1. The Immune System By: Yaz Eighaei, Samantha Lee, Brian Tom, Kristof Torok

2. The Body’s Three Lines of Defense First Line of Defense: Physical and Chemical Barriers (6) ➢ Non-specific barriers ➢ Prevent anything foreign to the body from penetrating the outer layer of the body ➢ Skin, tears, saliva, hair, mucus membranes, and earwax

3. The Body’s Three Lines of Defense Second Line of Defense: White Blood Cells (6) ➢ Non-specific ➢ If a pathogen penetrates the first line of defense white blood cells are activated

4. The Body’s Three Lines of Defense Third Line of Defense: Specific Resistance (6) ➢ Specific ➢ Activated when first two lines of defense are penetrated ➢ The body's immune system determines which antigens are part of its own body structure through the use of marker proteins ➢ When antigens are detected antibodies are produced ➢ T cells and B cells

6. Causes Cloning of T- Cells Antigen Fragment Interleukins ATP (zap!) The Concentration of Viruses is too high

7. Phagocytes and Phagocytosis ➢ Phagocytes: Large white blood cells that eat and digest microbes and other foreign particles (7) ○marker proteins ➢ Work by phagocytosis (type of endocytosis) where the phagocyte engulfs the invading molecules (6)

8. T(hymus)-Cells (5, 8) ➢ Function is to attack antigens that are on the surface of, or have invaded the body’s cells (pathogens) ➢ Surface of T cells contain specialized antibody-like receptors that can detect pathogens ➢ 2 types, cytotoxic and memory

9. Antigen Fragment Cytotoxic T-Cells (4) 1. 2. 3.

10. Memory T-Cells (4)

11. Helper T-Cells (5) ➢ They are activated on the surface of antigen-presenting cells ➢ Stimulate B-cells to produce antibodies ➢ Activate T-cells and B-cells to split and create more cells ➢ Activate and determine the lifespan of phagocytes, T-cells, and B-cells

12. System Video http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.stru.immune/immune-cells-in-action/

13. B-Cells (5) ➢ Secrete antibodies into the body’s fluids ➢ Antibodies attack foreign antigens circulating in the bloodstream ➢ Do not penetrate cells ➢ Each B-cell is programmed to make one specific antibody

14. Interleukins

15. White Blood Cells What is a white blood cell? ➢ Phagocytes found in the blood stream that ingest many forms of bacteria and dead cells (2) ➢ Protects the body from disease, cancer, and infection (9)

16. Antibodies ➢ Proteins produced by B-cells (1) ➢ B-cells undergo repeated cell division when something foreign is detected, forming clones of antibody-secreting plasma cells (3) ○Antibodies bind to the bacteria making them easier to ingest by white blood cells (3)

17. Proteins in White Blood Cells Interleukins: proteins secreted by macrophages (type of white blood cell) that acts as signals for white blood cells to activate when part of the body is infected or destroyed (5) ➢ Secreted when a helper T-cell attaches to a macrophage (5)

18. #WeBeDone! Unless You got Q’s… (You got 2 minutes so make it snappy)

19. Works Cited 1."Antibody." MedLinePlus. MedLinePlus, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. <http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ ency/article/002223.htm>. 2.Dean L. Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2005. Chapter 1, Blood and the cells it contains. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2263/ 3."How Lymphocytes Produce Antibody." CELLS Alive! Quill Graphics, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014.. 4."Immune Cells and Their Products." National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. NIH, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. <http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/immunesystem/immunecells/Pages/ default.aspx>. 5."Immune System." Austin Community College. Austin Community College, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014.. 6."Our Internal Defenses." Human Biological Science Unit. WestOne, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. <http://tle.westone.wa.gov.au/content/file/969144ed-0d3b-fa04-2e88-8b23de2a630c/1/ human_bio_science_3b.zip/content/004_internal_defence/page_01.htm>. 7."Phagocytes and Their Relatives." National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. NIH, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. <http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/immunesystem/immunecells/Pages/ phagocytes.aspx>. 8."Thymus." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014.. 9."What Are White Blood Cells?" University of Rochester Medical Center. University of Rochester Medical Center, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2014..