1. Drinking Alcohol Responsibly and Ending Tobacco Use

2. Alcohol and College Students
Approximately 59.8% of students report having consumed an alcoholic beverage in the past 30 days.
Of college students, 44% engage in binge drinking.
Binge drinking- a pattern of drinking alcohol that brings blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0.08.
Alcohol use among college students disrupts sleep, decreases alertness, and may affect academic performance.
The average college student spends about $900 on alcohol each year.
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3. High-Risk Drinking and College Students
Alcohol consumption is the number one cause of preventable death among undergraduate students.
Alcohol exacerbates risk for suicide, automobile crashes, and falls.
Customs and traditions encourage dangerous practices and patterns of alcohol use.
Advertising and promotions target college students.
College students are more likely to drink recklessly.
Students are vulnerable to peer influence.
Administrators often deny a problem exists.
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4. The Chemistry and Potency of Alcohol
Ethyl Alcohol or Ethanol
The intoxicating substance in all alcoholic beverages
Fermentation Process
Yeast organisms break down sugar.
Distillation
Alcohol vapors are released from the mash at high temperatures.
Proof
Measure of the percent alcohol
80 proof whiskey = 40% alcohol
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5. What Is a Standard Drink?
Standard Drink- is any drink that contains about 14 grams of pure alcohol.
The actual size of a standard drink depends on the proof.
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6. Absorption and Metabolism
About 20% of absorption occurs in the stomach.
About 80% of absorption occurs in the small intestine.
Factors that influence absorption
Concentration of the drink
Amount consumed
Food in the stomach
Mood
Weight and body mass
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7. Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
Ratio of alcohol to total blood volume
The legal limit for BAC is 0.08%.
Both breath analysis (breathalyzer tests) and urinalysis are used to determine whether an individual is legally intoxicated, but blood tests are more accurate.
Learned behavioral tolerance—though BAC may be quite high, the individual has learned to modify his behavior to appear sober.
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8. Alcohol and Your Health
Short Term Effects of Alcohol
Dehydration
Hangover
Alcohol and injuries
Alcohol and sexual decision making
Alcohol poisoning
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9. Alcohol and Your Health
Long Term Effects
Effects on Nervous System
Cardiovascular Effects
Liver Disease
Cancer

10. Effects of Alcohol on the Body and Health
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11. Drinking and Driving
Thirty-two percent of all traffic fatalities in 2008 were alcohol related.
Many college students drink and drive.
In 2009, there were 10,839 alcohol-impaired driving fatalities in the United States.
This represents one alcohol-related fatality every 45 minutes.
The likelihood of a driver being involved in a fatal crash rises significantly with a BAC of 0.05% and even more rapidly after 0.08%.
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12. Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Alcohol use becomes alcohol abuse when it interferes with work, school, or social and family relationships or when it entails law violations, including DUI.
Alcoholism or alcohol dependence occurs when alcohol use is so severe that stopping alcohol results in withdrawal symptoms.
Identifying an Alcoholic
Craving, loss of control, tolerance, psychological dependence, and withdrawal symptoms must be present to qualify a drinker as an addict.
About 15% of people in the United States are problem drinkers.
One study shows that 19% of college students meet the criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence.
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13. Alcohol and Prescription Drug Abuse
Young adults aged 18 to 24 are at most risk for concurrent or simultaneous abuse of both alcohol and drugs.
Alcohol and prescription drugs taken together can cause
Alcohol poisoning
Unconsciousness
Respiratory depression
Death
Opioids, stimulants, sedatives, and sleeping aids are most often combined with alcohol.
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14. Tobacco Use in the United States
Nearly 443,000 Americans die annually of tobacco-related diseases.
Another 10 million suffer tobacco-induced health disorders.
Tobacco causes about 25 diseases, and about half of all regular smokers die of smoking-related diseases.
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15. Tobacco and Its Effects
Nicotine
Highly addictive, psychoactive substance
CNS stimulant
Tar and Carbon Monoxide
Tar is the carcinogenic particulate matter.
Nicotine paralyzes cilia, which become unable to clear out tar.
Carbon monoxide is a deadly gas that reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells.
Tobacco Addiction
Nicotine poisoning
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16. Tobacco Products Cigarettes Cigars Smokeless tobacco
Switching to low-tar or low-nicotine is self-defeating because the smoker may smoke more.
Clove cigarettes contain 60% tobacco.
Cigars
Contain 23 poisons and 43 carcinogens.
Smokeless tobacco
Chewing tobacco
Snuff
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17. Health Hazards of Tobacco Products - Cancer
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death.
It can take years to develop and most cases are not diagnosed until the cancer has spread.
Five year survival rate is only 16%.
Smoking just one cigar a day can double the risk of oral cancers.
Chewing tobacco is responsible for 75% of new oral cancers.
Warning signs include lumps in the jaw or neck, color changes or lumps inside the lips, white smooth or scaly patches in the mouth or neck, lips or tongue; a red spot or sore on the lips, gums, or inside the mouth that does not heal in 2 weeks.
Other tobacco-induced cancers: pancreatic, kidney, bladder, lip, tongue, esophagus, and larynx
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18. Effects of Smoking on the Body and Health
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19. Health Hazards of Tobacco Products – Cardiovascular Disease
Smokers have a 70% higher death rate from heart disease than do non-smokers.
Daily cigar smoking doubles the risk of heart attack and stroke.
Bidi smokers are at the same risk.
Smokers are twice as likely to suffer strokes.
Quitting reduces risk by half after only 1 year.
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20. Other Health Hazards of Tobacco Products
Respiratory Disorders
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Sexual Dysfunction and Fertility Problems
Males are twice as likely to suffer impotence as are females.
Women are likely to suffer infertility and problems with pregnancy.
Other Health Effects
Gum disease, macular degeneration, premature skin wrinkling, and risk of Alzheimer's disease
Metabolism of drugs affected
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21. Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Mainstream—smoke drawn through tobacco while inhaling
Sidestream—smoke from the burning end of a cigarette or smoke exhaled by a smoker
Contains twice as much tar and nicotine, 5 times more carbon monoxide, and 50 times more ammonia than mainstream smoke.
Causes more deaths a year than any other environmental pollutant.
Every year, ETS is estimated to be responsible for 3,400 lung cancer deaths, 46,000 coronary and heart disease deaths, and 430 SIDs deaths in newborns.
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22. Proposed New Cigarette Product Warning Labels
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23. Breaking the Nicotine Addiction
Quitting Smoking
Breaking the Nicotine Addiction
Seventy percent attempt to quit a year
Only between 4 and 7% succeed
Nicotine Replacement Products
Nicotine chewing gum
Nicotine patch
Nicotine nasal spray
Nicotine inhaler
Nicotine lozenges
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25. When Smokers Quit
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26. Breaking the Smoking Habit
Quitting Smoking
Breaking the Smoking Habit
Operant conditioning
Self-control therapy
Benefits of Quitting
Many tissues will repair themselves, according to the American Cancer Society.
Gain more energy, sleep better, and feel more alert
Women less likely to bear babies with low birth weight
Can save about $1, per year
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