1. Warm-Up Page 69 According to John Locke and Thomas Jefferson, what is the purpose of government? According to John Locke and Thomas Jefferson, what is the purpose of government?

2. Unit 4 The Articles of Confederation

3. Articles of Confederation Period Vocabulary

4. Ordinance = A Law

5. National/Federal Government

6. State Government

7. The Articles of Confederation The Articles were written in 1777 by John Dickinson, a Pennsylvania statesman The Articles were written in 1777 by John Dickinson, a Pennsylvania statesman The Articles were ratified by Congress in 1781 and is considered the first national constitution that governed America from 1781-1789 The Articles were ratified by Congress in 1781 and is considered the first national constitution that governed America from 1781-1789

9. The Articles of Confederation The fear of having too much power in one person’s hands reflects the experiences the colonies had under a monarchy The fear of having too much power in one person’s hands reflects the experiences the colonies had under a monarchy The Articles limit national government power The Articles limit national government power State government have far more power than national government State government have far more power than national government

10. Articles of Confederation created… A firm “league of friendship” where “each state retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence.” A firm “league of friendship” where “each state retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence.”

11. The Articles of Confederation Each state created its own Constitution and formed a Confederation with a weak central (national) government.

13. Discussion Question What do you think will be a problem that will arise due to the relationship between the states created by the Articles? What do you think will be a problem that will arise due to the relationship between the states created by the Articles?

14. Discussion Question Answer The Articles created a government where the states are more powerful than the federal government. This balance discrepancy led to the unsuccessful running of the United States during the Confederation Period 1781-1789 The Articles created a government where the states are more powerful than the federal government. This balance discrepancy led to the unsuccessful running of the United States during the Confederation Period 1781-1789

15. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Congress had no power to raise taxes Congress had no power to raise taxes Congress had no power to regulate foreign or state trade (each state could place a tax on trade between states leads to tariff wars) Congress had no power to regulate foreign or state trade (each state could place a tax on trade between states leads to tariff wars) Laws had to be approved by 9 out of 13 states Laws had to be approved by 9 out of 13 states Amendments to the Articles had to be unanimous Amendments to the Articles had to be unanimous Each state could issue its own paper money Congress printed too much money, led to inflation Congress printed too much money, led to inflation Congress had no power to enforce laws (states could ignore national laws, treaties, etc.) Congress had no power to enforce laws (states could ignore national laws, treaties, etc.) No president (executive) No president (executive) No national court system No national court system No national army or navy No national army or navy Each state had only 1 vote regardless of population Each state had only 1 vote regardless of population

18. 18 Why were the Articles of Confederation so weak? AoC writers disliked…So under the AoC… Taxation without representation The federal government could not tax A large central government that had absolute power States didn’t have to follow federal laws and treaties Having to follow British legislation States had their own laws and didn’t have to follow other states’ laws Lots of power was in the king’s hands No executive branch or national court system The king could change laws at any time Any amendment required all 13 states’ approval

20. Turn and Talk What is a tariff? What is a tariff?

21. Turn and Talk Answer Tax on Imported Goods Tax on Imported Goods

30. Strengths of the Articles of Confederation Declare War and Make Peace (The Treaty of Paris 1783 was signed) Declare War and Make Peace (The Treaty of Paris 1783 was signed) The Northwest Ordinance was passed and the Northwest territory was settled The Northwest Ordinance was passed and the Northwest territory was settled Coin and Borrow Money Coin and Borrow Money

32. Strengths of the Articles of Confederation: Settling Western Lands The Land Ordinance of 1785 stated that land in the west was to be surveyed using a grid system to establish 6 mile blocks (1 dollar an acre) The Land Ordinance of 1785 stated that land in the west was to be surveyed using a grid system to establish 6 mile blocks (1 dollar an acre) The Northwest Ordinance 1787 assisted in the orderly expansion of the United States, it outlined a plan for applying for statehood to western territories The Northwest Ordinance 1787 assisted in the orderly expansion of the United States, it outlined a plan for applying for statehood to western territories 5,000 free males who own 50 acres could become a territory 5,000 free males who own 50 acres could become a territory Population of 60,000 could become a state Population of 60,000 could become a state

33. Yeah I mapped out that township and that one…and that one … …And all this work was apart of the Land Ordinance to organize land?

34. Settling Western Lands The Northwest Ordinance provides an orderly settlement process in the West The Northwest Ordinance provides an orderly settlement process in the West The Ordinance provided The Ordinance provided Ban on slavery Ban on slavery Free public education Free public education Freedom of religion Freedom of religion Trial by jury Trial by jury Due process of law Due process of law

35. Northwest Territory The Northwest Territory was east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River. The states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota would be formed from this area.

