1. You are going to work in groups of 3-4 to create your own civilization. Describe the place that you would want to settle What would you need? How would you get it? What are the most important things? How would you develop rules for your civilization? What would your social structure be like? Would you have a common religion? What? Draw a picture to show your civilization

2. Mesopotamia, Egypt, Israelites, Assyrians, Persians, Aryans, Mauryans, Chinese

4. Mesopotamia literally means “between the rivers” This was the land located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in present day Iraq. Located in the eastern end of what is called the Fertile Crescent. land between the Mediterranean and the Persian Gulf known for rich soil and abundant crops. City-states of Ur, Eridu, and Uruk Temples, priests, eventually kings

5. Akkadians- set up the first empire around 2340 BC. Empire- large political unit or state, usually under single leader that controls much land Hammurabi To our knowledge, he set up the first set of rules or laws to govern an empire. Built temples, encouraged trade, brought economics to his land.

6. A collection of 282 laws etched into a stone that still exists today. Located in the Louvre Museum “eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth” comes from the code Consumer protection. Held craftsman accountable Marriage contracts Patriarchal society- Men had the power This code was used to govern business as well as the everyday lives of men, women, and children

7. Cuneiform- writing with wedge shaped tools on clay tablets and dried “The Epic of Gilgamesh” was a Sumerian story Tools & Technology The wagon wheel, the sundial, arch, bronze, potters wheel, charting constellations, math system based on the number 60

9. The Old Kingdom 2700 BC -2200 BC Kings or Pharaohs were divinely placed The egyptians of the old kingdom looked at their monarchs as gods. Pyramids Burial chambers for the family of the monarch Great pyramids of Giza Constructed around 2540 BC, still stands today

10. Middle Kingdom 2050 BC-1652 BC This period is known for the Pharaoh doing things to help the people, like draining swampland to make farms for the people New Kingdom 1567 BC-1085 BC The warrior kingdom of Egypt. Using new technology, they were able to drive out the Hyksos and create a large empire. Hatshepsut- female Pharaoh

11. Hieroglyphics- “sacred writings” used both pictures and abstract writing- complex Architecture Pyramids, temples, sphinx, obelisk Developed a 365 day calendar. Medical expertise. Treated wounds and disease

12. Left Mesopotamia for the land known as Canaan. During drought, left Canaan for Egypt, where they were captured and kept as slaves. Moses led them out of Egypt and wandered through the desert for many years before they were returned to Canaan. King Solomon built Temple in Jerusalem between 970- 930 BC Kingdom broke apart after Solomon’s death. Northern became Israel, Southern became Judah

13. One God, Yahweh, who created the world and everything in it. Different than other religions of the time, because they were monotheistic, meaning believing in only 1 God. Moses delivered the 10 commandments from God while the Israelites were in Exodus between Egypt and Canaan. Prophets- Messengers sent by God.

14. Assyria was established around 700 BC Located in the upper part of the Tigris river Fell in 612 BC due to internal strife and attack Very aggressive people who destroyed what they conquered Persia thrived in the mid 500’s BC under the leadership of Cyrus. Lasted until 330 BC when Alexander the Great conquered them

15. Many small civilizations flourished in the Indus River Valley. Much like as in Mesopotamia, the land was very fertile due to the river that flowed through it out of the Himalaya Mountains. Civilizations date in this area to 3000- 1500 BC.

16. The Aryans arrived in the Indus Valley sometime around 1500 BC. They came from Europe, and were mostly nomadic until they came upon this valley. Eventually they would have control throughout all of India They introduced the Caste System to India set of rigid social categories that determined a person’s place in society

17. Origins come from the Aryan people. Beliefs a single force in the universe, a god, called Brahman. reincarnation- soul is reborn after death of physical body into another form. After many cycles, the soul would eventually unite with Brahman. Idea of Karma comes from the Hindu religion Class system based from reincarnation Yoga “union” comes from Hindu practices.

18. The hindu’s believe that their god can adapt to 3 forms Brahma- Creator Vishnu- Preserver Siva- Destroyer Hinduism is still the largest religion in the Indian sub –continent today.

19. 600’s b.c. Siddhartha Gautama achieved “Nirvana” and was able to leave his physical body behind becoming “enlightened” Teaches that pain and sorrow occur because people are attached to physical things. Once people can forget about their worldly possessions, then pain and sorrow will also leave. Goal is to achieve Nirvana, “ultimate reality”

20. Gautama taught a message that most Buddhists follow called the 4 noble truths 1. Ordinary life is full of suffering 2. Suffering is caused by our desire to satisfy ourselves 3. The way to end suffering is to end desire for selfish goals and to see others as extensions of ourselves 4. The way to end desire is to follow the “middle path” right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfullness, and right concentration.

22. Mauryan Emperor Asoka built a network of trade routes that connected all parts of the known world: Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, and China, The Silk Road was a major route connecting the Eastern part of China over 4,000 miles to Mesopotamia.

23. Shang Dynasty 1750-1045 BC First chinese civilization. Developed writing system, government, bronze vessels Zhou Dynasty 1045-256 BC Mandate of Heaven- order was kept on Earth by the Zhou king so he ruled over humanity. Ruled by the DAO, “the way”. Had to rule with compassion to keep the gods happy. Qin Dynasty growth of chinese empire. Building of the “Great Wall” to keep out the Xiongnu

24. Han Dynasty Great increase in population. Extending China’s boundaries into what is now Vietnam Chinese family Filial Piety- duty of family members to subordinate their needs to the male head of the family Male supremacy occurred in China. Men worked, governed, were warriors, scholars and ministers. Women raised the children and kept the home in order

25. Philosopher who lived in the 600’s BC Best known for his short sayings that helped people deal with life. Believed there were 5 relationships. Parent-child, husband-wife, sibling-sibling, older friend- young friend, and ruler-subject. Duty and Humanity were 2 key subjects he taught of. “measure the feelings of others by one’s own”