1. MANGROVE PROJECT code: FP6 - 003697 Full name: Mangrove ecosystems, communities& conflicts: developing knowledge based approaches to reconcile multiple demands

2. Participant list: 1. University of Essex, United Kingdom (UOE) 2. Wageningen University, Netherlands (WUR) 3. Stockholm Environment Institute, Sweden (SEI) 4. Mulawarman University, Indonesia (MU) 5. Kasetsart University, Thailand (KU) 6. Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU) 7. Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA) 8. Sub-contracts

3. Supporting service  Habitats/nutrie nt cycle  Soil formation  Primary production Provisioning service  Fuelwood  Foodstuff  Genetic source  Medicinal plants Regulating service - Climate regulation - Erosion control - Protection of coastal zones from storms and winds - Regulation of water cycle - Treatment of wastes and water cleaning Cultural service Education  Eco-tourism  Landscape Safety -Reduced ecological -Fresh environment Supply of materials for local life Health  Prevention  Safe water  Nutrients  Energy  Observation, study, research and tourism  Aesthetic value Ecosystem services Elements related to life

4. Aquatic collecting on mud flats in front of the mangroves Fish catching with the use of bamboo boat and net Clams transported by rafts Baby/seed crabs Collection of along the mangroves Collecting seed crabs and other marine species on mud flats in front of the mangroves Mangrove forests and life of the poor in coastal areas

5. Mangrove forests of significance to seadyke protection during big storms 650m of national dyke in Thai Do Commune being eroded after the storm No 7 due to absence of protective mangroves. In early 2006, the government funded 2 billion VND for repair of the eroded dyke section 5km of soil dyke in Thai Do Commune with mangroves safely prevented from waves during storm No. 7 (taken on 10/10/2005) Storm No 2 hitting the coastal zone in Hai Phong on 31/7/2005 and breaking the seadyke in Cat Hai During storm No 2, thanks to the mangroves planted since 1997, the seadyke in Bang La was not broken

6. - Area of planted mangroves: >1500ha - 50 of bird species, most of which are water, migratory birds

7. Project activities Evaluating present state of ecosystems, local life and mangrove management Awareness raising among local communities about mangrove conservation and rational exploitation of resources Establishing a club “Mangrove Conservation Club for the Green of the Sea” Daily record of activities related to aquatic resources

8. Activities Developing action plans for conservation and improvement of local life Developing criteria and indicators on well- beings of local people Analyzing issues related to management, protection and development of mangrove forests

9. Project beneficiaries Leaders at different levels: get a better understanding of livelihood of the poor as well as suggested solutions to appropriate policies. Public associations: contribute to formulating policies for their organizations. Local households: have a say proposing their need during the formulation and implementation of suitable policies. Aquatic production households: get a better understanding of the need of other people and enjoy the sympathetic sharing.

10. Project beneficiaries Conservation agencies, national parks, nature reserves: receive consensus among different stakeholders, and sharing of workload and responsibilities. Women: the role of women is ensured during decision making All people involved: have a chance to meet, share and, exchange information and experience for mutual understanding to develop suitable policies meeting the needs of community members.

11. Some study results

12. Mangrove forests in Tien Hai: CONSERVATION AND LIVELIHOODS

15. People’s Committee of Thai Binh Province Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Thai Binh Province Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Thai Binh Province Red Cross Association of Thai Binh Province Management Board for Tien Hai Wetland Nature Reserve, Thai Binh Red Cross Association of Tien Hai District Management Board for Inter-provincial Red River Delta Biosphere Reserve (of Thai Binh, Nam Dinh and Ninh Binh Agencies, organizations at provincial and district levels

16. Commune People’s Committees Commune Red Cross Mass organizations/associations Clubs Local community Agencies, organizations at a commune level

17. Other organizations Association for Protection of Nature and Environment of Viet Nam Centre for Marine Conservation and Community Development (MCD) Centre for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies (CRES) Mangrove Ecosystem Research Division (MERD) BIRDLIFE

18. Clients Clients that benefit from mangrove protection/conservation Clients that are victims of mangrove conservation/protection

19. Clients Group of natural aquatic collectors Group of aquaculture Group of local people living inside the dyke

20. Community Administration/government Social organizations Projects Organizations involved in scientific research, and support for conservation and community development Actors

21. Organization/group Group 1:Mangrove planting and protection group Group 2:Group of manual natural aquatic collectors Group 3:Group of aquatic exploiters using tools (nets, “dang”(gill net), push net…) Group 4:Aquaculture group (shrimp, clam farming ) Group 5:Cattle tenders Group 6:Administration/government and social organizations

22. Assessment of cooperation – conflict of stakeholders 1. Mangrove planting and protection group 2. Manual aquatic collectors 3. Aquatic exploiters with tools 4. Aquacultur e group 5. Cattle tenders 6. Administrat ion and social organizatio ns 1. Mangrove planting and protection group A13.82.13.42.19.3 2. Manual aquatic collectors 7.1A23.33.52.13.8 3. Aquatic exploiters with tools 7.93.8A33.12.92.4 4. Aquaculture group 5.83.84.5A41.64.4 5. Cattle tenders 7.12.93.15.1A53.6 6. Administration and social organizations 0.15.16.44.35.2A6 Conflict Cooperation

23. No Organizations EconomicTechnicalSpiritual (score)(ranking)(score)(ranking)(score)(ranking) 1 Farmer Association 9.8 1 9.4 2 6.911 2 Women Association 9.6 3 9.1 3 8.17 3 Youth Union 8.378.759.21 4 War Veteran Association 7.897.1128.93 5 Red Cross Association 6.8126.3138.75 6 Conservation Association 8.187.61188 7 Association for Study Extension, Community Education, Schools 6.613879.22 8 Elder Association 5.4144.8148.84 9 VAC Association (gardening, fish pond, pig raising) 9.15 4710 Bee Keeping Association 8.667.986.413 11 Health Clinic 6.9118.668.56 12 Clam Farming Association 9.547.7105.814 13 Cooperative for Agriculture, Utility (Electricity, Water) 9.82 1 7.49 14 Mangrove Planting and Protection Group 7.7107.996.812 Role of stakeholders related to local communities

24. Input GroupGood activitiesBad activities Mangrove planting and protection group - Planting, protection -Propaganda - Give advice to Commune’s People’s Committee None Manual aquatic collector group - Help collect barnacles - Inform forest guards of bad actions - Warn forest destroyers of their bad actions -Step on newly planted seedlings - Fell trees for fuelwood Aquatic exploiter group with tools None- Destroy young seedlings - Degrade the environment - Cut down old mangroves - Control the dispersal of propagules Aquaculture groupMangrove planting for protection of pond embankment -Destroy mangroves (to enclose ponds, thus causing waterlogging and leading to seedling/tree death) - Use of chemicals affecting water and natural environment Cattle tender group- Provide information on violation cases, help protect mangroves - Provide fertilizers - Destroy young forest - Eat leaves, bring down big trees Administration and social organizations -Direct the planting and protection - Raise awareness, deal with violation cases - Development investment - Make irrational decisions on exploitation, leading to forest loss

25. Output Better protection of mangrove forests Awareness of local communities raised Resources of the mud flats ratinally/irrationally used Pollution reduced to the maximum/increased

26. Thank you very much for your attention!