1. List and define the 5 themes of geography

2. Place- describe what makes a location different from another location; I have different kinds of features such as: water landforms, climate, soil, vegetation, airports, highways, buildings, bridges, and parks. Location - describe where something is found Human Environment Interaction -describe how people impact our earth and environment and how people adapt to live in their surroundings Region- Describes areas that have common features Movement- describe how people and things are transported from one place to another

3. List the three different map types

4. 1.Physical maps 2. Political maps 3. Thematic maps

5. Which maps show the natural features of the Earth?

6. Physical Map

7. Which maps can represent a variety of information including things like climate, precipitation, vegetation, elevation, population, life expectancy, etc?

8. Thematic Map

9. Which maps show how humans have impacted the landscape? For example, city names, roads, country borders, etc. are all part of political maps

10. Political Map

11. Which part tells what the map is about? This is the first part of the map you should look at.

12. Title

13. This tells the cardinal directions, which are north, south, east, and west.

14. Compass Rose

15. This explains what the symbols on a map represent, such as triangles representing trees.

16. Key or Legend

17. This part of the map is made parallels and meridians

18. Grid

19. These lines run across the globe horizontally

20. Latitude

21. These lines run up and down, vertically on the globe

22. longitude

23. This line cuts the northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere in half

24. equator

25. This line cuts the eastern and western hemisphere in half

26. Prime Meridian

27. What are the 8 key features of a civilization

28. 1.Cities 2. Central Governments 3. Complex Religion Stable 4. Food Supplies 5. Job Specialization 6. Social Classes 7. Arts & Architecture 8. Writing

29. Which key feature is described below: Usually originated with priests Initially used to create calendars and keep records of offerings to the gods Government will use writing to keep track of public records – taxes, treaties, “official” documents

30. Writing

31. Which key feature is described below: People were ranked in society based on the importance of their job Priests and warriors were typically considered the most important

32. Social Classes

33. Which key feature is described below: This was created in order to express beliefs and to honor important figures and deities Most major construction were building for religious purposes – temples, tombs – to honor their gods

34. Arts & Architecture

35. Which key feature is described below: A society needs to have enough of this so it can survive, plus some extra to trade. Trading this for goods leads to job specialization

36. Stable Food Supplies

37. Which key feature is described below: When there is a surplus of food people no longer have to hunt and gather all day. They started to focus on the task or craft they were best at Artisans develop techniques and technologies to make their task easier and more efficient

38. Job Specialization

39. Which key feature is described below: Gods controlled forces of Indus Valley Prayer Statuettes nature Priests were needed to convey the will of the gods It was everyone’s responsibility to make sure the gods were happy

40. Complex Religion

41. Which key feature is described below: Needed to oversee irrigation projects and other public works Ensure steady supply of food Create and uphold laws Defend citizens Collect taxes

42. Central Governments

43. Which key feature is described below: Center of trade Centers of cultural diffusion

44. Cities

45. Which continent was Mesopotamia located on?

46. Asia

47. Which continent is Egypt located on?

48. Africa

49. Which continent is India located on?

50. Asia

51. Which continent is Peru located on?

52. South America

53. Which continent is the United States located on?

54. North America

55. Which continent is China located on?

56. Asia

57. Which continent is England, France, and Germany located on?

58. Europe

59. Name 3 comparisons of the Neolithic and Paleolithic Era’s

60. Both Both used stone tools as well as bones, sticks, shells, and other materials People in both periods had some form of religion. People included both meat and vegetables in their diet Used fire to cook and fire pottery

61. Name 3 contrasts of the Neolithic and Paleolithic Era’s

62. Paleolithic Lasted from around 2 million to around 12,000 years ago. People were hunters and gathers; spent lives seeking food. Constant struggle for survival; lives were short. People lived mostly in caves found following migrating animals. Cave paintings/drawings believed to have been part of religious rituals about the hunt. Tombs with bones, food, tools, and weapons indicate belief in life after death People lived in small groups, led by tribal elder or strongest hunter. Women were mainly gatherers and were knowledgeable about plants and herbs Developed many new skills including the use and making of fire. Neolithic Lasted from about 10,000 until about 4,000 B.C. People farmed, settled in villages, and built permanent homes. No longer need to search for food, so people developed new job skills. Division of labor meant different people did different jobs that contributed to the needs of the community. System of weights and measurements established “payment” of goods and services Strong leaders gained power and made laws to protect people Kings and gods were worshipped; temples were built for formal religious ceremonies People worshiped many gods Villages grew into cities Cities traded goods with other cities

63. Why was Mesopotamia one of the earliest areas of settlement in world history?

64. Because the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers was fertile for farming

65. What current day country is Mesopotamia located in?

66. IRAQ

67. What were 4 empires of Ancient Mesopotamia?

68. Sumerian Akkadian Babylonian Assyrian

69. Mesopotamia was located between which two rivers?

70. Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

71. How did the city-states of Mesopotamia use written language in the organization of their societies?

72. Writing allowed people to keep records of their transactions People could send messages with couriers to far away lands without traveling Writing allowed people to pass on their accumulated knowledge to future generations

73. How do the laws of Hammurabi compare to our laws today?

74. Both Hammurabi's Code and our laws today prescribed specific punishments for citizens who brake the law.

75. What are the major geographic features of ancient Egypt?

76. Egypt boarders both the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea making it easy for Trade. There are desserts to the East and West, making it difficult for others to conquer Egypt. And the Niles river flows through Egypt, which creates a good environment for farming.

