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2. Where does cellular respiration occur?

3. In the mitochondria of eukaryotes and the cytoplasm of prokaryotes.

4. Summarize the process of cell respiration.

5. Cells make energy from food. Glucose (food) reacts with oxygen to generate ATP (energy)

6. What molecules are required for cells to undergo respiration?

7. O 2 =Oxygen & C 6 H 12 O 6 =Glucose

8. When the cell does not have enough oxygen for respiration, what process occurs?

9. Fermentation

10. What are the products of respiration?

11. Water, Carbon Dioxide, and Energy (ATP)

12. What is the term for movement of substances through a cell membrane WITHOUT using energy?

13. Passive Transport

14. What is diffusion?

15. Movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration

16. What is the word used to describe the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane?

17. Osmosis

18. You put a cell into a solution. There’s more stuff dissolved in the solution than in the cell. What will happen to the cell? (Extra Knowledge: What type of solution is this called)

19. The cell will shrivel up (Hypertonic).

20. What happens to a cell that is placed in pure water? (Extra Knowledge: What type of solution is this called)

21. The cell will swell up if placed in a this solution. (Hypotonic means there is less stuff in the solution than in the cell.)

22. What is active transport?

23. Movement of substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration that requires energy.

24. What is endocytosis?

25. A type of active transport in which the cell membrane closed around a particle and brings it into the cell. It then pinches off forming a vesicle for storage.

26. What is the name for the process by which a vesicle forms around a particle; moves to the cell membrane; fuses to the membrane; and moves the particle out of the cell?

27. Exocytosis

28. What is the primary difference between active and passive transport?

29. Active transport requires energy (low to high conc.) while passive transport (high to low) does not.

30. Is diffusion a form of active transport? Explain.

31. No, it does not require energy.

32. What types of organisms can undergo photosynthesis?

33. Plants, algae, some protists, and some bacteria.

34. What is the name of the pigment that captures the energy from sunlight?

35. Chlorophyll

36. What is happening during photosynthesis?

37. Plant cells are making food from sunlight (carbon dioxide and water are also necessary).

38. What is the formula for photosynthesis?

39. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Reactants Products sunlight

40. Why do heterotrophs (like us) depend upon photosynthesis to survive?

41. Photosynthetic autotrophs (plants and algae) are the base of almost all food webs and energy pyramids. They also produce oxygen, which we are dependent upon.

42. What is happening during cell respiration, and where do the organisms doing this get the raw materials to make it happen?

43. Animal and plant cells are producing energy (ATP) from food (glucose). The animals get food from eating things, and the plants make their own food using photosynthesis. Animals take in the oxygen needed by breathing, and the plants take in oxygen when sunlight isn’t present.

44. What is the equation for cell respiration?

45. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy (Glucose) (ATP) Reactants Products

46. How are the equations for photosynthesis and respiration related?

47. They are almost opposites! The reactants (raw materials) for one are the products of the other.

48. Because respiration and photosynthesis are occurring, what happens to the amounts of CO 2 and O 2 in the atmosphere?

49. The levels stay about the same.

50. Plants and animals recycle each other’s waste…YUCK  or YAY …Explain.

51. Yay!!!!! Plants give off oxygen as a product of photosynthesis, and we (along with other animals) give off carbon dioxide. Plants need the carbon dioxide and we need the oxygen. Works out great for everybody