1. Depth of Field

2. The area between the nearest and farthest points from the camera that are acceptably sharp in the focused image.

3. A typical example of a photo with a large depth of field control (From near to far in sharp focus) An example of a photo with a very small depth of field. Only a few limited words are in sharp focus.

4. 3 Factors to Depth of Field Aperture (F-Stop) Lens Focal Length Subject Distance

5. Aperture (F-Stop) The smaller the aperture, the larger the depth of field (the other two factors remaining the same). For example, if the lens focal length and the shooting distance stay the same, the depth of field is much larger at f/32 (left) than at f/5.6 (right).

6. Depth of Field at F-2 Below you can see the layout of the camera and the objects. The grey area is the space the camera can focus on at F-2.

7. Depth of Field at F-4 Notice how the area that the camera can focus on increases as your F-Stop number goes up.

8. Depth of Field at F-11 With this set-up and camera angle, the camera can completely focus on all 3 objects by F-11.

9. Lens Focal Length (Zooming) The longer the lens focal length, the smaller the Depth of Field. The shorter the focal length, the larger the Depth of Field (the other two factors remaining the same). Thus, the more you zoom, the less is in focus. The less you zoom, the more you get in focus.

10. Subject Distance The bigger distance between the camera and person/object, the larger the Depth of Field. Conversely, the shorter the distance between the camera and person/object, the smaller the Depth of Field. Here we are actually MOVING the camera, not zooming.

11. Subject Distance at 5 feet Again, notice at the bottom, the layout of the camera and objects. You can see how much the camera can focus on when really close to the object.

12. Subject Distance at 10 feet

13. Subject Distance at 15 feet

14. Achieving a Large Depth of Field One can achieve a large depth of field by using a large camera-to- object distance, a short focal length and/or a small iris opening (high f stop number)

15. Achieving a Small Depth of Field One can achieve a shallow depth of field by using a short camera-to- object distance, a long focal length and/or a large iris opening (low f- stop number)

16. Assignment The Purpose of this assignment is to see how your aperture setting and distance determines the "depth of field" in your images. Shoot a subject that is still, not something in motion. Focus on your middle subject for all exposures. Take each of your exposures from the same spot. If you have a tripod, use it.

17. For your first set of pictures: Stand back a foot or two from your object. Then take your pictures with the following apertures: 1.the lowest you can go (could be F-4, F-5.6, etc) 2.F-7.1 3.F-9 4.F-11 5.F-16 (Change your shutter speed accordingly).

18. For the second set of pictures Keep your f-stop, shutter speed, and zoom the same. Change your camera distance for this set of photos. 1.The first one should way overfill the frame 2.The second one should completely fill the frame 3.Then take 1 step back 4.Then another step back 5.Finally another step back.

19. Remember: Each time you change your f- stop (aperture) you must change your shutter speed accordingly – for every increase in one number, should be a decrease in the other number (Law of Reciprocity). Turn In: You must turn in 10 photos. When labeling your photos, label them by the distance for the 2 nd set of photos and label them by the Shutter Speed and F-Stop for the first set of pictures.

20. F-Stop: 5.6 and SS: 60 Compare this photo to the F-Stop: 16 photo and notice the difference in focus! These three objects are spaced apart by 1 foot, but should overlap some when viewing them straight on (similar to the Elmer’s Glue and Rubber Cement in this camera shot).

21. F-Stop: 7.1 and SS: 50

22. F-Stop: 9 and SS: 25

23. F-Stop: 11 and SS: 18 Remember with a Shutter Speed (SS) lower than 1/40-50, you want to use a tripod or something to stabilize your camera. Otherwise you run the risk of a blurry photo because the simple act of taking the picture will bump the camera and blur the photo.

24. F-Stop: 16 and SS: 15 Notice that all 5 of these photos are from the EXACT same spot. Do not move or zoom with your camera.

25. Overfill the Frame You can use the same three objects for this 2 nd part of the assignment, or you can choose 3 new objects to use. Space them about 1 foot apart in distance, but narrow enough together to work in the photo (similar to above).

26. Fill the Frame Remember that with this 2 nd part of the assignment, your Shutter Speed, F- Stop, and Zoom all stay the same. The only thing you will change is simply stepping back or forward.

27. 1 Step Back

28. 2 Steps Back

29. 3 Steps Back Hopefully you can easily see how the farther away from something you are, the more objects are in focus.