2. Area - 3.28 million square kilometers Area - 3.28 million square kilometers Coast line – 7516 kms Coast line – 7516 kms 29 STATES, 5 UNION TERRITORRIES 29 STATES, 5 UNION TERRITORRIES Population – 1,156,897,766 Population – 1,156,897,766 population GROWTH RATE – 1.407 PCNT population GROWTH RATE – 1.407 PCNT 325 SPOKEN LANGUAGES 325 SPOKEN LANGUAGES 18 OFFICIAL LANGUAGES 18 OFFICIAL LANGUAGES 1652 DIALECTS 1652 DIALECTS 2 ND BIGGEST CONTRY IN POPULATION 2 ND BIGGEST CONTRY IN POPULATION

3. journey THROGH THE THE HISTORY OF INDIA

5. 3 PARTS 3 PARTS Ancient Civilization Kingdoms European Rule

6. Ancient Civilization 3300 bc – 500 bc The Harappa and Mohenjo- Daro civilization 3300 bc – 1300 bc Aryan civilization 2500 bc – 322 bc Vedic age 1200 bc – 500 bc

7. Kingdoms The Mouryas Gupta Period Muslim Period 322 bc – 1700 ad 322 bc – 188 bc 320 ad – 647 ad 1175 ad – 1707 ad

8. Early Civilizations of Ancient India

9. Indus Valley The harappan culture existed along the Indus River in what is Present day Pakistan. It was named after the city of Harappa. Harappa and the city of mohenja-daro were important centers of the Indus Valley civilization. This indus valley Civilization flourished around 3300 bc – 1300 bc

12. Natural Resources The indus valley contained numerous natural resources that were important of harappan civilization. The indus valley contained numerous natural resources that were important of harappan civilization. Resources Included: Fresh water and timber. Materials such as gold, silver, semi precious stones. Marine Resources.

13. Great bath

14. people malepriest

15. Early harappan – Ravi phase 3300 bc – 2800 bc This distinctive, regional culture which emerged is called early or pre- harappan. Trade networks linked this culture with related regional cultures and distant sources of raw materials, including lapis lauzil and other materials for bead-making. Domesticated crops include peas, sesame seeds, dates and cotton. Domestic animals also used, such as water buffalo. Mud brick for building.

18. Middle harappan – integration era 2600 bc – 1900 bc By 2500 bce, communities had been turned into urban centers (integration). Six such urban centers have been discovered including : harappa, mohenja- daro and dicki in pakistan, along with gonorreala, dokalingam and manglore in india. In total, over 1052 cities and settlements have been found, mainly in the general region of the ghaggar-florence river and its tributaries. In total, over 1052 cities and settlements have been found, mainly in the general region of the ghaggar-florence river and its tributaries.

19. Male skeleton

20. Female skeleton

21. Late harappan – cemetry h 1700 bc – 1300 bc Expansion of setttlements into the east. Rice became a main crop. Continued use of mud brick for building. Cremation of human remains. The bones were stored in painted pottery burial urns. This is completely different to the indus civilization where bodies were buried in wooden coffins.apparent breakdown of the widespread trade of the indus civilization with materials such as marine shells no longer used.

22. Burial urns

23. Harappan script still undecipherable

24. Collapse of harappan civilization Intense flodding Decrease in population Dessication of sarasvati river Aryan invasion Four theories of collapse :

25. Aryans Group of nomadic tribes who had originally inhabited central asia. Group of nomadic tribes who had originally inhabited central asia. Tall, faor haired, with clear cut features, they setted in punjab in indus valley region. Tall, faor haired, with clear cut features, they setted in punjab in indus valley region. Fought with the original people of the indus valley civilization who were dar sin and nown as dasyus or dravidians. Fought with the original people of the indus valley civilization who were dar sin and nown as dasyus or dravidians. The superiority of aryans resulted in the dravidian submission and retirement to the south. The superiority of aryans resulted in the dravidian submission and retirement to the south.

26. Aryan migration

27. Sanskrit writing

28. The aryan society was very well organized, ruled by monarch. The aryan society was very well organized, ruled by monarch. Practiced the four vedas. Practiced the four vedas. Caste system was introduced and practiced based on one’s profession: Caste system was introduced and practiced based on one’s profession: Brahmins: priests, teachers, intellectuals Brahmins: priests, teachers, intellectuals Shatriyas: warriors, soldiers Shatriyas: warriors, soldiers Vashya: traders, merchants, peasants Vashya: traders, merchants, peasants Shudras: people in service of others Shudras: people in service of others Outcastes: the untouchables Outcastes: the untouchables Aryan period is washed out the end of 322 bc Aryan period is washed out the end of 322 bc

29. Cultural impact of aryans: The culture of aryan period exist today and has been an integral part of hindus all oner the world. The culture of aryan period exist today and has been an integral part of hindus all oner the world. All hindus accept vedas as their most sacred scripture. All hindus accept vedas as their most sacred scripture. Hindu religion originated with aryans. Hindu religion originated with aryans. With the invasion of persian kings cyrus and darius in the 500 bc there were significant changes and commingling of aryan and persian culture With the invasion of persian kings cyrus and darius in the 500 bc there were significant changes and commingling of aryan and persian culture

30. The vedic age The foundations for hinduism were established The foundations for hinduism were established

31. The vedas 1200 bce - 600 bce Written in sansrit Hindu core of beliefs: Hymns and poems Religious prayers Magical spells List of gods and goddesses Rigveda – oldest wor

32. The caste system Who is the... Who is the... The mouth ? The mouth ? The arms ? The arms ? The legs ? The legs ? The feet ? The feet ? What is jati ? What is jati ?

