1. WEEK FOUR GEOGRAPHY NOTE
LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE

2. LATITUDE
MEANING; Latitude is an angular distance of a point on the earths surface measured in degrees from the center of the earth north or south of the equator.
Latitudes can also be referred to as imaginary lines running from west to east on the globe.
IMPORTANCE LINES OF LATITUDE.
The Equator 0o
tropic of Cancer 231/2oN
Tropic of Capricorn 231/2oS
Arctic circle 60oN
Antarctic circle 60oS.
USES OF LATITUDE.
Latitudes and longitudes are used to locate places on the map.
Latitudes are used to calculate distance.

3. LATITUDES AND DISTANCE.
PROCEDURES; A. Locate the two places involved. B. Find the latitude difference. C. Multiply the difference by 111km. N.B. 1o OF LATITUDE= 111 KM. this is derived by dividing 40,085km [earths equatorial circumference] by 360o. EXAMPLE 1. Calculate the distance between South Africa 30oS and Spain 40oN. SOLUTION. Latitude of south arfica =30o Latitude of spain =40o Latitude difference =70o NB 1O OF Latitude =111km .: 70o x 111km = 77700km the distance between South Africa 30oS and Spain 40oN = 7770km.

4. LONGITUDES.
MEANING; Longitude is an angular distance of a point on the earths surface measured in degrees from the center of the earth west or east of the Greenwich meridian.
Longitudes can also be referred to as imaginary lines running from north to south on the globe.
IMPORTANT LINES OF LONGITUDE.
The Greenwich meridian 0o.
180oW, 180oE, 100oE, 80oW, etc.
USES OF LINES OF LONGITUDE.
Longitudes and latitudes are used to locate places on the map.
Longitudes are used to calculate time.

5. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES .
Longitudes are drawn from north to south while latitudes run from west to east.
Longitudes are called meridians while latitudes are called parallels.
Longitudes have equal length while latitudes have different lengths.
Meridians converge at the poles but parallels never meet.
The reference point of longitude is Greenwich meridian while that of latitude is the equator.
SIMILARITES OF LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES.
Both are imaginary lines drawn on the globe.
Both are measured in degrees.
Both are used in locating places.
Both contain great circles.

6. ASSIGNMENT. What is latitude? Define the term longitude.
What are the uses of latitudes and longitudes.
What are the differences between longitudes and longitudes.
Write short notes on the following concepts;
1. International date line.
2.Greenwich mean time.
3. Standard time or local time.
4. World time zones.