2. Catalyst 1.Describe how dispersion forces are created 2.What intermolecular forces does HF contain? 3.What intermolecular forces does NCl 3 contain? End

3. When is the last time you helped someone? Every day is a collaborative day!

4. Does it Dissolve?

5. Justify – TPS Why do some things dissolve in water, but other things do not?

6. Lecture 4.3 – The Dissolving Process and the Rate of Dissolving

7. Today’s Learning Targets LT 4.1 – I can discuss how ionic solids dissolve due to the random molecular motion of the water molecules. LT 4.3 – I can compare and contrast various intermolecular forces and relate them to the dissolving process of a solid. LT 4.4 – I can hypothesize how surface area, temperature, and pressure impact the dissolving process of a solid.

8. Why do substances dissolve?

9. I. The Dissolving Process The dissolving process is facilitated by motion of liquid molecules and intermolecular forces. Liquid molecules are moving in random motion. When a molecule is dissolved in water, water molecules hydrogen bond with one another to form a cage to dissolve.

12. II. Like Dissolves Like Like substances dissolve like substances If something has a charge, then it will not be able to dissolve something that does not have a charge.

13. SUMMARIZE

14. Sugar Cube Investigation We can make statements about what we think is the answer to a question, but a good scientist experiments You are going to be doing an investigation with your group to determine how surface area and temperature impact the rate at which something dissolves.

15. Lab Conduct Follow the procedure that has been given to you Respect the equipment. It costs a lot of money to replace this stuff Use the chemicals in a responsible and safe way Clean up the space when you are done Read the steps, they will tell you what to do.

16. Lab Work Time

17. Lab Debrief What happens to the rate at which the sugar dissolved as you increased the temperature? What happens to the rate at which the sugar dissolved as you increased the surface area? Why?!?!?!

18. A Problem Cools down to room temperature Gross! 

19. Justify – TPS Why does this solid appear at cold temperatures, but it wasnt present when the cider was hot?

20. How does temperature, pressure, and surface area impact rate of dissolving?

21. I. Dissolving We can alter the rate at which the solute dissolves by: 1. Changing the temperature 2. Changing the surface area of the solute 3. Changing the pressure of the solution.

22. II. Temperature and Dissolving As you increase the temperature, molecules start moving faster. By moving faster, the molecules are better able to grab the solute, form the cages around them and pull them into the solution. Therefore, the faster molecules are moving, the faster something dissolves.

23. Remember What Dissolving Looks Like?

24. Temperature and Dissolving Rate Cold liquidHot liquid

25. III. Surface Area and Dissolving As you increase the surface area, the rate at which the solute dissolves increases. As you increase the surface area of a substance, you are providing more sites for the solvent to interact with the solute.

26. Surface Area and Dissolving

27. Making a Carbonated Beverage

28. Justify – TPS Why does your soda become carbonated when you open it? What is happening?

29. IV. Pressure and Dissolving As you increase the pressure, the rate at which the solute dissolves increases. The solubility and pressure relationship is clearly seen when a gas dissolves in a liquid. Gases can dissolve into liquids.

30. IV. Pressure and Dissolving When a gas is above a liquid and the pressure is increased, the gas molecules collide more often with the wall of the liquid and this causes more gas to be pushed into the liquid.

33. SUMMARIZE

34. Mind Maps We will be making mind maps to understand the connections between concentration calculations and solution chemistry In the center of our mind map will be the term “Solution Chemistry” You will have branches coming up for all the terms that you think are important for the idea of solution chemistry

36. Mind Map Work Time Your mind map must contain the following words/terms/Ideas: – Molarity- Hydrogen Bonding – Percent Composition- Dipole-Dipole Forces – Crystal Lattice- Dispersion Forces – Intermolecular Forces- How atoms are – Solvent arranged in solids/ – Soluteliquids/gases – How dissolving occurs -How pressure, volume at the molecular leveland temperature influence dissolving Put as many things as you know! USE NOTES! Use colors!

38. Closing Time Lab Report Methods/Results due Tuesday!