1. What difference to the sustainability of open access can (a donor like) DFID make? Matthew Harvey, UK Department for International Development (DFID) Contact: openaccess@dfid.gov.uk

2. What difference to the sustainability of open access can (a donor like) DFID make? 1.Background to DFID and our interest in research and evidence 2.DFID and OA so far, focusing on DFID’s OA policy 3.DFID and the sustainability of OA into the future

3. 1. DFID and research evidence Activities framed by the MDGs Work directly in 27 countries across Africa, Asia and the Middle East Results focused Increasingly evidence informed Want to use the best available evidence in our policies and programmes

4. DFID’s Research and Evidence Division (RED) £222m ($357m) in 2011-12 and rising spent on centrally commissioned research through RED Research is also commissioned through DFID country offices and policy departments

5. Allocation of RED research budget by theme (2009-2011)

6. RED’s mission Identify and generate the best evidence, knowledge, technology and ideas to improve the effectiveness of development Convey these to inform and influence policy, programmes and practice for poverty reduction Both those of DFID and everyone else (global public good) But for our activities to be properly evidence informed, we require access to the total evidence base We also find ourselves on the wrong side of the access barrier!

7. 2. DFID and open access so far … Some programmes address some facets of open access –PERii (Programme for the Enhancement of Research Information) run by INASP – e.g. Journals Online; repository development; inclusion and visibility of developing countries within the open access community; bandwidth management training –MK4D open access advocacy programme –e.g. case studies on Brazil, South Africa and India to be published soon; webinar: ‘Open Access: are Southern voices being stifled?’ DFID Research Open and Enhanced Access Policy

9. Launched in July 2012, effective from 1 November Open access: irrevocable and free online access by any user worldwide to full-text/full version scientific and scholarly material Enhanced access: steps taken to help users find, view and download materials

10. The primary objectives are to: increase the number of research outputs that are open access increase information to help locate research outputs increase the accessibility of outputs

11. Some key features: Access and accessibility ‘Outputs’: journal articles, reports, books and book chapters, datasets, multi-media, websites, software, … Access and Data Management Plan required for all projects Associated costs included in research budget Preference for gold over green OA Self-archive within 6 months Deposit datasets in an open access repository within 12 months of final data collection DFID institutional repository: R4D (www.dfid.gov.uk/R4D/)

12. 3. What next for DFID? Basic choices: 1.Service our own policy (e.g. develop it, work on compliance) 2.+ get involved in UK domestic and cross-government discussion 3.+/or get involved in international discussion 4.+/or develop a DFID OA strategy and associated activities that consider OA as an issue in its own right #4 is (perhaps) the obvious choice for maximum support to OA and OA sustainability

13. A DFID OA strategy and associated activities framed by sustainability? OA is sustainable when: the ideal of open access is met, and the new system endures, not slipping back to the (more closed) current or past situation, or collapsing entirely At what point in the entire system could and should DFID intervene to support OA sustainability?

14. Limiting conditions: OA not an end in itself Continued interest requires demonstrable/plausible impact on poverty reduction Budget (up to, say, a few million US$?) DFID staff (say, 25% of a person?) So, what to do?

15. Points of engagement in the system: GeographyUnit of analysisOpen/enhanced access of what LocalIndividualPublications NationalLocal institutionData RegionalNational institutionsKnowledge InternationalInternational institutionsOERs IT infrastructure

16. Points of engagement in the system: GeographyUnit of analysisOpen/enhanced access of what LocalIndividualPublications NationalLocal institutionData RegionalNational institutionsKnowledge InternationalInternational institutionsOERs IT infrastructure

17. Points of engagement in the system: GeographyUnit of analysisOpen/enhanced access of what LocalIndividualPublications NationalLocal institutionData RegionalNational institutionsKnowledge InternationalInternational institutionsOERs IT infrastructure

18. Points of engagement in the system: GeographyUnit of analysisOpen/enhanced access of what LocalIndividualPublications NationalLocal institutionData RegionalNational institutionsKnowledge InternationalInternational institutionsOERs IT infrastructure

19. Points of engagement in the system: GeographyUnit of analysisOpen/enhanced access of what LocalIndividualPublications NationalLocal institutionData RegionalNational institutionsKnowledge InternationalInternational institutionsOERs IT infrastructure

20. Points of engagement in the system: GeographyUnit of analysisOpen/enhanced access of what LocalIndividualPublications NationalLocal institutionData RegionalNational institutionsKnowledge InternationalInternational institutionsOERs IT infrastructure

21. Each combination lends itself to a different type of activity Capacity building Convening Bank-rolling (e.g journals, repositories, APCs) Seed-funding to users or providers to stimulate market Awareness raising Debating, discussing, lobbying Policy/regulation development Research (e.g. on impacts, best practice, business models, …) ICT infrastructure building …

22. What difference to the sustainability of open access can (a donor like) DFID make? So what to do? What criteria should be applied to all these options in order to prioritise them? How can we assess the actual or likely impact of all the options? Ideas gratefully received!