1. System of impact factors of human movement Jan Novotný Dept. of Sport Medicine Faculty of Sports Studies Masaryk University Brno - Czech Republic novotny@fsps.muni.cz The International Christmas Post-graduate School "Qualitative and Quantitative Research in Sport Science” 6-10th December 2006 Berzsenyi College – Szombathely Hungary

2. OUTLINES Aim of the lecture Limiting factors of athletes´ performances Supplement Systemic approach to the scientific problems What is the system of factors? Systematic determination of factors and relations Strings of factors and relations Recommendation for the construction of the system Example of student's impact factor system Assignment for students to discussion System of impact factors on human movement

3. Aim of the lecture and systemic approach SUPPORT OF RESEARCH PROJECTS planning – strategy and method selection hypothesis construction - result interpretation - conclusions System of impact factors on human movement TO ANSWER TO SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS (What exercise intensity is optimal for diabetics?) TO CONTRIBUTE TO SYSTEMIC SOLUTION OF COMPLICATED SCIENTIFIC PROBLEMS (Exercise of diabetics)

4. GROUPS OF LIMITING FACTORS OF ATHLET´S PERFORMANCE System of impact factors on human movement ATHLET´S PERFORMANC E Genetic factors Age - Gender Anthropometric component Neural component Muscle-skeletal component Metabolic component Cardio-respiratory component Mental component Training, competition Physical loading Regeneration Environment Time Social component Family School Job Friends Habitual activities Hobbies Dependence Spirituality EXOGENOUS ENDOGENOUS SUPPLEMENT

5. 1.Definition of terms, explication of the sense. 2.Analysis of a situation and problem. 3.Detection and description of objects, processes on, and relations among one. 4.Non-isolated evaluation of objects. 5.Complex hierarchical understanding and solution of a problem. 6.Object evaluation at time dependence. 7.Irreplaceability of human factor. 8.Final analysis and verification of the system. Attributes of the systemic approach (P.Janíček, E. Ondráček, 1998) System of impact factors on human movement

6. SYSTEM = SET OF FACTORS ELEMENTS VARIABLES AND RELATIONS What is the system of factors? System of impact factors on human movement REACTION OF DIABETICS TO EXERCISE STATE OF THE DIABETES control complications EXERCISE Intensity, duration... EXTERNAL CONDITIONS LEVEL OF ADAPTATION TO THE STRESS Diagram of a simplified example GENDER GENOTYPE ?

7. Systematic determination of the factors and relations System of impact factors on human movement MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS BLOOD PRESSGLYCAEMIA MENTAL STRESS To find and describe variables and relations among them - cause (independent factor) - consequence (dependent factor) - multiple cause - multiple consequence - reciprocal influence/impact To think about weight of factor influence/impact (aim of research).

8. A lot of „independent“ factors, dependent factor System of impact factors on human movement If MOTIVATION is very high and HEIGHT is 134 cm and HEART has EF>60% and KNEE has flexion 0-120 o then ABILITY TO ADAPTED BASKETBAL is good. I

9. System of impact factors on human movement MOTIVATION + HEIGHT + HEART + KNEE ABILITY TO BASKETBALL H L I H L L - HIGH - LOW - FULL - IMPAIRMENT H H L H L H L F I IF F I L H GOOD EXCELENT BAD F I NEW PIECE OF KNOWLEDGE - NEW TOOL FOR SOLUTION OF LIFE PROBLEMS AIM OF SCIENCE = FIND UP STRINGS OF FACTORS AND RELATIONS HYPOTHESIS VERIFICATION EF

10. 1.DETERMINATION AND ANALYSIS OF OBJECT (Diabetic) 2.DETERMINATION, ANALYSIS AND FORMULATION OF PROBLEM (Exercise of diabetic) 3.FORMULATION OF AIMS FOR SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM (To find an optimal exercise intensity for diabetics) 4.ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION OF LIMITATION, URGENCY etc. OF THE PROBLEM (Number and compliance of patient, Financial conditions, Time, Personnel, Tradition, etc.) 5.SYNTHESIS OF THE SYSTEM - Detection and description of objects and relations (State of diabetes, Specific diabetic complications, Reaction to the exercise, Exercise – volume, intensity; Preferred exercises, Safety limit of exercise intensity) Steps of the system construction (modification by P.Janíček and E. Ondráček, 1998) System of impact factors on human movement

11. TO ENRICH AND TUNE THE SYSTEM TO ENRICH AND TUNE THE SYSTEM REPETITION Recommendations for construction of the system? System of impact factors on human movement 1. INSPIRATION in an epicentre of selected scientific problem (REAL SYSTEM) - To watch objects during action (diabetic). - To talk with involved people (parents, doctor, teacher...). 2. INSPIRATION: - To study of literature sources (Current contents...). - To consult with experts. - To use experience. 3. TO COLLECT FACTORS AND RELATIONS: TO DRAW A DIAGRAM (see next example) and TO DESCRIBE (ABSTRACT SYSTEM). 4. TO RECOGNIZE: - factors (aerobic capacity) → definition, - indicators of the factors (VO 2 max) → what and why to measure, - type of values (quantitative - numerical - ml/kg.min) → how to measure

12. Example of student's impact factor system How do a value orientation impact a gymnast's performance? (Jalovecká, 20 October 2006) System of impact factors on human movement Gymnast's performance Value orientation Family Press TV Friends Mental type Physical fitness Age Gender Somatotype Training Regeneration Physiological functions Motivation Effort Technical equipment ? pondered psychological study - cross-section - questionnaires

13. Assignment for students System of impact factors on human movement Think up, draw, and describe factors and relations of your research problem in a diagram to next discussion. Orientation in a space and among factors is a important.

14. System of impact factors on human movement CONCLUSIONS 1.The human movement is impacted by a lot of factors. 2.The research on the field needs a systemic approach. 3.The creation the factor system (diagram), and its systematic improving, supports a research project realization - planning – strategy and method selection – hypothesis construction - result interpretation – conclusions. Start of triathlon in Brno 2006 4. The creation of the factor system demands time. Hurried scientist don't notice simple reason of worse performance – athlete was late on the start.

15. Thank you for your attention. www.fsps.muni.cz/~novotnywww.fsps.muni.cz/~novotny – Szombathely2006 Pictures from courses of Faculty of Sports Studies