36. Township

38. Articles of Confederation Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3KGG 9afW7XY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3KGG 9afW7XY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3KGG 9afW7XY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3KGG 9afW7XY

39. Reasons for Shays' Rebellion Farmers are required to pay debts, they have no money because they were not paid their service after the war Farmers are required to pay debts, they have no money because they were not paid their service after the war Farmers defaulted on their loans and were unable to pay their taxes, so the Massachusetts government repossessed their land and imprisoned them. Farmers defaulted on their loans and were unable to pay their taxes, so the Massachusetts government repossessed their land and imprisoned them.

40. Shays’ Rebellion 1786 Poor farmers were not represented in the Massachusetts legislature and could not pass debt relief laws Poor farmers were not represented in the Massachusetts legislature and could not pass debt relief laws The rebellion, led by Daniel Shays, freed indebted farmers from prisons and closed courts hearing foreclosure cases against farmers. The rebellion, led by Daniel Shays, freed indebted farmers from prisons and closed courts hearing foreclosure cases against farmers.

41. Discussion Question How are the farmers’ grievances against the government similar to the former colonists’ grievances against Britain? How are the farmers’ grievances against the government similar to the former colonists’ grievances against Britain?

42. Discussion Question Answer The farmers had no representation in the laws and taxes that were being passed by the Massachusetts legislature. This grievance of “no taxation without representation” is identical to the grievance of the colonists against Britain. The farmers had no representation in the laws and taxes that were being passed by the Massachusetts legislature. This grievance of “no taxation without representation” is identical to the grievance of the colonists against Britain.

43. Shays’ Rebellion Daniel Shays and about 1000 protesting farmers closed down courthouses, liberated debtors’ prisons, and marched on an arsenal in Springfield Daniel Shays and about 1000 protesting farmers closed down courthouses, liberated debtors’ prisons, and marched on an arsenal in Springfield The Massachusetts militia is formed and quickly put down the rebellion The Massachusetts militia is formed and quickly put down the rebellion

44. Consequences of Shays’ Rebellion Shays' Rebellion prompted national leaders to create a stronger central government that could protect and govern the population. Shays' Rebellion prompted national leaders to create a stronger central government that could protect and govern the population. Shays’ Rebellion ended the Confederation Period (1781-1789) and led to the writing of the U.S. Constitution in 1787. Shays’ Rebellion ended the Confederation Period (1781-1789) and led to the writing of the U.S. Constitution in 1787.

45. Shays’ Rebellion was the major motivation for U.S. government to revise the Articles of Confederation into a stronger and more efficient document that could successfully govern and protect the people. Shays’ Rebellion was the major motivation for U.S. government to revise the Articles of Confederation into a stronger and more efficient document that could successfully govern and protect the people.

46. Samuel Adams (Former patriot leader of the Sons of Liberty) “Rebellion against a king may be pardoned, or lightly punished, but the man who dares to rebel against the laws of a republic ought to suffer death”

47. Thomas Jefferson (Writer of the Declaration of Independence) "A little rebellion now and then is a good thing. It is a medicine necessary for the sound health of government. God forbid that we should ever be twenty years without such a rebellion."

48. Shays Rebellion Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBa TV_sKvM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBa TV_sKvM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBa TV_sKvM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCBa TV_sKvM

49. Shay’s Rebellion What happened to poor farmers who were in debt? A. They were forced to work to pay of their debt B. They were sent to debtors prison C. They were sent back to England

50. What right would farmers lose if they lost their farm and property? A. The right to worship as they pleased B. The right to vote C. The right to due process in court Shay’s Rebellion

51. Why were states raising taxes? A. To pay off war debt B. To take away rights from poor farmers C. To pay for a new war Shay’s Rebellion

52. How did Sam Adams feel about the protests? A. He joined the protestors B. He disagreed with the protests. C. He had no opinion about it. Shay’s Rebellion

53. Who gave Daniel Shay’s a sword he had to sell to pay off some debt? A. Samuel Adams B. George Washington C. Marquis De Lafayette Shay’s Rebellion

54. Why did Shays shut down the court? A. The court couldn’t send debtors to jail B. The farmers owed the judge money C. The farmers wanted to run the court

55. Shay’s Rebellion Do you agree with Samuel Adam’s take on the rebellion? He believed all rebels should be put to death. YESNO

56. Shay’s Rebellion Who did General Knox ask for help putting down the rebellion? A. George Washington B. Samuel Adams C. John Adams

57. Shay’s Rebellion Why couldn’t the Articles of Confederation get involved with Shay’s Rebellion? A. It didn’t have the power or resources B. It didn’t think it was their problem C. It was busy fighting a war with Spain.

59. 59 What was the Problem? Since the federal government could not tax, it was very difficult to raise money Since states didn’t have to follow laws and treaties, the federal government had no assurance that individual states would follow them Each state had its own laws, which made it difficult for the country to act in a united way. Congress couldn’t pay back debts from the revolution and couldn’t get states to work together to encourage commerce.

60. 60 What was the Problem? Since there was no executive branch, the government could not defend its borders. Since there was no executive branch and national court system, the government could not enforce its laws Any amendment required all 13 states’ approval, so the AoC was very difficult to modify