1. Global Responses to the Rise of the West
Mr. Wilson
AP World History
Wren High School

2. History of Imperialism

3. World in 1900

4. British Empire in 1900
“The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire”

5. Dutch Empire

6. German Empire in 1914

7. India “The Jewel in the Crown”
st British trade center at Bombay
1690 British establish center at Calcutta
1707 Start of Mughal decline
Seven Years’ War
British East India Co. uses sepoys
1857 Sepoy Rebellion
1858 Beginning of the British Raj

9. Indian Resistance to British Rule
Reforms
Ram Mohan Roy
Cooperation
Indian National Congress (1885)
Nationalism
Radical movement centered on Hinduism
Called for independence and revolts
Paved path for Gandhi, etc.
Ram Mohan Roy

10. Impact of British rule in India
Positive:
Western education
Social reforms
Keep the caste system
Technology
Railroads
Telegraph lines
Brought into the global market economy
Negative:
Move towards cash crops lead to famines
Drain India of resources
Taxes used to pay for army and generous salaries for administrators
Increase in chronic poverty

11. British Railways in India
Left: the Darjeeling Express Above: Queen Victoria station

12. Famine in India 1877

13. French Empire
Light Blue: 1st French colonial empire; Dark Blue: 2nd French colonial empire

14. French in Vietnam
1600s Jesuit priests arrive in Vietnam; French trade with Vietnam follows
French help Gia Long unite Vietnam
Minh Mang replaces Gia Long and begins to persecute Christians
Persecutions plus pressures in Europe provided justification for French conquest
By 1890s France controlled Vietnam (later would add Cambodia and Laos)

15. Vietnamese Resistance
Guerrilla warfare – “Save the King Movement”
Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDD)
Fail to create mass movement
Replaced by Communist Party of Vietnam (Viet Minh)
Dominated by Ho Chi Minh

16. Bastille Day in Vietnam

17. Imperialism in Africa
Left: Africa in 1878
Right: Africa in 1914

18. Berlin Conference ( )

19. British Imperialism in South Africa
st Dutch settlement at Cape Town
1815 British annex Cape Town
1830 Boers begin Great Trek
1867 Diamonds discovered in Orange Free State
1885 Gold discovered in Transvaal
Boer Wars

20. Images of Britain in Africa

21. British in Imperialism in Egypt
1798 Invasion of Egypt by Napoleon
1805 Muhammad Ali and his successors modernize Egypt
Borrow heavily from England and France
Build Suez Canal
1882 Nationalist uprisings threaten Egyptian government
Egypt becomes a protectorate of Great Britain

22. Suez Canal

23. Egyptian Responses Reforms Nationalism Islamic Fundamentalism
Muhammad Ali
Nationalism
Arabs see British control of Egypt as double colonization
Dinshawi incident (1906)
Islamic Fundamentalism
Mahdi

24. Legacy of the Mahdi
Mahdi army of Muqtada al-Sadr in Iraq

25. Ottoman Empire in the 19th c.
Called the “Sick Man of Europe”
Why? Just a few examples…
Power struggles between government, religious experts, Janissaries, and other elites
Ayan (landlords) skimmed tax revenue
Import of European manufactures caused a decline in the artisan class
Empire became economically dependent on Europe
External threats from Egypt, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Balkan nationalism
Greece gained its independence in 1830

26. Ottoman Territorial Losses

27. Ottoman Reforms
Early reforms of Selim III ( ) resisted by Janissaries
Janissaries slaughtered by Mahmud II in 1826
Tanzimat Reforms
Modernize military and bureaucracy
University education focusing on math & science
Western technology (telegraphs, railroads, etc.)
Constitution of 1876
Few changes for lower class & women
Selim III killed by Janissaries in 1807

28. Resistance to Reforms & Revolt
Religious conservatives
Ulama
Individual sultans
Abdul Hamid ( )
Overthrown in 1908
Ottoman Society for Union Progress
“Young Turks”—Nationalism
Establish a parliamentary system
Led Ottoman Empire into WWI

29. The Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) Founded by a Manchu warlord
Traditional Chinese dynasty
Qing Golden Age
Kangxi ( )
Yongzheng ( )
Qianlong ( )
Dynasty in declines after the death of Qianlong
White Lotus Rebellion ( )

30. China: Decline of a Civilization
Internal Breakdown
Opium War
Taiping Rebellion
Self-Strengthening Movement
Failure of Force
Sino-Japanese War
Boxer Rebellion
Chinese Revolution of 1912

31. The 1st Opium War ( )

32. The 1st Opium War ( )

33. The 1st Opium War ( )
Lin Zexu destroying opium. In the summer of 1939, Lin Zexu confiscated and destroyed 2.6 million pounds of opium. It took 500 laborers 22 days to destroy all of the opium.

34. The 1st Opium War ( )
Lin Zexu destroyed

35. Legacy of the Opium War “Unequal Treaties”
Opens 5 ports to trade with Britain
British gain control of Hong Kong
British gain extraterritoriality
Does NOT address sale of opium
Chinese hero, Lin Zexu

36. Causes of the Taiping Rebellion
Anti-Manchu sentiment
Strongest among southern laborers who were mostly Han Chinese
Caused by a myriad of problems
Natural disasters, economic collapse, government corruption and the defeat in the Opium War
Leadership of Hong Xiuquan
Brother of Jesus?
Statue of Taiping leader Hong Xiuquan

37. Taiping Rebellion ( )
Hong Xiuquan’s army was able to seize 44 Chinese cities including the Southern capital of Nanjing (picture above).

