to 64 years old) Older adults (65 years old and over)  In Cornwall, we will have a stronger population of older adults, as the baby boom population gets older.

26. Population Pyramids A series of horizontal bar graphs for the male population, places back to back with similar bar graphs for females. Statistical information can always be found at Statistics Canada.

27. When in Rome... You need the following when making a population pyramid: 2 colours Male and female labels A title – Location and year Age (increments of 5) in the middle Population (in millions) on the bottom

28. Comparisons When putting two population pyramids side by side, you are able to compare population trends.

29. Thanks to the war... Baby Boom The term "baby boom" most often refers to the dramatic post-World War II baby boom (1946-1964). There are an estimated 78.3 million Americans who were born during this demographic boom in births. These baby boomers are now getting older, which makes healthcare such an important industry. Echo Effect Children who were born between 1980 and 1999. These are the children of the Baby Boomers.

30. Homework Create 2 population pyramids.  Pyramid 1 – Cornwall  Pyramid 2 – Ontario DUE: Tomorrow

31. Immigration

32. CHAPTER 31 Canada’s International Relationship

33. CHAPTER 32 Canada’s Foreign Trade

34. Trade Terminology Trade – the exchange of goods or services between countries. Imports – goods or services brought into a country from another country. Exports – goods or services sent out from a country to another country. Balance of trade – the difference between the value of the goods and services that a country exports and the value of the goods and services that it imports

35. Trade Terminology Trade surplus – when a country’s exports exceed its imports. Trade deficit – when a country’s imports exceed its exports. Tarriff – tax charged on goods imported to Canada in order to protect Canadian industries.

36. Canada’s Trading Partners $208 billion$348 billion $24 $13 $10 $9 $8 $7 $3

37. Canada's Import Markets, 2004 Country% Share of Total Imports United States56 China7 Mexico4 Japan4 United Kingdom3 Total of Top 574

38. Canada's Export Markets, 2004 Country% Share of Total Exports United States81 Japan2 United Kingdom2 China2 Mexico1 Total of Top 588

39. Sweat Shops What are they?  A working environment with unhealthy conditions that are considered by many people of industrialized nations to be difficult or dangerous, usually where the workers have few opportunities to address their situation. This can include exposure to harmful materials, hazardous situations, extreme temperatures, or abuse from employers.  Sweatshop workers often work long hours for little pay, regardless of any laws mandating overtime pay or a minimum wage. Child labour laws may also be violated.

40. Blood, Sweat and T-Shirts This BBC Three series from May 2008 saw six young fashion addicts swap shopping on the high street with working in India‘s cotton fields and clothes factories. Find out whether they could handle a sewing machine and meet the target of two garments a minute. And whether their experience changed their throwaway attitude to clothes shopping. 100 rupees = $2.25 Canadian http://www.bbc.co.uk/thread/blood-sweat-tshirts/

41. Sweat Shops Top 10 Worst Sweatshop Abusing Companies: 1) Primark – Cheap clothes from cheap labour… 2) Topshop – They’ve done it before they’ll do it again… 3) Asda/Walmart - Slave drivers of China & Bangladesh… 4) Tesco – Every little help, except in sweatshops… 5) Nike – Nasty old Nike, always exploiting their workers… 6) Adidas – Sweatshop made, Olympics specials… 7) Disney – Magic for some, sadness for others… 8) Burberry – Off to China for cheap workforce & fat profits… 9) Starbucks – Crap coffee, crap employers… 10) Planet Earth Inc – Sweatshop labour across the globe… Other companies who use sweat shops: Abercrombie and Fitch, Gymboree, Hanes, Ikea, Kohl’s, LL Bean, Pier 1 Imports, American Eagle, Dickies, Guess, Speedo, Tommy Hilfiger, Toys “R” Us.

