1. Conflict or Compromise? Events Leading to the Civil War (1850-1861)

2. The Compromise of 1850 Compromise - slave and free states both gave in . . .
California -free state
Texas - slave state
Other territories will vote on whether they will have slavery
Ends slave trade in Wash., DC
Fugitive Slave Law est. - Escaped slaves must be returned

3. The Compromise of 1850
As a result of the war against Mexico, the United States acquired the regions shown on this map as California, Utah Territory, New Mexico Territory, and the portions of Texas not included in the Province of Texas.

4. Escaped slaves were now everyone’s responsibility
The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
Conflict
Escaped slaves were now everyone’s responsibility
The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
All citizens were now required to help capture slaves or face stiff fines and/or jail time!

5. This Creates Northern Outrage!
Even Free Blacks now feared of being forced back into slavery!
Thousands of African Americans flee to Canada
Abolitionists now become a powerful force!

6. Leaflets Show How Many Northerners Felt
Leaflets like this reflect the outrage many Northerners felt in response to the capture and reenslavement of African Americans that resulted from the passage of a tougher Fugitive Slave Law as part of the Compromise of 1850.

7. Famous Fugitive Slaves
William and Ellen Craft
The couple who pretended to be the wealthy white male (Ellen) and his slave companion (William)
Anthony Burns
A visible reminder of the horrors of the Fugitive Slave Law when arrested in Boston

8. Anthony Burns
The “trial” and subsequent return of Anthony Burns to slavery in 1854 resulted in the publication of a popular pamphlet in Boston. Documents like this generated increased support—and funds—for the abolitionist cause.

9. Abolitionist Poster
An abolitionist poster from Massachusetts condemns the Fugitive Slave Law and the politicians who voted for it.

10. Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) Conflict
Sold 300,000 copies in the first year!
Made brutality of slavery very personal

11. Uncle Tom’s Cabin – Harriet Beecher Stowe
(1811 – 1896)
So this is the lady who started the Civil War Abraham Lincoln
Infuriated Southerners – She had never visited the Deep South!

12. Compromise Kansas – Nebraska Act - 1854
“Popular Sovereignty” used to decide if territory will be free or slave state
Pro-Abolition and Pro-Slavery forces flood Kansas to sway the vote!
Leads to
BLOODY KANSAS!

13. Nebraska is ok, but Kansas . . .
Two territorial governments exist in Kansas by 1856
Violence erupts in Kansas (and in Congress)

14. The Kansas-Nebraska Act

15. Conflict Bleeding Kansas (John Brown) - 1856
A militant abolitionist who led a few others into a pro slavery settlement outside of Lawrence, Kansas. They hacked five men to death with swords.

16. Dred Scott Decision (1856) Conflict
Does taking a slave to a free state or territory free the slave?
Could a black man sue in federal court?

17. Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper
The Dred Scott case was front page news on Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper in Harriet and Dred with their two daughters are depicted sympathetically as members of the middle class rather than as abused and mistreated slaves.

18. Dred Scott Decision: Reaction
Divided the country further over slavery issue
Fifth Amendment upheld by Supreme Court - protects (white) people from loss of property without due process of the law
also secures idea of slaves as property

19. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (for US Senate from Illinois) Conflict
Stephen Douglas – running for reelection
Abraham Lincoln
Did not believe in racial equality
Believed in the right to be paid for labor regardless of race
Douglas wins race, but Lincoln makes a name for himself – useful later!

20. John Brown’s Raid - Conflict
Brown determined to invade South and end slavery. Hoped to attract slaves to cause as he and “army” moved South.
October 16, 1859, he and 21 other men blacks and 16 whites - - raided the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry.

21. John Brown’s Raid and Reaction
Increased tensions, North and South
Southerners traumatized and terrified
John Brown is executed for crimes
Brown becomes a Northern hero/martyr
Moved South closer to secession

22. Conflict
Election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln runs as a Republican (birth of the party)
Republicans win election without winning any Southern States
The South sees this as a complete loss of political power in Washington!

23. The Election of 1860
The results reflect the sectional schism over slavery. Lincoln carried the election although he won only in northern states. His name did not even appear on the ballot in most southern states.

24. Disunion (As titled in textbook)
South Carolina secedes December 20th, 1860
By February, seven Deep South states seceded
Lincoln tried to calm southern fears
“Only” dispute was over the expansion of slavery
Promised to enforce the Constitution and
Not interfere with slavery where it existed
Not tolerate secession

25. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861