33. Kingdoms

34. The mouryan empire

35. The mouryans The first empire to successfully unite most of the subcontinent is the mourya which ruled from 322 bc – 188 bc The first empire to successfully unite most of the subcontinent is the mourya which ruled from 322 bc – 188 bc

36. Founder : chandra gupta mourya Founder : chandra gupta mourya Advisor : kautilya Advisor : kautilya Chandra gupta, the great defeated the persian general selucs Divided his empire into provinces, then districts, for tax assessments and law enforcement. He feared assassination In 3o1 bc he gave up his throne and became a jain

37. asoka Religious conversion after the gruesome battle of kalinga. Religious conversion after the gruesome battle of kalinga. Dedicated his life to buddhism Dedicated his life to buddhism Extension of roads Extension of roads Plantation of trees Plantation of trees Buddhist principles dominate his laws Buddhist principles dominate his laws

39. Cultural impact of the mouryans Origin of non violence in india Origin of non violence in india Asoka promoted non violence along with Buddhism Asoka promoted non violence along with Buddhism Spread of Buddhism to the neighboring countries of china, thailand, japan etc …, Spread of Buddhism to the neighboring countries of china, thailand, japan etc …, Education and intellectual movement Education and intellectual movement World’s first university is established World’s first university is established

40. The gupta empire

41. Gupta rulers The gupta period is known as golden age of indIa The gupta period is known as golden age of indIa Era of the most advanced civilization, flush with wealth, higher education, trade with foreign countreis and overall happy life. Era of the most advanced civilization, flush with wealth, higher education, trade with foreign countreis and overall happy life. Period of hindu renaissance Period of hindu renaissance

42. Extensive trade

43. Gupta art

44. Impact of gupta period Showed preference to hindu religion Showed preference to hindu religion Music, architecture, sculptures, paintings were at its best. Music, architecture, sculptures, paintings were at its best. Various copper status images of buddha reflect the craftsmanship of the gupta period. Various copper status images of buddha reflect the craftsmanship of the gupta period.

45. Islam arrives in India

47. turks period turks from central asia invadede india and ruled from 1175 to 1340 ad. turks from central asia invadede india and ruled from 1175 to 1340 ad. attracted by india’s wealth, looted and destroyed temples. attracted by india’s wealth, looted and destroyed temples. More interested in wealth rather than politics and were soon replaced by mughals. More interested in wealth rather than politics and were soon replaced by mughals. The turks’ dominance in 1526 with the invasion of mughals from central asia The turks’ dominance in 1526 with the invasion of mughals from central asia

48. Babur akbar

49. Muslim period nomadic people of central asia. nomadic people of central asia. The first invader was babur, related to genghis khan. The first invader was babur, related to genghis khan. He defeated rajputs and afghans and ruled in india He defeated rajputs and afghans and ruled in india Babur’s successors: akbar and shahjahan are the most prominent in indian history. Babur’s successors: akbar and shahjahan are the most prominent in indian history. Akbar is known to be the first muslim empire to unite the muslims and the hindus and marrying a hindu woman Akbar is known to be the first muslim empire to unite the muslims and the hindus and marrying a hindu woman Shahjahan is nown in history fir building the world famous minument tajmahal. Shahjahan is nown in history fir building the world famous minument tajmahal.

50. Declining of the mughal slaAurangazeb’s reign begins the decline of mughalindia slaAurangazeb’s reign begins the decline of mughalindia he was an orthodox muslim who reinstituted the jizyahand attempted to conquer the deccan. he was an orthodox muslim who reinstituted the jizyahand attempted to conquer the deccan.

52. British East India Company Agents 1-E

53. Coins of the British East India Co. 1719 coin 1804 coin 1719 coin 1804 coin

54. Coffee House in British India

55. Sepoy soldiers 1-F

56. Why was Britain so successful in India by the end of the 18c?? 1-I

57. Sir Warren Hastings r. 1773 - 1784

58. India in mid-18c

59. Lord Cornwallis r. 1786 - 1793 1-J

60. Lord Bentinck r. 1828 - 1835 1-K

61. British Soldiers in India, 1830s

62. British Opium Warehouse in Patna, India Selling Patna Opium in China

63. Lord Dalhousie r. 1848 - 1856 1-L

64. India: 18c-early 19c

65. Execution of Sepoys: “The Devil’s Wind”

67. 1876: Queen Victoria Becomes “Empress of India” 2-D

68. Queen Victoria in India PAX BRITANNICA

69. Bengal Medical Service, 1860

70. A Life of Leisure!

71. Chartered Bank of Calcutta, 1915

72. Vasco da gama

73. Why vasco da gama discovered india?

74. 2-F

76. the Indian National Congress  1885  The Indian National Congress was founded in Bombay.  swaraj  “independence.” * the goal of the movement.

77. Jawaharlal nehru 1889 - 1964

78. the Muslim League  1905  partition of Bengal based on religions and languages.  1906  creation of the Muslim League.

79. Mohammed Ali Jinnah 1876 - 1948

80. Young Mohandas K. Gandhi, 1876 1869 - 1948

81. Salt March, 1930 Making Salt

82. Gandhi spinning cloth Indian weaving was ruined by the competition of British machine-made textiles!

84. Last Viceroy of India Lord Louis & Lady Edwina Montbatten

85. Partition!

87. References cited: http://www.pppst.com http://www.pppst.com http://www.pppst.com http://www.indianhistory.com http://www.indianhistory.com http://www.indianhistory.com http://www.geocites.com http://www.geocites.com http://www.geocites.com http://en.wikipedia.org http://en.wikipedia.org http://en.wikipedia.org http://www.britishindia.com http://www.britishindia.com http://www.britishindia.com

88. thank you

89. By: Amzad ali. E