1. Big theme in biology: Structure & Function are related!
This is true at all levels of organization: molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. 1

2. Note log scale. 2

3. Animals
Bacteria
Plants
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Protists
Archaea
Fungi

4. Contrasting the size and complexity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cell
Nucleoid region
Nucleus
Eukaryotic cell
Organelles
TEM 15,000
Colorized TEM 15,000
Fig 4.3A 4

5. Comparing sizes of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Fig 24.1A. Engulfment of bacteria by macrophage 5

6. Complete this Compare/Contrast Frame:
Simple
Cells
Complex
Cells

7. 7

8. 8

9. Eukaryotic cells are partitioned into functional compartments
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Flagellum
Not in most plant cells
Lysosome
Centriole
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Peroxisome
Microtubule
Plasma membrane
Intermediate filament
Cytoskeleton
Mitochondrion
Microfilament
A “typical” animal cell
Figure 4.4A 9

10. 10

11. Structure Function Cell Organelles in Cytoplasm Mitochondria
(Job)
Mitochondria
“Powerhouse.” Converts food energy in to usable energy (ATP). “Mighty” Generator. ER
Carries proteins throughout the cell.
Ribosomes
Makes proteins.
Golgi Bodies
Receives, packages & sends materials.
“UPS” of the cell.
Chloroplasts
(plant only)
Captures light energy to make food energy. “Solar Panels” of the cell.
Vacuoles
Storage. (Water, food and other materials)
Lysosomes
Chemicals for breakdown.

12. 12

13. Complete this Compare/Contrast Frame:

14. Fig 4.5. The nucleus: the cell’s genetic control center.
Chromatin
Nucleolus
Pore
Ribosomes
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Two membranes of nuclear envelope
Fig 4.5. The nucleus: the cell’s genetic control center. 14

15. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Nuclear envelope
Ribosomes
TEM 45,000
Figure 4.7
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER has a variety of functions, eg making lipids. Rough ER makes membranes and proteins. 15

16. Mitochondria harvest chemical energy from food.16

17. 17

18. Organization of a “typical” plant cell
Central vacuole
Not in animal cells
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Golgi apparatus
Nucleus
Microtubule
Cytoskeleton
Intermediate filament
Microfilament
Ribosomes
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondrion
Peroxisome
Plasma membrane
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Figure 4.4B 18

19. Chloroplasts convert light energy to chemical energy (glucose).
TEM 9,750
Chloroplast
Stroma
Intermembrane space
Inner and outer membranes
Granum
Fig 4.14 19

20. FUNCTION
STRUCTURES
Breakdown / Digestion
Lysosomes and Peroxisomes.
Energy Processing
Mitochondria, Chloroplasts.
Support, Movement and Communication
Cytoskeleton, Cell Walls, Extracellular Matrix, Cell Junctions
Manufacturing
Nucleus, Ribosomes, ER, Golgi bodies.
Genetic headquarters
Nucleus

21. Must Know & Challenge Structures
1. Nucleus
Centriole
2. Mitochondria
Plastids
3. Chloroplast
Microtubules
4. Cell Wall
Microfilaments
5. Cell Membrane
Nucleolus
6. Ribosomes
Rough ER
7. Vacuole
Smooth ER
8. Cytoplasm
9. Golgi body (apparatus)
10. Lysosomes
11. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

22. Review Checklist:
Write out the three parts of the CELL THEORY.
Who is Robert Hooke? Why is he important?
Compare & Contrast frame between plant & animal cells.
Compare & Contrast frame between prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells.
Make a structure & function table for all the cell parts.
Sketch a plant cell, color it in and label all parts.
Sketch an animal cell, color it in and label all parts
Active study!
Know your vocab!

23. Cellular and sub-cellular levels
Cell membrane has surface area of 1/30 the surface area of period on typical page.
Nucleus has a surface area of 1/10 of cell membrane. 23

24. Organelles and Subcellular Structures
Manufacturing
Nucleus, Ribosomes, Rough ER, Smooth ER, Golgi Apparatus. (Connected through endomembrane system.)
Breakdown:
Lysosomes, Peroxisomes, Vacuoles
Energy Processing:
Chloroplasts, Mitochondria
Support, Movement, and Communication:
Cytoskeleton, Cell Walls, Extracellular matrix, Cell junctions 24