42. International Trade Organizations OrganizationDescription World Trade OrganizationEstablished in 1995 Multilateral institution through which global trade rules are negotiated and enforced North American Free Trade Agreement Established 1994, joining Canada, the United States and Mexico forming the world's largest free trade area. NAFTA applies to the procurement of goods valued at more than $38,000 (Canada/U.S.) and $89,000 (Canada/Mexico) Free Trade Agreement of the Americas Established in 2005, the FTAA is a collaboration among 34 democratic governments in the Americas, to ensure prosperity, democracy and free markets for goods and services in the hemisphere

43. Fair Trade Coffee from Kenya, textiles from India, tea from Sri Lanka, nuts from El Salvador, ceramics from Mexico, and chocolate from Ghana… Many of the things we buy are grown or made in developing countries. But do the people who produce these goods get a fair price for them, and what are their working conditions like?

44. Fair Trade For most workers, wages are low, there is no job security, and working conditions are often unhealthy and unsafe. Fair trade is an international system of doing business based on dialogue, transparency, and respect.

45. Fair Trade What is your role?  Churches, communities, school, unions, businesses and consumer groups are pushing to move Fair Trade products into mainstream grocery stores  The demand must increase, so more workers will benefit  Demand products will superior quality  Become a player in the solution to global trade inequalities

46. Child Labour What is Child Labour?  Children under the age of 12 that are working Worst forms of child labour  enslaved, forcibly recruited, prostituted, trafficked, forced into illegal activities and exposed to hazardous work. Can children work?  Yes, as long as it does not negatively affect their health and development or interfere with education

47. Convention on the Rights of Child Most universal international agreement Ensures children's rights Has been ratified by 190 countries Only two countries have not ratified: the United States & Somalia, however they have signaled their intention to ratify by signing the convention. http://www.unicef.org/photoessays/30048.html

48. Convention on the Rights of Child The Convention on the Rights of the Child….  Reinforces fundamental human dignity.  Highlights and defends the family's role in children's lives  Seeks respect for children – but not at the expense of the human rights or responsibilities of others.  Endorses the principle of non-discrimination  Establishes clear obligations

49. The Rights of A Child Principle 1 The child shall enjoy all the rights set forth in this Declaration. Every child, without any exception whatsoever, shall be entitled to these rights, without distinction or discrimination on account of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status, whether of himself or of his family. Principle 2 The child shall enjoy special protection, and shall be given opportunities and facilities, by law and by other means, to enable him to develop physically, mentally, morally, spiritually and socially in a healthy and normal manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity. In the enactment of laws for this purpose, the best interests of the child shall be the paramount consideration. Principle 3 The child shall be entitled from his birth to a name and a nationality. Principle 4 The child shall enjoy the benefits of social security. He shall be entitled to grow and develop in health; to this end, special care and protection shall be provided both to him and to his mother, including adequate pre-natal and post-natal care. The child shall have the right to adequate nutrition, housing, recreation and medical services. Principle 5 The child who is physically, mentally or socially handicapped shall be given the special treatment, education and care required by his particular condition.

50. The Rights of a Child Principle 6 The child, for the full and harmonious development of his personality, needs love and understanding. He shall, wherever possible, grow up in the care and under the responsibility of his parents, and, in any case, in an atmosphere of affection and of moral and material security; a child of tender years shall not, save in exceptional circumstances, be separated from his mother. Society and the public authorities shall have the duty to extend particular care to children without a family and to those without adequate means of support. Payment of State and other assistance towards the maintenance of children of large families is desirable. Principle 7 The child is entitled to receive education, which shall be free and compulsory, at least in the elementary stages. He shall be given an education which will promote his general culture and enable him, on a basis of equal opportunity, to develop his abilities, his individual judgement, and his sense of moral and social responsibility, and to become a useful member of society. The best interests of the child shall be the guiding principle of those responsible for his education and guidance; that responsibility lies in the first place with his parents. The child shall have full opportunity for play and recreation, which should be directed to the same purposes as education; society and the public authorities shall endeavour to promote the enjoyment of this right. Principle 8 The child shall in all circumstances be among the first to receive protection and relief. Principle 9 The child shall be protected against all forms of neglect, cruelty and exploitation. He shall not be the subject of traffic, in any form. The child shall not be admitted to employment before an appropriate minimum age; he shall in no case be caused or permitted to engage in any occupation or employment which would prejudice his health or education, or interfere with his physical, mental or moral development. Principle 10 The child shall be protected from practices which may foster racial, religious and any other form of discrimination. He shall be brought up in a spirit of understanding, tolerance, friendship among peoples, peace and universal brotherhood, and in full consciousness that his energy and talents should be devoted to the service of his fellow men.

