1. APUSH Civil Rights Research Assignment

2. Africans first came to what would become the United States… Mostly as slaves. But some came as free people. Or they bought their freedom, as did Anthony and Mary Johnson in 1620s Virginia. They went on to own their own land and their own slaves as slavery was not yet based on race in the British colonies. However, by 1700, as the supply of indentured servants from England declined, landowners increasingly used slave labor. Virginia passed the first matrilineal slave law in 1662.

3. When the US became a country… The Declaration of Independence declared ALL MEN to be equal. Really? The Constitution allowed the importation of foreign born slaves for another 20 years. The northern states made importation illegal but generally blacks were second class citizens, while Southern states enacted codes and laws that keep those of African heritage enslaved.

4. The Civil War… Led to freedom (13 th Amendment) Citizenship (14 th Amendment) and Voting Rights (15th Amendment) HOWEVER, Freedmen’s Bureau and attempts at federal Civil Rights laws were resisted by the South and soon…

5. Jim Crow & Segregation Took hold Plessy v. Ferguson legitimized it in 1896 and it continued nearly unchallenged at the federal level until 1941 when FDR set up the FEPC (Fair Employment Practices Commission) to end discrimination in hiring defense industry workers Truman desegregated the US military in 1948 Brown v. Board of Education desegregated America’s schools in 1954 and Rosa Parks and the ACLU desegregated public transportation in Montgomery, Alabama

6. Civil Rights Research Assignment Due by the end of class on Tuesday, March 24 th to my S://In-box (there will be a CIVIL RIGHTS file for your class period)—or you can bring it via USB or email me… You will research—then report back to the class— about a Civil Rights activist, organization, law or Executive Order in the 1940s, 50s or 60s. You need to create ONE PowerPoint slide which includes a picture and which answers the following questions:

7. Research Qs for People/Organizations: 1. What did this person/org. do to advance the rights of African Americans? In other words, why is this person/org significant to the CR movement? Include dates. 2. What methods did this person/org use to advance African American civil rights? Give at least one specific example. 3. What and when was this person/org’s biggest success? Research Qs for Events/Laws/Executive Orders: 1. What did this event/law/EO do to advance the rights of African Americans? In other words, why is this event/law/EO significant to the CR movement. Include dates. 2. What methods did this event/law/EO use to advance African American civil rights? Give at least one specific example. 3. What is this event/law/EO’s biggest legacy? Explain.

8. Example: A. Phillip Randolph 1889-1979 1.Actions: He was the founder/president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (1925), co-founder of Leadership Conference on Civil Rights (1950), and a founder/leader of the March on Washington (1963) 2.Methods: The BSCP was the 1st serious effort to form a union for employees of the Pullman Company (a major employer of blacks). LCCR has been a major civil rights coalition. It coordinated a national legislative campaign on behalf of every major civil rights law since 1957. The March on Washington put national pressure on the government to end discrimination. 3.Successes? The BSCP gained concessions from Pullman in 1934—gaining $2,000,000 in pay increases, a shorter workweek, and overtime pay. The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is often attributed to the March on Washington Photo taken in 1963

9. 19. 1965 Bloody Sunday 20. 1966 March Against Fear 21. 1967 Thurgood Marshall 22. 1968 Civil Rights Act 23. 1968 George Wallace- AL Governor & American Independent Party Candidate 24. 1969 Kerner Commission 25. Congress of Racial Equality & James Farmer 26. Black Panthers & Huey Newton 27. NAACP & Roy Wilkins 28. Nation of Islam & Malcolm X 29. Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee & John Lewis & Stokely Carmichael 30. Southern Christian Leadership Conference & MLK & Ralph Abernathy 31. Race Riots (all during 1960s) 1.1946 Executive Order #9808 2.1947 Jackie Robinson 3.1948 Dixiecrat Party & Strom Thurmond 4.1948 Executive Order #9981 5.1950 Sweatt v. Painter 6.1955 Emmett Till 7.1957 Civil Rights Commission/Act 8.1960 Greensboro, NC Sit-ins 9.1960 Civil Rights Act 10.1961 Freedom Rides 11.1961 Albany Movement 12.1962 Ole Miss/James Meredith 13.1962 Executive Order #11063 14.1962 Medgar Evers 15.1963 March on WA for Jobs & Freedom (no MLK focus) 16.1963 Eugene “Bull” Connor 17.1963 16 th Street Baptist Church 18.1964 MS Freedom Summer & MS Freedom Democratic party