38. Aftermath of the Taiping Rebellion
Self-Strengthening Movement
Modernize the army
Improve infrastructure
Relied on foreign investment
Resisted by Neo-Confucian scholars and Dowager Empress Cixi ( )
Sino-Japanese War ( )
Dowager Empress Cixi, “the Dragon Lady”

39. Sino-Japanese War

40. Western Spheres of Influence

41. Boxer Rebellion (1900)

42. Fall of the Qing Dynasty
Death of Dowager Cixi
Sun Yat-sen’s 3 Principles of the People
Nationalism, Democracy, and People’s Welfare
Qing falls in 1912
End of the imperial system
Replaced by the Republic of China
Sun Yat-sen named 1st president
Sun Yat-sen

43. Decline of Tokugawa Shogunate
By early 19th century, Japanese society was in turmoil
Declining agricultural productivity
Harsh taxes on peasants
Periodic crop failures, famine, and starvation
Samurai and daimyo are in debt to merchants
Some Positives
Highest literacy rate outside of the West

44. Challenge of the West Arrival of Matthew Perry (1853) Unequal Treaties
Similar to the treaties signed by the Qing dynasty
Perry’s “Black Ships” steam into Tokyo Bay
Force the Japanese to establish trade and diplomatic relations with the U.S.
Japanese depiction of Admiral Matthew Perry

46. Internal Conflict Shogunate’s deals with West viewed as dishonorable
Popular slogan: “Revere the emperor, expel the barbarians”
Demands for reform include lowering rice prices & expulsion of foreign “barbarians”
Revolution?
Two minor wars between supporters of emperor and supporters of the shogun
January 3, 1868, the last shogun abdicated and the shogunate was destroyed

47. Modernization: Meiji Restoration
Abolish feudal order
Daimyo removed from power
Samurai class is abolished
Constitutional government
Constitution of 1889 establishes constitutional monarchy with legislature
Emperor commanded armed forces, named prime minister, and appoint the cabinet
Suffrage limited—only 5% could vote in 1890

48. New Meiji Government
Left: Structure of Meiji Governement; Above: Mutsuhito, the Meiji Emperor

49. Modernization: Meiji Restoration
Japanese industrialization
Modernize the military, transportation, communication, education, etc.
Creation of zaibatsu
Combination of state initiative and private investment
Consolidates economic power into the hands of a few powerful families
Many companies started by men of samurai origins

50. Japan’s Economic Growth

51. Social Developments No reforms to ease burdens on rural population
Massive population growth
Strained resources and kept labor costs low
Role of women
Maintain inferiority of women in the home
High-school education for women (1899)
Silk industry relied upon women working in factories

52. Japanese Imperialism Sino-Japanese War Russo-Japanese War
Japan gains influence over Korea & Manchuria
Russo-Japanese War
Japan’s navy leads to victory over Russia
Japan annexes Korea in 1910

53. Latin American Independence
Factors
Creole leadership
Simon Bolivar
The Enlightenment
Napoleon’s conquest of Spain
Mask of Ferdinand
Native unrest
Father Miguel de Hidalgo
Distance

54. Problems After Independence
Political rivalries
Centralists vs. federalists
Liberals vs. conservatives
Caudillos
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Victorious at the Alamo!
Juan Manuel de Rosas (Argentina)
Role of the Catholic church
Creoles vs. natives
Western interference
Santa Anna

55. Economic Problems Monroe Doctrine (1823) Economic Imperialism?
Britain replaced Spain as the dominant economic force in Latin America
Economy continued to depend upon exports
Britain dominated until 1860
Modernization theory vs. Dependency theory

57. U.S. Intervention in Latin America
Mexican-American War ( )
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Spanish-American War
U.S. gains Puerto Rico, the Philippines, Guam
“Independence” for Cuba
Roosevelt Corollary (1904)
Panama Canal
Completed August 1914

58. U.S. Imperialism

59. U.S. Imperialism

60. “Big Stick” foreign policy

61. Mexico (1821-1876) 1821-1850’s marked by political instability
Defeat in Mexican-American war began a nationalist movement
Benito Juarez ( )
La Reforma
Attempted massive land reform
Reforms challenged the Catholic church
Benito Juarez

62. Porfirio Diaz (1876-1910) Industrialized Mexico
Built railroads
Improved banking system
Focused on oil & mining
Depended on foreign investment
Increasingly autocratic
Oppressed political opposition
Arrested Francisco Madero in 1910
Porfirio Diaz

63. Argentina After independence dominated by caudillos
Politically stabilized after 1862
Economic growth based on exports
Primary export is beef
Industrialization dependent on foreign capital
Large numbers of immigrants from Europe
3.5 million from Italy, Germany, Russia, etc.
Golondrinas

64. Latin American Society
Few changes for women in Latin America
Remained under the control of their fathers and husbands
Machismo
Lower class had more economic freedoms
Gained more access to education
Racial castes were formally abolished
Racial and ethnic tensions continued
Few major/ethnic reforms