2. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter 10 The Rise of Christianity Chapter 10 The Rise of Christianity

3. Click the speaker button to play the audio. The Rise of Christianity

4. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Jews and the Romans Jerusalem was the capital of the kingdom of Israel.  Emperor Augustus made Judah into a Roman province called Judaea in A.D. 6.  (page 343) The Zealots were Jews who rebelled against the Romans in A.D. 66 to take back their kingdom. The First Christians

5. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Jews and the Romans (cont.) The Zealots were defeated and the temple was destroyed.  In retaliation, the Romans forced the Jews to leave Jerusalem and banned them from ever returning. (page 343) The Jews rebelled again in A.D. 132 and were defeated again.  The First Christians

6. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Life of Jesus A messiah is a deliverer.  (pages 344–347) The Jews believed God would send a messiah to restore the kingdom.  Jesus, a Jew born in the city of Nazareth, traveled throughout Judaea preaching his ideas. The First Christians

7. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Life of Jesus (cont.) Jesus believed in love and forgiveness, not simply following religious laws. The First Christians (pages 344–347)

8. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Life of Jesus (cont.) Jesus used parables to give his message.  Parables are stories that use events from everyday life to express spiritual ideas.  Jesus’ followers believed he was the messiah the Jews had been waiting for. The First Christians (pages 344–347)

9. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Life of Jesus (cont.) Leaders in Jerusalem charged Jesus with treason and crucified him.  Jesus’ followers believe in Jesus’ resurrection, or rising from the dead.  They founded a new religion called Christianity. The First Christians (pages 344–347)

10. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The First Christians People who accepted Jesus as the messiah were called Christians.  The Apostles were early Christian leaders who helped establish churches and spread Jesus’ word.  Peter and Paul were two of Jesus’ apostles.  (pages 348–350) Christians have different beliefs from Jews. The First Christians

11. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The First Christians (cont.) Christians believe Jesus is the Son of God who came to save people.  Christians believe people can gain salvation, or be saved from sin and allowed to enter heaven, by accepting Jesus.  Christians believe in the Trinity, or one God who exists as three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The First Christians (pages 348–350)

12. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What are some ways the religious beliefs of Jews and Christians differ? Christians believe Jesus was the messiah; Jews do not believe Jesus was their messiah. Christians also believe the one God exists in three persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Jews do not believe in the Trinity. The First Christians

13. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The First Christians What do Christians believe they will gain by accepting Jesus and his teachings? They believe they will gain salvation, be resurrected, and have everlasting life.

14. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyze Why were the Jews looking for a messiah? Did Jesus fulfill most Jews’ expectations for a messiah? Explain. Jews hoped the promised messiah would restore their freedom. Jesus did not fulfill most Jews’ expectations. They disagreed about his authenticity. The First Christians

15. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Get Ready to Read (cont.) Focusing on the Main Ideas The Christian Church Early Christians set up a church organization and explained their beliefs. Christianity won many followers and eventually became the official religion of the Roman Empire. 

16. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Get Ready to Read (cont.) Building Your Vocabulary persecute (PURH·sih· KYOOT )  martyr (MAHR·tuhr)  hierarchy (HY·uhr· AHR ·kee)  laity (LAY·uh·tee)  clergy (KLUHR·jee)  doctrine (DAHK·truhn)  gospel (GAHS·puhl)  pope The Christian Church

17. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. A Growing Faith Christianity became popular for several reasons.  It appealed to the lower classes because it offered them hope.  Christianity spread throughout Rome.  (pages 352–354) The ideals of Christianity were similar to what the people already believed. The Christian Church

18. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. A Growing Faith (cont.) Roman officials began to feel threatened by Christians.  Also, Christianity gave people an opportunity to be part of a caring group of people.  The Romans began to persecute, or mistreat, the Christians in A.D. 64.  Martyrs are people willing to die rather than give up their beliefs. The Christian Church (pages 352–354)

19. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. A Growing Faith (cont.) The Edict of Milan in A.D. 313 gave religious freedom to all people and made Christianity legal. The Christian Church (pages 352–354)

20. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. A Growing Faith (cont.) Helena, Constantine’s mother, helped build churches in Rome and Jerusalem.  Theodosius, the emperor after Constantine, made Christianity the official religion of Rome in A.D. 392. The Christian Church (pages 352–354)

21. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Early Church (cont.) Church leaders were the clergy.  Later, clergy were called priests.  The Christian Church (pages 355–356)

22. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Early Church (cont.) Doctrine is official church teaching.  Jesus’ followers, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, left a written record of his teachings.  Each of the apostles’ works is called a gospel, and all four gospels together are part of the New Testament of the Bible. The Christian Church (pages 355–356)

23. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Early Church (cont.) Gradually the pope claimed power over other bishops.  The Latin-speaking churches in the West that were led by the pope became the Roman Catholic Church. The pope was the bishop of Rome.  The Christian Church (pages 355–356)

24. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyze Following Jesus’ death, why was Christianity able to attract followers? Christianity offered hope and comfort. It appealed to the emotions and promised life after death. It gave people the chance to be part of a caring group. The Christian Church

25. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Byzantine Church The Greek-speaking Christians in the East developed their own form of Christianity, the Eastern Orthodox Church.  The Byzantines believed their emperor represented Jesus Christ on Earth.  (pages 359–361) The emperor appointed the patriarch of Constantinople, the leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Spread of Christian Ideas

26. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Byzantine Church (cont.) The Byzantines did not accept the pope’s claim that he was head of all Christian churches, including the Eastern Orthodox Church.  After stopping an invasion of Italy by the Franks, the pope named Charlemagne, a Frankish king, as Byzantine emperor.  The Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church eventually excommunicated each other. (pages 359–361) The Spread of Christian Ideas

27. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Byzantine Church (cont.) Excommunication is a declaration that a person or group no longer belongs to the church.  The split of the two churches was known as a schism. (pages 359–361) The Spread of Christian Ideas

28. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. How did the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church differ in their relationship with government? The Eastern Orthodox Church respected the wishes of the emperor, the political leader. In the Roman Catholic Church, the pope was considered the political and spiritual leader. He often argued with kings over church and government matters. The Spread of Christian Ideas

29. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Christian Ideas Spread Religious men called monks formed communities called monasteries.  Christianity helped people achieve order after the fall of Rome.  (pages 361–364) Religious women became nuns and formed religious communities of their own, called convents.  The Spread of Christian Ideas

30. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Christian Ideas Spread (cont.) Missionaries are people who teach their religion to those who do not believe.  Christianity spread north of the Byzantine Empire into Slavic countries and west into Britain and Ireland. (pages 361–364) The Spread of Christian Ideas

31. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Christian Ideas Spread (cont.) Patrick was a priest who brought Christianity to Ireland. (pages 361–364) The Spread of Christian Ideas

32. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. On what is Christianity based? Jesus’ life and teachings and belief in his resurrection The Rise of Christianity Section 1 The First Christians Review Main Ideas

33. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Contrast How did Jews and Christians differ in their belief about Jesus and his message? Christians believed Jesus was the messiah and had risen from the dead. Jews did not. The Rise of Christianity

34. Spread of Christianity A.D. 325

35. Spread of Christianity A.D. 325–1100

36. The pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, lives in the State of Vatican City. It is the smallest independent country in the world.

37. Click the speaker button to play the audio. Sermon on the Mount

38. Focus on Everyday Life Christians believed in resurrection, the idea that the body would one day reunite with the soul. For this reason, they would not allow their dead bodies to be burned, which was the Roman custom. Also, Roman law did not allow bodies to be buried aboveground. Therefore, starting in the A.D. 100s, Christians buried their dead beneath the city of Rome in a series of dark, cold, stench-filled tunnels called catacombs. Each tunnel was about 8 feet high and less than 3 feet wide. Bodies were stacked in slots along the sides of the tunnels. The catacomb walls were painted with images from the Bible or from Greek or Roman mythology. More than five million bodies were buried under Roman streets and buildings. Many of the Christians buried there were martyrs who had been killed for their beliefs. Christian Catacombs

39. Click the speaker button to play the audio. c. 6 B.C.–A.D. 30 Jesus of Nazareth

40. Click the speaker button to play the audio. Paul of Tarsus C. A.D. 10–65

41. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Click the speaker button to play the audio. Click the mouse button or press the Space bar to display the answer. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 10 – 2 Chapter 10