1. Human Body Systems

2. Integumenary system
Function: the function of the integumentary system is to cover and protect the insides of the body from diseases, temperature changes, and the environment
Location: the outer surface of the body

3. Major parts Skin: covers the body Hair: conserves body heat
Contains nerves, glands, hairs and blood vessels
Layers- epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
Hair: conserves body heat
Nails: protect the tips of fingers and toes
Melanin: pigment to protect against UV rays
Found in the epidermis
Sweat glands: helps cool you down
Oil glands: Keeps skin from cracking
Skin damage can cause severe infections to uncovered tissues!!

4. Integumentary system

5. Give and take Skin gives … Skin takes… CO2 into blood
Waste products into blood
Signals from the environment to the nervous system
Skin takes…
O2 out of blood
Proteins and sugars out of blood

6. Skeletal system
Function: provides shape and form for our bodies, protects internal organs, produces blood, stores minerals
Location: Limbs, head, trunk
Major parts:
Bones -Ligaments
Tendons -Joints
Marrow

7. Skeletal system

8. Ball and Socket
Gliding
Joints
Hinge
Pivot

9. Give and take Bones give… Bones take… New blood cells to the blood
Support to muscles
Bones take…
O2, sugar, proteins and other nutrients out of the blood (use them to make more cells)
Human bone strength video

10. Muscular system Function:
Movement of bones
Movement of blood
Movement of food
Locations: surrounding bones, the heart, the digestive tract

11. Major parts: Smooth muscle: around the digestive organs
Cardiac muscle: the heart
Skeletal muscle: attached to bones; move the body

12. Muscular system

13. Give and take Muscles give… Muscles take… CO2 back to blood
O2 out of blood
Sugar and protein out of blood
Muscles video

14. Digestive/excretory system
Function: break down food into small parts so the body can absorb nutrients and sugar to create and nourish cells

15. Major parts: (from top to “bottom”!)
Mouth: starts to break down food (chewing and saliva)
Esophagus: tube from mouth to stomach
Stomach: more breakdown with enzymes
Small intestines: more breakdown of the food and where most of the food is absorbed

16. Large intestines: where solid waste products are formed
Large intestines: where solid waste products are formed. Also, water is absorbed back into the body here.
Anus: the exit
Accessory Glands: parts that don’t directly touch food but help with digestion
Liver: makes bile (a chemical mixture that breaks down fats)
Pancreas: secretes enzymes into the small intestines
Gal bladder: stores bile
Salivary glands: make and secrete saliva

17. Digestive/ excretory system
Digestion video 1
Digestion video 2

18. Endocrine system
Function: secrete (produce) hormones that control and coordinate activities in the body
Location: glands are in head, neck, gonads, pancreas. Hormones travel through the blood

19. Endocrine system
Endocrine system video
ABC news video

20. Major parts:
Hormones: chemical signals that tell different parts of your body what to do
Gland: an organ that makes hormones
Pituitary
Hypothalamus
Thyroid gland: controls metabolism, growth and develpoment
Ovaries/testes
Secretion: the process of sending the hormone from the gland into the blood stream
Target Tissue: the cells of the body that will change what they are doing in response to the hormone.

21. Nervous system
Function: receive signals from the environment, interpret signals, and send response instructions to glands or muscles
Location: throughout body, especially the head and spine

22. Major parts: CNS (central nervous system): the processing center
Brain
Spinal cord
PNS (peripheral nervous system): nerves connected to organs, glands, and muscles that send and receive signals
5 senses: (taste, touch, smell, hearing, sight)
Receive signals from the environment

23. Nerve/Neuron: a cell that sends and receives electrical signals
Impulse- a signal sent by a nerve
Sensory nerves receive signals from the environment
Motor nerves send signals to muscles and glands
Reflex arc: the path that an impulse travels
Usually from a sensory signal to the CNS and then to a motor neuron
Stimulus/response: the environment and the body interactions

24. Nervous system
Nervous system video
Schoolhouse rock video

26. Neuron

27. Respiratory system
Function: supply oxygen to the body and to remove carbon dioxide from the body
oxygen is used in cellular respiration when it is combined with sugar to make energy for cells

28. Major parts: Nasal cavity: air goes in
Trachea (“wind pipe”): tube from nose/mouth to lungs
Bronchus: branches off the trachea to each lung
Bronchiole: smaller branches off each brochus

29. Lungs: where gas exchange occurs with blood vessels
Alveoli: tiny air sacs that are covered in tiny blood vessels
Simple diffusion moves oxygen from the alveoli to the capillaries and carbon dioxide from the capillaries to the alveoli
Diaphragm: the muscle that pulls air into the lungs and pushes air out
The diaphragm flattens and goes lower when you inhale
The diaphragm expands and goes higher when you exhale

30. Respiratory system Respiratory video Smoking video clip
The Doctors clip

31. Circulatory system
Function: transports materials including oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, nitrogen-based wastes, and hormones

32. Major parts:
Heart: the muscle that pumps blood to the lungs or to the rest of the body
The right side pumps blood to the lungs to get oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
The blood then returns to the heart where the left side pumps it to the rest of the body
Blood (RBC’s, WBC’s, Platelets, Plasma)
Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, food and wastes to various parts of the body
Blood video

33. Arteries: blood vessels that move blood away from the heart
Most contain large amounts of oxygen
Veins: blood vessels that move blood towards the heart
Most contain large amounts of carbon dioxide
Capillaries: the tiny blood vessels between arteries and veins where gas exchange occurs
video

34. Circulatory system

35. Urinary system Function: removes wastes from blood Major parts:
Kidneys: filter nitrogen-based wastes out of the blood
Ureters: send liquid wastes from the kidneys to the bladder
Urinary bladder: the holding tank for urine
Urethra: the tube that sends urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

36. Urinary system
Kidney stones

37. Reproductive system Function: reproduction (duh) Major parts:
Male Female
Testes • Ovaries
Penis • Vagina
Vas deferens • Uterus
Sperm • Eggs

38. Reproductive system- male

39. Reproductive system- female

40. Immune/Lymphatic
Functions: to protect body from infections and illnesses. (multiple systems working together)

41. Immunity Skin – barrier against foreign diseases
Secretions – (mucus, oil, sweat, tears, saliva) – mucus traps bacteria, all others contain enzymes to break down bacteria
Inflammation – when blood vessels to dilate and extra fluids help destroy bacteria or viruses
White blood cells – destroy bacteria by eating them

43. Acquired immunity
Definition- defending against specific pathogens by gradually building up a resistance to them
Lymphatic system –
Lymph- tissue fluid that bathes body cells
Lymph nodes- clumps of tissue that filter pathogens out of the lymph
Important organs – tonsils, spleen, thymus gland

45. Antibody immunity
Antigens – foreign substances that stimulate an immune response
Antibodies – proteins in the blood plasma produced in response to antigens that will react with and disable the foreign organisms
T cells and B cells – white blood cells that produce antibodies

47. Passive and active immunity
Two ways of acquiring immunity
Passive immunity – antibodies are transferred from mother to child through placenta and milk
Active immunity – when a person gets an infection and recovers, the person will usually be immune if exposed again
Vaccines artificially induce an infection