1. Chapter 4 Food & Diet Objectives 1.To discuss why all living things need food. 2.To identify the main nutrients. 3.To state the function and two sources of each nutrient. 4.To test a variety of foods using appropriate techniques to determine if they contain Starch, Sugar, fat, or protein 5.To discuss the energy value of various nutrients 6.To examine the energy requirements of various different age groups and examine nutrition information tables on food products 7.To investigate the conversion of chemical energy into heat energy. 8.To examine a food pyramid and identify the location of various food groups in the pyramid

2. Draw a spider diagram to summarise what you know about food and diet Food

3. All living things need food Plants can make their own food through photosynthesis using sunlight energy. Animals cannot make their own food. They either get their food by eating plants or by eating other animals. Food is needed for the following: 1.As a source of energy 2.To provide material for growth 3.Food is needed for energy, growth, repair and to prevent diseases.

4. Food Nutrients Name the five major food nutrients? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Can you think of a Mnemonic to remember the five major food groups?

5. The five food nutrients are: Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Vitamins Minerals Water Could Fanny Play Violin Much Worse

6. A balanced diet consists of the right amounts of carbohydrates (including fibre), fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water. Water is essential for living things. It is an excellent solvent It also allows substances to be transported.

7. Main Food Nutrients Can you name any good sources of Sugar in the diet?

8. Can you name any good sources of Starch in the diet?

9. Can you name any good sources of fat in the diet?

10. Can you name any good sources of protein in the diet?

11. Can you name any good sources of vitamins in the diet?

12. Can you name any good Sources of minerals in the human diet?

13. NutrientFunctionSources (two) Carbohydrate a)Starch b)Sugar a)Cellulose (fibre) Protein Fats Vitamins Vitamin C Vitamin D Minerals Iron (Fe) Calcium (Ca)

14. What do you know about Food? NutrientFunctionSource (Food Found In) Carbohydrates a)Sugar b)Starch c)Cellulose (fibre) To provide energy Helps prevent Constipation Fruit, honey Potatoes, pasta Cereals, green veg ProteinsFor growth and repair of cells and to make muscle and hair Lean meat, nuts FatsTo provide a store of energy and for insulation Butter, cheese

15. NutrientFunctionSource (food it is found in) Vitamins Vitamin C Vitamin D For healthy skin and gums To build strong bones and teeth Citrus fruit (oranges, kiwis) Cheese, milk, sunshine Minerals Iron (Fe) Calcium Needed to make red blood cells For healthy bones and teeth Red meat, liver, cabbage Milk, cheese

16. Water Water is essential for all living things It is an excellent solvent It allows substances to be transported

17. Food Pyramid

19. The Food Pyramid By examining the food pyramid we see that for a healthy diet we should eat: 6+ helpings of cereal, bread or pasta per day. 3+ helpings each of fruit and green veg per day 2-3 helpings of dairy products per day 2-3 helpings of meat/fish/nuts or eggs per day Very few sweets, biscuits, fats and oils.

20. My plate food Pyramid

21. Food and Energy Different foods provide different amounts of energy. Which of the following foods are high in energy per gram?

22. The amount of energy that can be got from a food is called its energy value. The energy value is measured in Kilo joules (kj) per gram. Energy value of fat = 38 kj per gram Energy value of carbohydrates = 17 kj per gram Energy value of protein = 17 kj per gram Energy value of vitamins = 0kj per gram

23. Food labels List of ingredients in the product in desending order. Most foods have their energy value on the label.

24. Fats have twice the energy value of carbohydrates or proteins.

30. To investigate the conversion of chemical energy in food to heat energy –A burning cream cracker is placed under a test tube of water. –The temperature of the water rises.

31. A balanced diet consists of the correct amounts of the following: Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and water In general a balanced diet depends on: a)Your age b)Your sex (being male or female) c)Physical Activity (how much exercise you take)

32. A person who does not have a balanced diet may suffer from malnutrition. If you lack a particular vitamin in your diet e.g. vitamin C you may suffer from scurvy where you have unhealthy skin and gums.

33. Deficiency of vitamins and minerals VitaminFoodDeficiency Vitamin ACarrotsNight blindness Vitamin CCitrus fruit e.g. orangesScurvy – unhealthy gums and skin Vitamin DSunshine, dairy foodsWeak bones Minerals IronRed meatAnaemia – feeling pale and tired

34. If you eat too much food you may suffer from obesity and if you don’t have enough food you may suffer from starvation