1. Intro to Substance Abuse
Drugs and Addiction

2. Each student will: Discuss the cycle of addiction
Reason why teens are more likely to develop addiction over adults.

3. What are drugs? A chemical substance that:
affects the processes of the mind or body;
may be used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease,
used recreationally for its effects on the central nervous system.

4. Why can drugs be bad for your mind and body?
Drugs used for medical purposes can be beneficial but still can have negative effects
Drugs alter the chemical state of a person’s mind and body.
They affect a person’s
Appearance
Physical health
Social life
Financial life

5. What are examples of gateway drugs?
What are gateway drugs?
A gateway drug is a drug that opens the door to other, harder drug use.
What are examples of gateway drugs?
Alcohol, Tobacco, Marijuana

6. Types of Drugs Drugs can be separated into Types and Categories
Prescription Drugs
Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs
Recreational Drugs
alcohol, tobacco, caffeine
Illicit Drugs
Illegal
Most are psychoactive – changes brain chemistry

7. Categories of Drugs Stimulants Depressants Opiates Hallucinogens
Designer Drugs
Inhalants
Steroids

8. Your Lifeline…
Examine the meaningful events that will happen to you in your lifetime.
Along the lifeline place all the significant events that have ALREADY occurred at the appropriate age.
Also place the events that will occur during your lifetime. (Dreams, Goals, Plans). Place these events along the line at the age you estimate they will occur.

9. Lifeline Reflection
Gateway drug use often lead to harder drug use. If you became an addict and wasted all you time and money worrying about drugs, how would that affect your lifeline?

10. Teen Addiction

11. Methods of Administration
Changes in Brain chemistry occur dependent on the method of administration. Methods include:
Oral Ingestion
Injection (can be into the intramuscular or intravenous)
Smoke
Inhalation
Absorption
The quicker the drug reaches the brain the more likely the user is to become addicted.

12. Synapses…

13. How Addiction Happens…
Once a drug reaches the brain, it acts on one or more neurotransmitters, either increasing or decreasing their concentration and actions.
Neurotransmitters include substances such as serotonin and dopamine that are released from your brain to make you feel good.

14. Dopamine and Serotonin

15. Besides drugs what else could someone be addicted to?
Addiction
Besides drugs what else could someone be addicted to?

17. Potato Chip Activity How does it feel to stop after just one chip?
How many of you would like another chip?
How do cravings for potato chips differ from cravings for tobacco, alcohol or other drugs?
How might your body react if you stopped eating potato chips?
What if you stopped using tobacco, alcohol, or some other drug after you are addicted?

18. Dopamine and the brain

19. Downward Spiral of Addiction
Experimentation Recreational or Social Use Tolerance Compulsive Craving Addiction Withdrawal

20. Downward Spiral of Addiction
Use of a substance just to see what it is like; Peers, family, media may all be an influence
Experimentation

21. Downward Spiral of Addiction
Use of a substance makes user feel good; think he/she is having fun and fitting in which often leads to using more frequently
Recreational
or Social Use

22. Downward Spiral of Addiction
The body needs more of a substance because it requires more to get the same effect
Tolerance

23. Downward Spiral of Addiction
Beginning to have uncontrollable need for the substance
Compulsive Craving

24. Downward Spiral of Addiction
Use becomes habitual (regular) and out of control; User is dependent on the substance
Addiction

25. Downward Spiral of Addiction
Changes that occur when drug use stops
Withdrawal

26. How quickly someone becomes addicted depends on several factors:
Genetic connection to addiction
Stress, worry, tension – the more there is, the more likely you are to look for so-called relief.
Drug being used. Some drugs cause addiction after just one or a few uses.

27. Withdrawal
When someone tries to give up tobacco, alcohol, or other drugs, they may suffer through a combination of symptoms.
Restlessness
Depression
Difficulty concentrating
Eating more than usual
Loss of Energy/Fatigue
Tremors
Impatience
Stomach or Bowel problems
Heart palpitations
Frustration and Anger
Headaches
Sweating

28. When a user needs the drug to be able to function normally.
Dependence
When a user needs the drug to be able to function normally.

29. When the person needs more and more to get the same effect
Tolerance
When the person needs more and more to get the same effect

30. Other Drug Vocabulary
Relapse – the tendency to return to addictive behavior after a period of abstinence.
Euphoria – “high”
Synesthesia – an effect where sensory messages are incorrectly assigned (hear a taste, smell a sound)
Flashbacks – perceptual distortions and bizarre thoughts that occur after the drug has been eliminated from the body

31. Addiction to a drug can affect someone physically, socially, and mentally.

32. Symptoms of a Drug User Personality
Becomes disrespectful, verbal and physical abuse
Is angry a lot, acts paranoid or confused, extreme mood swings
Seems depressed and less out-going than usual.
Is secretive, lies about what s/he is doing and where s/he is going.
Steals or “loses” possessions s/he used to value.
Seems to have a lot of money or is always asking for money

33. Symptoms of a Drug User Physical Appearance
Not taking care of hygiene and grooming.
Not sleeping or sleeping too much.
Loss of appetite
Weight loss or weight gain.
Too hyperactive or too little energy.

34. Social Activity/School Performance
Symptoms of a Drug User
Social Activity/School Performance
Drops old friends and activities.
Skips school
Loses interest in school work and is getting low grades
Sleeps in class
Loses concentration and is having trouble remembering things.

35. Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Does the scenario represent Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?

36. Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Jen has to take twice as much heroin to get the same high she used to get with just one needle. Tolerance

37. Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Neurons and dopamine receptors begin to die. Dependence

38. Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Ryan has a compulsive need to drink alcohol. Addiction

39. Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Stan will do anything, including steal from his friends to get the drugs. Addiction

40. Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
The brain adjusts to the drug to the point that it needs the drug to function normally. Dependence

41. Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Sierra’s reward pathway doesn’t respond as strongly as it used to when she smokes a cigarette. Tolerance

42. Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Jon experiences overwhelming physical withdrawal symptoms when he doesn’t take heroin. Addiction

43. Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Instead of a good feeling, taking the drug only produces relief. Dependence

44. Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
The drug user’s brain cells become more resistant to the effects of the drug. Tolerance

45. Tolerance, Dependence or Addiction?
Lia cannot control her cocaine use anymore. Addiction

46. Tolerance, Dependence, or Addiction