51. Homework Making Nike Sweat Behind the Label Child Labour

52. WHAT YOU LEAVE BEHIND Ecological Footprints

53. Ecological Footprint Ecological Footprints are a measure of human impact on the Earth. The footprint equals the Earth’s cost to sustain one person. It’s measured in hectares and represents the land area needed to provide resources and absorb waste and greenhouse gases produced by an individual.

54. Ecological Footprint World Average – 2.2 hectares Biggest Footprint – United States – 9.6 hectares Smallest Footprint – Bangladesh – 0.5 hectares Average Canadian Footprint – 8.6 hectares  Canada has the 3rd highest footprint in the world!  Why is Canada’s average footprint so big?

55. Ecological Footprint We require ….. 0.2 hectares of land for water (to drink & provide seafood)  0.4 hectares of land for home and roads and factories that make the material things we grave 1.6 hectares of land for farmland to grow the food we eat 0.3 hectares of land for grazing land for meat and dairy 1.4 hectares of land for timber wood and paper products 4.7 hectares of land and needed to absorb the greenhouse gases produced by driving around town, through the running of air conditioners and the import of exotic goods and foods = 8.6 hectares

56. Ecological Impact of Nations The map on the following slide shows various countries and regions of the world proportionate to their production and consumption of commercially traded fuels. All figures are in million metric tons of oil equivalent.

57. Ecological Impact of Nations

59. SUSTAINABILITY The Environment

60. Defining Environment & Sustainability Sustainability refers to the ability to develop in order to meet the needs of the present without negatively affecting the ability of future generations to meet their needs

61. Defining Environment & Sustainability If we are not all following our role as stewards in the global village, then we will not have a sustainable environment for our future children. “We do not inherit the earth from our grandparents, we borrow it from our children.” We must all do our part to keep our consumption of resources to a minimum, and to keep the environment around us clean. Are you doing your part?

62. How a Greenhouse Works The sun’s rays are strong enough to pierce through the glass of the greenhouse. The rays become weaker once they bounce off something, so they are not all able to pierce back through the glass… the temperature inside rises.

63. The Greenhouse Effect - Then Sun’s rays Some rays are strong enough to escape back into space Some rays are held in by the atmosphere Atmosphere

64. The Greenhouse Effect - Now Sun’s rays More rays are held in, warming up the Earth A thickened atmosphere, caused by pollution

65. Climate Change is a major shift in the overall temperature levels of the Earth (up or down). Global Warming is the rising of the average temperature of Earth. The Greenhouse Effect is the trapping of heat by the Earth’s thickened atmosphere. This is caused by pollution. Defining Environment & Sustainability

66. WHAT ARE CURRENT WORLD PROBLEMS THAT YOU ARE AWARE OF? Solving World Problems

67. What does this quote mean to you? “Our world is smaller and more crowded than ever before. While sovereign states remain the fundamental building blocks of international society, they now share the landscape with a host of other actors. Globalization has connected people and places in ways that were around national economies. In the process it has generated unprecedented levels of wealth. Yet many have been left behind and unexpected threats have emerged. Canadians now understand that seemingly remote events can have direct, and sometimes dire, domestic consequences.”

68. It has been said, that within the borders of Canada a mini world exists. With our increasing cultural diversity we become more aware of the ‘Global Village’ and the opportunities it holds. Canadians are traveling to foreign lands and experiencing unique cultures, negotiating trade agreements with emerging global economies, addressing concerns of global security and environmental issues. No man or country is an island and Canada’s international relationships are based on equality and democracy.