77. What were the religious beliefs and practices of the ancient Egyptians?

78. The Egyptians believed in many gods who controlled different things They built temples and shrines to honor their gods. The Egyptians believed in an “afterlife.”

79. What was the Egyptian writing system called?

80. Egyptians developed a form of picture or symbol writing known as hieroglyphics.

81. Name four contributions of Ancient Egypt.

82. Language: Hieroglyphics Architecture: Pyramids Inventions: 365 day calendar, papyrus (paper), irrigation system, mathematics, medicine, weapons, chariots Art: statues, paintings, jewelry

83. Name and describe the 4 types of government

84. Monarchy (rule of a king) Oligarchy (rule of the few) Tyranny (rule by one who ruled without legal authority) Democracy (rule of the people)

85. How did the geography of Greece isolate developing city-states

86. Numerous MOUNTAIN RANGES, which crisscross the peninsula, made it hard for cities to communicate and led to the development of independent city- states.

87. Who was a citizen in Athens and what were their rights and responsibilities?

88. Only adult males born in Athens were citizens. They were part of the assembly and had the responsibility to vote.

89. Where was the birth place of democracy?

90. Athens

91. What are 4 cultural achievements of Ancient Greece?

92. Greek Literature & Drama Greek Architecture Greek Mathematics Greek Philosophy Greek Astronomy & Geography Greek Engineering Greek Art Greek Sculpture Greek Medicine

93. Discuss two ways in which the Roman Empire adapted to its geography?

94. Rome adapted to it’s geography buy building Roads. The second way is through the use of waterways buy building deep harbors and ships for trade.

95. Name three achievements of the Ancient Romans that have influenced American culture today.

96. Latin Languages Roman Calendar Roman Law Roman Architecture Aqueducts, hot water systems Roman Roads Spread of Christianity

97. Explain the political, social, economic, and military factors that contributed to the fall of Rome.

99. How did Confucianism and Daoism create order in ancient China?

100. Confucius taught that society worked well when all people behaved well. Values such as respect for elders, proper behavior and love of education became woven into Chinese culture. Daoism taught that people gained happiness and peace by living in harmony with nature. This encouraged rulers to govern less harshly

101. What were the main ideas of Confucianism?

103. What was the Silk Road and how did it affect Chinese society and the world?

104. The Silk Road was a network of routes stretching more than 4,000 miles across Asia’s deserts and mountain ranges, through the Middle East and stopping at the Mediterranean Sea. China grew rich from trading silk with other lands.

105. What were some of the accomplishments of Ancient China?

106. Paper Printing The Compass Gunpowder Kites Silk Road

107. How did the geography of the Indian subcontinent isolate India from the rest of the world?

108. India is largely separated from Asia by the Himalayan Mountains in the north and the Hindu Kush Mountains in the west. West of the Himalayas is a vast desert.

109. What are the main beliefs and practices of the Hindu religion?

110. -Believe in many gods -Gains Moksha and become on with everything in universe -Believe in existence of the Soul - believed in rebirth/ reincarnation -looked to achieve enlightenment

111. What was the social structure set up by the Caste system?

112. There were 4 social castes Brahmins – Priests, Teachers, Judges; usually don’t own land therefore need other castes to work the land and provide for them Kshatriyas – Warriors and Rulers (landowners) Vaisyas – Skilled Traders, Merchants, Farmers Sudras – Unskilled Workers—Laborers and Craft workers Below these four castes are people who belong to no caste Untouchables – Outcastes, Children of God

113. What are the main teachings of Buddhism?

114. -No belief in gods -Gains Nirvana by detaching from everything until nothing remains -Buddha is the founder -Does not believe in existence of the Soul - believed in rebirth/ reincarnation -looked to achieve enlightenment

115. Compare and Contrast Hinduism and Buddhism.

116. Hinduism -Belief in gods -Gains Moksha and become on with everything in universe -No founder -Believe in existence of the Soul Both -Started in India -believed in rebirth/ reincarnation -looked to achieve enlightenment Buddhism -No belief in gods -Gains Nirvana by detaching from everything until nothing remains -Buddha is the founder -Does not believe in existence of the Soul

117. What were the major achievements of the Gupta Empire?

118. Universities Literature Painting Sculpture Metalwork Mathematics

119. Describe the difference between the government of the Maya and the government of the Inca

120. The Maya were NOT AN EMPIRE and NOT UNITED politically… Inca government was well organized and the Sapa Inca(Emperor) was the absolute ruler

121. Where were the Mayan’s, Aztec, and Inca located?

122. Aztecs were located in central Mexico, their capital is modern day Mexico city Mayans were located in Yucatan Peninsula- Mexico and Guatemala Inca were located in Peru in the Andes Mountain