69. How is Canada Connected to the World? Since January 2004, Canada has: Launched the Canada Corps to work in Ukraine Led the International Mission for Iraqi Elections Commanded the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan and the multinational force in Haiti Negotiated a new Security and Prosperity Partnership with our Counterparts in North America Pursued trade, science & technology agreements with India, Japan & Korea Shown leadership in combating HIV/AIDS in the developing world Encouraged debt relief for the poorest countries

70. International Organisations Short forms & Symbols Organizatio n Description Snapshot NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organizatio n An alliance of 26 countries from North America and Europe committed to fulfilling the goals of the Atlantic Treaty, concerning issues of security, safeguarding the freedom of its member countries by political and military means. Is playing an increasingly important role in crisis management and peacekeeping. G8Group of 8An informal group of eight countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States of America, who meet annually. Focus on broad economic development and foreign policies including Africa’s development and global climate change. WTOWorld Trade Organizatio n An international body that promotes free trade, develops international trade rules, negotiates and monitors trade agreements. Co-operates with other organizations to provide technical assistance and training for developed.

71. International Organisations Short forms & Symbols OrganizationDescription Snapshot The Commonwealth Promotes good governance and fundamental political values, confronting challenges to peace and security, conflict identification, preventive measures, and successful peaceful conflict resolution. Efforts have dismantled apartheid and strengthen international relationships, assist small states and developing countries in democratic development, defence of human rights, women’s equality and sustainable

72. International Organisations Short forms & Symbols OrganizationDescription Snapshot UNUnited Nations A 191 member group that strive to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of economic, social, cultural and humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights. Is subdivided into a number of organizations. UNESCO Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization Strives to encourage international understanding and peace by promoting cooperation through education, science and culture. Programs designed to improve facilities are emphasized. UNICEFInternational Children’s Emergency Fund Generally assists children in developing countries focusing on issues of child protection, educating females, immunization. HIV/AIDS, gender equality, child rights, access to nutrition and safe water.

73. International Organisations Short forms & Symbols Organizatio n Description Snapshot WHOWorld Health Organizatio n Strives to improve health of the world’s people. Establish programs to train personnel, provide information on major communicable diseases and organize research into cancer, heart disease and HIV/AIDS

74. G-8 History Originally established in 1975 by the Leaders of major industrial democracies known as the G6, Canada joined in 1976 making it the G7 Meet annually (Summit) to address world political & economic issues The G7 countries became the G8 when Russia joined in 1998 Summits involve complex international issues where cooperation is essential, they catalyze, revitalize & reform existing international institutions Recognizes the centrality of global governance

75. G-8 Members 8 members (at right) + EU observer status Also G-5 Also G-77 http://g8.gc.ca/6831/how-the-g8-works/

76. G-8 Members

77. G-8 Organization A new chair of G8 is selected each year depending on the location of the next year’s summit, which is on a rotational basis The chair is responsible for hosting and organizing the Summit, an annual meeting of leaders to discuss key issues The chair is responsible for speaking on behalf of the G8 The 2005 chair who hosted the Gleneagle’s Summit, Scotland is UK PM H.E. The Rt. Hon. Tony Blair The 2006 chair of the St. Petersburg Summit, Russia will be Russian President H.E. Vladimir Putin

78. G-8 Goal / Mandate Addresses economic management, international trade, relationships with developing countries, East – West economic relations, energy, terrorism Defines new issues, providing guidance to other international organizations Leaders may create task forces to address issues such as drug-related money laundering, nuclear safety, transnational organized crime Other issues addressed include employment, the information highway, human rights, the environment and arms control

79. G-8 Canadian Involvement Canada hosted the 2002 Summit in Kananaskis, Alberta, and we will host the 2010 G-8 Summit The Rt. Hon. Paul Martin is our representative Mr. Peter Harder (Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs) is our “Sherpa”  Each G8 leader has a representative know as a ‘Sherpa’ who work as advisors in the Leader’s offices and implement the Leader’s commitments made at the Summit. 2010 g8 conference will be in the Muskokas.

80. G-8 Current Activities Supporting the New Partnership for Africa’s Development, lead by Tony Blair to develop an action plan to halve world poverty by 2015

81. G8 Prep in Hunstville

82. Homework Read: G8 brings trepidation in Huntsville Answer with your thoughts on the article. Hand in.